Sewing
・type of Sewingmachine
・How the sewing machine seams work
・ミシンのメカニズム Mechanism of sewing machine
・ミシン針の種類 Types of sewing needle
・縫製の種類 Types of sewing
・裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関(6仕様)
Cutting-sewing process flow and technical data
correlation (6 specification)
・縫製流動方法(1個流しの紹介)
Sewing flow method (introduction of a single flow)
・縫製工程VTR(1個流し)
Sewing process VTR (1 piece)
Type of sewingmachine ①
【machine: 3 types of domestic, industrial, occupation】
【Household sewing machine】
[Occupational sewing machine]
[Industrial sewing machines]
Over edge sewing machine
A sewing machine commonly
used at home. One sewing
machine can do various types
of sewing such as a straight
line, a zigzag, a button hole, a
large embroidery sewing, etc.
A professional sewing
machine that is also used for
town tailors and school
students. There is only one
thing like an industrial sewing
machine. There is a straight
sewing machine, and there is
a strong sewing machine for
household sewing machines.
It is easy to raise the jeans.
Straight sew sewing machine
Sewing machine
which can sew large
embroidery
Straight Sewing Machine
The clothes that are sold in a department store and a
supermarket are called ready-made clothes. This
ready-made garment is produced at a garment
factory. A large number of workers produce clothes
by an assembly line in the factory. The sewing
machine used here is an industrial sewing machine.
The industrial sewing machine is different from
the home sewing machine which can do various
sewing, and only one thing like sewing machine
only to sew to straight, the sewing machine only
of attaching the button, and the sewing machine
only of the edge. Also, it is very strong to use for
many hours a day.
7.
【主なミシンの種類】 【Types ofmain sewing machines】
ミシンの種類② Type of sewing machine ②
平型ミシン
Flat sewing machine
ポスト ミシン
Post sewing machine
オーバーロック用ミシン
Overlock sewing machine
筒型ミシン
Tube Type Sewing Machine
・上下送りタイプ
⇒ギャザー加工に使用
Vertical feed type ⇒ Used for
gathering
・下送りタイプ
Bottom feed type
・1本針/2本針
1-needle / 2-needle
・1本針
⇒シングル ステッチ
1 needle ⇒ Single stitch
・2本針
⇒ダブル ステッチ
2 needles
⇒ Double stitch
・革仕様における革と
スラブの合わせ用
Leather and slab matching
in leather specifications
・衣料品の裾のホツレ
防止
Prevent fraying of clothing
hem
革製品(Bag/靴)等
小さいRの多いものに
最適
Suitable for small R items
such as leather goods (Bag /
shoes)
8.
【ミシンの各部名称】 【Name ofeach part of sewing machine】
押え上げレバー
Presser lifting lever
天びん
Balance
ボビン+ボビンケース
Bobbin + bobbin case
ボビンケース
Bobbin case
ボビン
Bobbin
針板
Needle
plate
糸調子皿
Thread tension
disc
糸取りバネ Thread spring
押さえ
Holding
ミシンの種類③ Type of sewing machine ③
上糸調子
ダイヤル
Upper thread
tension dial
9.
Create a loop
Passingthe lower thread in a loop
上糸を引上げる
布を動かして繰返す
ミシンの縫い目
ループの中に別の糸を通して布から針を抜く。この別の糸を「下糸」という。
ミシン針はとがっている先
端に穴があり、そこに糸を
通す。この針につける糸を
「上糸」という
針で布を突き刺して戻すと布の下側に糸が弛んで輪(ループ)ができる。
ミシン針の片側に溝があり、溝のない方に大きなループができる。
①針を布に突き刺す ②針を戻すと ③ループができる
①針を布から抜き ①下糸を通す
上糸と下糸の結び目が布の
真中にくるように上糸を引上
げる。
布を動かしてまた結び目を作る。
この動きを繰返してミシンの縫い目ができる。
ミシンはどのように縫い目を作るのか。以下、【本縫い】につい
ての説明。
ミシンの縫い目の仕組み
Needle and upper thread
10.
Create a loop
Passingthe lower thread in a loop
Pull up the upper thread
Move the cloth and repeat
Seam of the sewing machine
Pull out the needle from the cloth through another thread into the loop . This another
thread called "bobbin thread".
