The document discusses various skin-related problems and their causes. It begins by describing the structure of skin and then discusses specific conditions like dry skin, acne, prickly heat, wrinkles, and pigmentation. Dry skin is caused by a lack of oil and can make the skin feel tight. Acne occurs when pores become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. Prickly heat is a rash caused by blocked sweat glands in hot conditions. Wrinkles are lines and creases in the skin that can be caused by age, sun exposure, smoking, and facial expressions. The document also covers moisturizers and their role in hydrating the skin.

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SKINRELATINGPROBLEMS
Presented by:
MANEESH BANYAL (Asst. professor)
SWATI JOSHI (Asst. professor)

2. CONTENTS..
• Structure of skin
• Dry skin
• Acne
• Prickly heat
• Wrinkles
• Pigmentation
• Moisturizers
• References
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3. SKIN..
• The skin is the largest organ in the body.
• It comprising about 15% of body weight.
• The total skin surface of an adult ranges from
12-20 square feet.
• In term of chemical composition the skin is
about 70% water, 25% protein and 2% lipids.
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The skin consist of three main layers:-
•Epidermis .
•Dermis.
•Subcutaneous.

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DRY SKIN..
• Dry skin has a low level of sebum and can be
prone to sensitivity.
• It usually feels “tight” and uncomfortable after
washing.
• Chapping and cracking are signs of extremely
dry, dehydrated skin.
• It looses dull especially on the skin and around
the skin.

6. CAUSES..
• The oil glands do not supply enough
lubrication to the skin. As a result, the skin
becomes dehydrated.
• Dry skin could be due to genetic condition.
• Nutritional deficiences especially, deficiences
of vitamin A and B.
• Environmental factors such as; exposure to
sunlight, cold, chemicals or cosmetics or
excessive bathing with harsh soap.
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7. ACNE..
• Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that
occurs when oil and dead skin cells blocks the
pore opening, causes sebum (oil) to build up
inside the pore.
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8. CAUSES..
• Acne is caused by excess production of sebum
from skin.
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9. ACNE LIFE CYCLE..
• STAGE 1: Clogged pores.
• STAGE 2: Bacteria.
• STAGE 3: Inflammation.
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10. PRICKLY HEAT..
• Commonly called heat rash or miliaria. It is
caused by obstruction due to the sweat ducts.
• It is heat characterized by itchy red spots.
Which develops on the chest, under the arm
pits and between the thighs in the hot
countries.
• Basically caused by blocked sweat glands.
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11. • Occurs when sweat can not freely evaporate
from the skin and sweat ducts become
plugged.
• This inflammation can cause a red rash.
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12. WRINKLES..
• Wrinkles are the lines and creases that form in
your skin. Some wrinkles can become deep
crevics or furrows and may be especially
noticeable around your eyes , mouth and
neck.
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13. CAUSES..
• a) Age
• b) Exposure to sunlight
• c) Smoking
• d) Repeated facial expression
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14. PIGMENTATION..
• Skin color is generally due to melanin.
• Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes within
melanosomes and transferred to
keratinocytes.
• Human being come in glorious spectrum of
different colors: light, dark, plain or freckly
skin.
• Skin pigmentation has far- reaching social and
psychological implications.
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16. HYPOPIGMENTATION DISORDERS…
• Vitiligo.
High prevalence : 0.5 – 2 % of population
• 3 major hypothesis : -
a) immunological factor
b) oxidative stress
c) sympathetic neurogenic disorders
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MOISTURIZERS..
• These are complex mixtures of chemical
agents especially designed to make the
external layers of the skin softer and more
liable.
• They increase the skin’s hydration (water
content) by reducing evaporation.

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• Naturally occuring skin lipids and sterols, as well as
artificial or natural oils, humectants, emollients,
lubricants etc. be the part of composition of
commercial skin moisturizers.
• They usually are available as commercial products
for cosmetics and therapeutic uses, and can also be
made at home using common pharmacy
ingredients.

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22. ALOEVERA AND ALMOND OIL LOTION
• Almond oil
• Bees wax
• Aloe Vera gel
• Essential oils (lime)
• Vit. E oil
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• ½ cup
• ¾ ounce
• 1 cup
• 10 drops
• 1 tsp.
Formulation;

23. REFERENCES..
• http://www.dermacaredirect.co.uk.../the
psychological_and_social_impact_of_skin_dis
ease.
• www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/media/705715/dermato
logy.
• http://medicine.uiowa.edu/dermatology/educ
ation/clinical_skin_disease.
• www2.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/sco
pe/biology/…/skin_disease ppt.pptx.
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THANK YOU