Shortness of breath is a common complication after surgery that can occur for several reasons. Some patients experience shortness of breath due to residual effects of anesthesia or pain medications, while others may have it if the surgery involved the lungs or chest area. In most cases, shortness of breath after surgery is temporary and will improve over time, but it's important to contact your doctor if it persists or worsens so that the cause can be properly evaluated and treated.