The sewing needle
has a hole in the
pointed tip and enter
it. The thread attached
to this needle is called
"upper thread"
When pushing back the cloth with the needle, the thread loosens on the underside of
the cloth and a loop (loop) is made. There is a groove on one side of the sewing
machine needle, and a large loop is formed on the side without the groove.
① Apply needle to cloth. ② return the needle ③ Loop can be
① Pull out the needle
from the cloth
① Pass through the
lower thread
Pull up the upper thread so
that the knot of the upper
thread and lower thread comes
to the centre of the fabric.
Move the cloth and make a knot again.
repeat this movement to make sewing
machine seams.
How do sewing machines make seam? Below, explanation
about 【stitching】.
How the sewing machine seams work
Needle and upper thread
■主な動き
Bobbin thread
Upper thread
Directionof
rotation
Mechanism of sewing machine
Structure of the kettle
Work of the kettle
series of
movements
There is a gap between the outer
hook and the inner hook, and the
loop passes through this gap and
goes around the inner hook.
The sewing machine uses a part
called a kettle (bitten) to pass the
thread down to the loop.
The kettle is divided into an outer hook, an
inner hook, a bobbin case, and a bobbin.
The outer hook and the inner hook are
assembled like rotating. The bobbin thread is
wound around the bobbin, enters the bobbin
case, and is attached to the inner hook.
When the sewing machine to sew the
cloth, the inner hook pressed against
rotation, the outer hook rotates by
the force of the motor. There is the
part called the bayonet point to the
pot, and this bayonet point enters the
loop of the upper thread.
Outer hook
inner hook
Bobbin
Bobbin case
points of collars
Gap
About the kettle
Main movements
① Round Point/ Ball Point ② Ball point needle ③ Knit Needles
Round point
(regular tip)
Ball point S J chemical
fiber
U KN needle
【Application】
・S : It is used for single and double knit materials with relatively high vision.
・J : Used for general knitwear.
・ chemical fiber :Used in chemical fiber for knit.
・KN :Single, double knit high gauge used for thin threads of knitting threads.
・U :It is used by the brassiere girdles using power nets
【Sewing thread and needle count】
Sewing thread count #100 #80 #60 #50
Needle count 8~9 9~11 9~14 11~14
Sewing thread count #40 #30 #20 #10
Needle count 14~16 16~18 17~19 18~21
Sewing thread count #8 #5 110d/2
Needle count 19~24 21~25 11~14
Type of sewing needle ②
Apply model
specification
on sewing
instruction
Types of sewing①
Types of sewing Purpose Sample photo Specific explanation
Main stitch Process as a main step of
piece and piece (including
trim cord etc.) and sew with
lock stitch
Overlock Pre-sewing process to
sew leather + wadding
(slab) in leather
specification
Gather
(pinched)
Processing when making
the pinched sewing state
by the upper and lower
feed sewing machine
stitch · Single stitching · Double
stitching Processing
when displaying thread
on the outside as a design
W stitch
gather
A-A schematic diagram
8±1mm
①
②
A-A
① ②
Processing to pinched sewn state (=
gather) at designated part of leather cut
goods
Leather cut
In-kind sample
reference
WAD t10
WAD t10
5 ±1mm
革
ワディング
革
革
Overlock
Main stitch
19.
オーバーロック(かがり縫いの一種) Overlock (akind of biting stitch)
ロックステッチ
Lock stitch
【ステッチの種類】 【Types of stitches】
例:ジーンズの裾縫い
本縫い部/仮縫い部に使用 Used for this sewn part / temporary sewing part
チェーンステッチ
Chain stitch
仮縫い部に使用(現在、オーバーロック以外殆ど未使用)
Used in basting (almost unused except the current 、 lock)
二重環縫い Double loop sewing
三重環縫い Triple ring sewing
縫製の種類② Type of sewing ②
オーバーロック Overlock
20.
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 Cutting -sewing process flow and technical data correlation
縫製工程 Sewing process 裁断工程 Cutting process
【各種技術資料】 【Various technical documents】
■型紙(裁断データ) Stamp (cutting data)
•各ピース毎入力 Each piece input
各材料別にマーカー作成Marker creation for each material
(各裁断条件設定:歩留り率/バッハ設定/重ね枚数等)
(Setting of each cutting condition: yield rate / Bach Set / number of
overlapping sheets, etc.)
NC機
各ミシンEach sewing machine
裁断工程 Cutting process
工程設計/LO/習熟訓練 Process design / LO / proficiency
training
縫製工程Sewing process
検査工程(検針機含む) Inspection process (including meter reading machine)
出荷(シートASSY拠点・工場へ) Shipment (to seat ASSY bases / factories)
/プレス機 NC machine/ Press
machine
•①型紙展開表 Expansion table
②色調一覧表(カラーチャート)Color table (color chart)
③縫製工程仕様書Sewing process specification sheet
④TRIM PARTS LIST
⑤縫製指示書(管理ポイント) Sewing instructions
(management point)
⑥縫製サンプル・材料MASTER SAMPLE ⑥ Sewing sample ·
material MASTER SAMPLE
Material type
Perimeter ofCut-piece
Seam allowance
Cutting - Sewing process flow and technical document correlation 【1) Expansion table
Specification sheet for designation of skin material use site
(Part · part number · material · lami specification · number · area · perimeter ·
seam allowance)
Expansion table
Area of cut piece
Brushed direction androll direction of the epidermis (use of materials)
Constituent materials (10 types) + parts (5 types)
Cutting - Sewing process flow and technical document correlation 【② colour tone list】
Specification material (parts), parts to be used, color tone, designation material to
specify the brush direction of each part
Sewing
processing length
Number of
returns•Number of pieces
Specifications for sewing length, number of returns, and number of cutting parts
Cutting - Sewing process flow and technical document correlation 【③ Sewing
process specification sheet】
TRIMCOVER sewing process specification sheet
Specifications that instructedthe composition of trim cords and clips other than the skin
material (fabric / leather)
Cutting - Sewing process flow and technical data correlation 【④ Trim parts list】
「トリムコード、ファスナー、マジックテープ、仮縫い、ステッチ、返し縫」を具体的に説明
Specific explanation of"trim cord, fastener, hook and loop fastener, temporary sewing, stitching, return stitch“
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑤縫製指示書-2】Cutting - sewing process
flow and technical document correlation 【⑤ sewing instruction - 2】
32.
【ステッチ基準】本縫いから4±1mm、指定縫製長で1山以内の曲がり限度(2山S字NG)[Stitch
standards] 4 ±1 mm from main stitching, bending limit within 1 mountain by specified sewing length (2 mountain S character NG)
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑤縫製指示書-3】 Cutting - sewing process
flow and technical document correlation 【⑤ sewing instruction sheet -3】
33.
【ティア部縫製基準】 AIR BAG展開部位に対する詳細指示(縫直しNGエリア指示)【Tierpart sewing
standards】 Detailed instructions for AIR BAG deployment part (reworking NG area indication)
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑤縫製指示書-4】Cutting - sewing process flow and
technical document correlation 【⑤ sewing instruction manual -4】
34.
【縫代方向指示】端末縫代倒し方向(左右・開き)を指示 ⇒縫製サンプル比較確認 [Seamdirection
indication] Select terminal Tilt direction (left / right / open) designation ⇒ Sewing example comparison check
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑤縫製指示書-5】 Cutting - Sewing process
flow and technical document correlation 【⑤ Sewing instruction sheet -5】
35.
【トリムコード端末返し縫】 端末返し縫「I縫い」「Z縫い」を指示 [TrimCord terminal return] The terminal is
sewn "I stitch" and "Z Stitch" are instructed.
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑤縫製指示書-6】Cutting - sewing process flow
and technical document correlation 【⑤ sewing instruction sheet - 6】
36.
裁断~縫製工程フローと技術資料相関 【⑥Master Sample】Cutting - Sewing process flow and
technical data correlation 【⑥ Master Sample】
布地/革 MASTER SAMPLE
Fabric / leather MASTER SAMPLE
材料(布地/革)客先承認されたマスターで材料確認し、開発・技術本部承認縫製サンプルで出来映えを確認 Material
(fabric / leather) Customer confirm the material with the approved master, Confirmation of the result with
the sewing sample approved by the Development & Technology Headquarters
縫製サンプル Sewing sample
工程順に1個 又は 1台ずつ加工、組付けをし
1個ずつ次工程に流すやり方をいう。Processing and
assembly means how to run one by one or one at a time in the order
of processes and flow one at a time to the next process.
1個流しとは What is 1 sink
39.
要員9名 9 people
マシン9台9machines
要員効率 5.0 efficiency 5.0
要員6名6 people
マシン12台12 machines
要員効率 6.0 efficiency 6.0
生産台数 360pcsProduction volume 360 pcs
生産台数 430pcsProduction volume 430 pcs
1個流しレイアウト (事例:FC R/L)1 piece flowing layout (case: FC R / L)
直線(I字)ラインLinear (I-shaped) line 1個流し(U字)ライン1 piece flow (U-shaped) line
merit / demeritof 1 pouring line
merit demerit
Unfinished product is the smallest one between
processes
A single machine has more than one unit as a basis,
and the sewing machine needs a lot (although
organization efficiency increases).
You can see the flow to the finished product
Since multi-purpose engineering is the basis,
advanced skill level is required
At a glance, you can find out the line balance
between processes.
It takes time to master know-how until you get a
mutual understanding method
Secure stable volume of products (Variation in
volume is large on straight line)
It is necessary to accumulate know-how in the model
line and to expand it horizontally because it changes
greatly from the conventional flow of the line.
I can see the problem on the line
(In the case of equipment failure, stops the line)
43.
現行生産方式 (ストレートライン)
Current productionmethod
(Straight line)
1個流し生産方式(U字ライン)
1 piece flowing production
method (U character line)
要員効率
pcs/8h・人
Personnel efficiency
pcs / 8h · people
補正要員効率
Correction personnel
efficiency
28.1
18.2
14.8
R
R
L
L
48.2
24.9
25.4
23.9 32.7
効果(UP率)
%
効果(UP率)
%Effect (UP rate)%
36.8
71.5
36.8
71.5
1個流しラインの効果 Effect of 1 piece of sink line
要員効率及び補正要員効率 全て1個流しラインの方がUP
Personnel efficiency and correction personnel efficiency is all 1 flow line up
海外拠点の1事例 1 example of the overseas bases
裁 断Cutting
【布地裁断】[Textile cutting]
・裁断工程概要Outline of cutting process
・延反種類 Roll type
・裁断種類 Cut type
・各拠点裁断機保有状況 Each site cutting machine holding status
・自動裁断工程の流れ Flow of automatic cutting process
【革裁断】【Leather Cutting】
・革自動裁断工程の流れ Flow of automatic leather cutting process
・革自動裁断歩留り率向上施策事例 Example of measures to
improve leather automatic cutting yield ratio
【布地自動裁断】 【Automatic cutting of fabric】
・裁断工程VTR Cutting process VTR
47.
主要工程:表皮材入荷 ⇒ 延反⇒ 裁断 ⇒ 縫製 ⇒ シート組立
Main process: Skin material arrival ⇒ Roundup ⇒ Cutting ⇒ Sewing ⇒ Seat assembly
【布地】 裁断工程概略 【Fabric】 Outline of cutting process
延反工程
Drawing process
裁断工程
Cutting process
取出し工程
検査工程
Removal step
Inspection process
【延反種類】【Roll Type】
1.H/W延反 H / W divergence
2.自動延反Automatic extension
【裁断種類】【Cut type】
1.H/W裁断H / W cutting
2.プレス裁断 Press cutting
3.自動裁断 Automatic cutting
・H/W取出し
H / W removal
原反材料開梱Unpacking of raw m
aterial
原反セットRaw set
延反Contradiction
外観検査Visual inspection 材料組合せMaterial combinatio
n
裁断Cutting
裁断品採取Cutting item collection
外周検査Perimeter inspection
【裁断工程】 【Cutting process】
48.
H/W(ハンドワーク)延反H / W(handwork)
contradiction
自動延反Automatic extension
【メリット】【merit】
・高額の投資が不必要
High investment is unnecessary
・習熟者だと精度が良い
Accurate if you are proficient
【デメリット】【Demerit】
・習熟に時間が掛かる
It takes a long time to
proficiency
・人により延反精度の
バラツキが発生
The difference of the
accuracy of extending is
caused by the person.
【メリット】【merit】
・延反精度のバラツキ
少ない
Less variation of the total
accuracy
【デメリット】【Demerit】
・高額の投資が必要
High investment required
・メンテナンスが困難
Maintenance is difficult
【布地】 延反の種類 【Fabric】 Type of Rolling
H / Wcutting Press cutting Automatic cutting
H / W Cutting Machine, Scissors Press machine + Die tool Automatic cutting by computer control
【merit】
・High investment is
unnecessary
・PPA at the time of
the cutting machine
failure
【Demerit】
・It takes a long time
to work proficiency
・Variation occurs in
efficiency / quality by
people
・Productivity is
extremely low
compared to press ·
automatic cutting
・Yield is bad
【merit】
・Stable quality
・High productivity
・Advantageous to
hard materials such
as PVC
【Demerit】
・Mold reproduction
is necessary at the
time of change
・Model management
is difficult
【merit】
・High productivity
・Stable quality
・Easy to change
・Capable of high yield
【Demerit】
・High investment
cost
・Difficulty in
equipment
maintenance
proficiency
・High
maintenance and
management of
equipment
・PPA required
for equipment
failure
【Fabric】 Type of cutting
Single type
(Sweden Steel)
•Thomson type
(Thomson Blade)
* It is also called a bike type
Similarly for leather cutting
51.
地域
Region
TS拠点名TS
base name
自動裁断機 Automaticcutting machine
プレス
press
ガーバー
Gerber
レクトラLectra
カワカミ
Kawakami
中国
China
広州TS
Guangzhou TS
○(1台) ○(2台) ○(1台)
広州トリム
Guangzhou trim
○(2台)
寧波Ningbo ○(15台) ○(1台)
ア太
Asia-Pacific
タイ Thailand ○(1台) ○(1台) ○(1台)
インドネシア
Indonesia
○(3台)
フィリピン
Philippines
○(2台) ○(1台)
インドIndia ○(1台) ○(1台)
メキシコ
Mexico
トライコンTricon ○(6台)
ビケダVikeda ○(3台)
ブラジル
Brazil
ブラジルBrazil ○(1台)
【布地】 各拠点裁断機保有状況 [Fabric] Each site cutting machine holding status
革用:12台
布用:3台
各拠点生産量に合わせて設備保有
Equipment possession in accordance with each base
production volume
Reverse table Counter
Machine
Original
fabric
Elevator
NCcutting machine Distribution system
【Fabric】 Flow of automatic cutting process
【Distribution System】
Set the minimum anti-heritage when
reading raw scratch mark information
【Cutting system】
Automatic cutting by NC cutting machine
【Flow of automatic cutting process】
【State-of-the-art equipment capability】
・Rotation speed: The knife is moved and cut at about 3000 to 4000 revolutions per
minute・
・ Polishing: polish a knife every 1.5m cut and keep a cut state of the high quality
・Speed: cut at a knife speed of 2.5 m to 3 m per minute
【Automatic Cutting Machine Name
/ Function】
Pickup table
(cover of cutting
material)
Cutting
head
Control panel
(Data input /
cutting status
indication etc.)
VAC
室
controller
(System control
unit)
Conveyor type cutting table
(Bristol)
Cutting surface
Bristol and knife
[Fabric] "0 buffercutting" reference example
EO:RB
Material
name
Material width (M)
Number of SET
Marker (M)
Yield rate
(%)
Policy
Effect (¥) / unit
Current
status
After
improvement
1.52
JR163:
3T
2 4
4.865 8.792 △0.234M=300
(△10%)
10 M telescopic
table
0 mm Bach
Application
79.75
72.11 △7.64
BEFORE E 2 type (3 MM buffer)
AFTER E 2 type (0 MM buffer)
Fabric
overlap
number 15
Set number
set 30 60
Indonesia case
* Material Unit Price (JR 163: 3 T) = $ 14.42 = 1283.00
3 mm buffer ⇒ 0 mm Cutting yield after buffer change: 7.6% improvement (72.1% ⇒ 79.7%)
(Increase cutting yield rate = Increase profit)
【Leather】 Flow ofcutting process (Ningbo TS)
(Leather acceptance inspection
passed LOT item)
Appearance inspection (defect mark)
Leather set scanning
nesting
Cutting
External appearance inspection
HM limit sample compared to
leather defect inspection
Set round leather in NC cutting
machine (VAC suction fixing)
Automatic reading of defect mark in
NC cutting machine camera
Automatic optimal yield placement on PC
to recognize faults that have been
read automatically
Automatic cutting as nested
Total inspection(limit sample compared to
visual inspection /View bonded outer
peripheral shape inspection
Enlarged picture next page
58.
68.8% 69.3%
ネスティング時のPC画面表示状態
PC screendisplay state at nesting
【革】 自動裁断機 ネスティング拡大写真【Leather】 Automatic Cutting Machine
Nesting Larger image
自動読込みした欠点を認識し、PC上にて自動最適歩留り配置(=ネスティング)
Automatic optimal yield placement on the PC, recognizing the shortcomings of automatic loading (=
nesting)
The leather scratchof the outer periphery 8 mm (inside the seam) of the leather cut product is
hidden inside the main stitch and can not be seen on the surface of the trim cover finished product,
there is a leather scratch on the periphery of 8 mm (seam) Is said to be OK ⇒ Automatic cutting ⇒
Increase in yield rate (increase in profit)
【Leather】 Cutting Yield Rate Improvement Case ① (Ningbo TS)
The
disadvantage
chalk mark by
leather scratch
8 mm (within
seam allowance)
Red Line:
Product
peripheral
terminal shape
Leather
cutting products
Trim cover final sewi
ng part section
leather
leather
8mm
(縫代)
The leather
wounds are not
on the surface.
Supplementary explanation
Red line: Product
peripheral terminal
shape
Leather scratch
within 8 mm
seam tolerance
61.
0 Buffer Cutpoint
【革】 裁断歩留り率向上施策事例 ②(寧波TS) 【Leather】Cutting Yield Rate
Improvement Case ② (Ningbo TS)
ピース間隙間をなくす「0バッファ裁断」により歩留り率向上 ⇒ 布裁断と同様(歩留り率
向上=収益向上) Eliminate gaps between pieces. Improve yield by "0 buffer
cutting" ⇒Just like cloth cutting (increase in yield rate = improvement in profitability)
革 leather
・皮の種類と特徴 Typesand characteristics of leather
・革主要加工フロー Leather main processing flow
・革のできるまで(略図/写真)Until leather can be made (schematic / photograph)
・革断面と塗装工程変更経緯(自給革)A leather section and painting process
change process (self-support leather)
・客先要件と品質保証(自給革) Customer requirement and quality assurance
(self-sufficiency leather)
・SPEC重要項目事例(学振磨耗性試験) SPEC Important Items Example
(vibration resistance test)
・革剥れ主要要因/影響度 Leather peeling Main factor / impact
・ Harako :The leather of the calf from the fetus. It is often taken from a calf (belly) that was on the
belly of a cow that died before giving birth. Almost garbage doesn't get. It is now possible to include
up to 10 kg of calf.
・ Baby calf : Processed with tannin tanning, fetal-leather of calves up to three months of age.
・ calf : The leather which can be made from calf until about 6 months of age. Because it is a calf,
there are few scratches and supple luxury items.
・ A kip : 生6 months later- leather that can be made from cattle up to about 2 years. There is no
word kip on the European skin. Small Cobb cows are often included in kip.
・ Stea Hyde : The most common leather that can be made from castrated cattle more than 2 years
old.
・ Cow Hyde : Leather that can be made from cattle with birth experience of about 2 years old. In
general, it is thinner and stiffer than Stihide.
・ Bull : Leather that can grow from bulls that grew without being castrated and that was over 3
years old since birth. It is thick and has strength.
・ Interior feature : Leather which processed inner leather which can be made from cattle consumed
in the country.Hair Wagyu (beef), Holstein (dairy cows, steers), etc.
水漬・石灰漬
Tanning (tan)
Scraping
Painting
Drying
packing
Main processingflow of Leather
Arrival of Raw
material
Inspection and
testing
:Raw rice imported by salted is stored in a warehouse at low
temperature
:Removes salt and dirt from salted hides, and hair removal with
chemicals
:By scraping the back side, the entire surface is made uniform to the
specified thickness
:It is repeatedly painted thinly with spray, machine etc.
:put leather on the net and switch between leather and
stretch.
:The test is set according to the specifications defined for the
application.
: After packing based on packing load setting,
shipping to Customer
:Remove unnecessary proteins and fat from the raw drum of large
drums, treat them with chemical substances, give durability, heat
resistance, flexibility.
Raw is theraw material of leather:
Cowhide mainly ⇒ imported from
North America, South America, the
Netherlands, New Zealand, etc.
(which is also produced in China
but small)
Raw rice imported by
salted is stored in a
warehouse at low
temperature.
Rinse the salt and
soiled soil stains
and use alkaline
chemicals such as
slaked lime
Scraping mechanical
fat like attached to the
back side of the skin
when peeling off the
hides
The Leather
thickness classified
according to
purpose of use was
determined by
skiving and was
classified as silver
layer and floor skin.
Remove unnecessary proteins
and fat from the raw drum of
large drums, treat them with
chemical substances, give
durability, heat resistance,
flexibility. After this process, it
turns into "leather" ⇒ "leather".
This is called "wet blue" and it
becomes leather with high
heat resistance and chemical
resistance
Water squeezing that
reduces moisture
contained in leather
to a certain amount.
① Import of raw leather ② raw storage ③水漬け・石灰漬け ④ Freshing
⑤ Split
⑥ Tanning (tan)
⑦ Water squeeze
⑧ Grading / screening
Scrape the entire back side and align
the entire surface to the specified
thickness
⑨ Shaving
To the drying process
Add dyes and grease to give softness, skin,
color etc according to the application
⑩ Re-tanning · greasing · dyeing
① until leather can be done [preparation ~ Tanning ~ Dyeing process]
Leather has various scratches such as
scratches attached during grazing,
insect bites, burns. Depending on the
degree of damage, these leathers are
classified according to usage
Squeeze the moisture
containedin the leather,
extend the leather work,
easy to dry in the next
step
⑪ stretched ⑫ Drying (wet toggle) ⑬ vibration
Until leather can be made ② 【Drying process】
Leather which dried
fibers by vibration
or air process and
dried, when fibers
are fixed and given
adequate moisture
to mature.
The most
troublesome method.
put the leather on
the net, and change
the elasticized
leather one by one
⑭ Milling (blank strike)
Improve the touch of
leather and soften
(loosen the fiber)
removes dirt and
scratches on the
surface of silver and
makes smooth and
uniform skin.
⑮ Buffing
Repeat thin coatinglike paint with
spray, brush paint / machine etc. It
creates delicate skin and deep gloss
without compromising softness
⑯ Painting · Roll coater ⑰ Embossing (throttling)
Place the leather
between the hot plate on
the surface and the felt,
press the pattern with
pressure and emboss
the customer's request
⑱ Characteristics testing and visual inspection
The test items are set
according to the
specification and
according to the
application.
⑲Measurement
The sale of leather
products is an area
unit. Measuring area
automatically with a
measuring instrument
⑳ Packing / shipping
Every day, leather
goods are delivered to
Japan and around the
world and used in
various fields.
Until leather can be made ③ [Finishing process ~ Shipping]
77.
•水漬・石灰漬け
Pickled · limepickled
鞣(なめし)
Tanning (tanned)
水絞り
Water squeeze
裏削り
Back grinding
染色
staining
乾燥
Drying
バフィング
Buffing
塗装
Painting
原皮保管
Leather Storage
空打
Runawa
y
バイブレーション
vibration
型押(絞)
Embossing (drawing
)
革の出来るまで④ 【現場写真】 Until Leather Production ④ [Field Photos]
Annual 05~07 0707 12
Model WB, WQ, UH ZQ WQ,UH,ZQ 2WS
Product
cross
section
Changi
ng
point
-
Change the base
spray and base roll
order to improve
wear level
As wear measures,
the topcoat coating
amount UP
Changing top coat
formulation (softening)
for improvement of
tactile sensation
Top
Spray 6.0 (3.0×2回) 6.0 (3.0×2回) 7.5 (2.5×3回) 10.0 (2.5×4回)
Color
Spray 6.0 (3.0×2回) 6.0 (3.0×2回) 6.0 (3.0×2回) 3.0(3.0×1回)
Base
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0
Total 23.0 24.5
leather
Base spray
Base roll
Color Spray
Top Spray
スプレー
ロール sprayー
Roll
spray
Roll
spray
Roll
Wear measures
自給革品質保証 及び 商品性向上に向け立上げよりモデル切替毎 塗装工程変更
Change of coating process by model switching from start up for self-sufficiency quality assurance and
merchantability improvement
A leather section and painting process change process (self-support leather)
(Unit: μm)
Customer quality requirementand quality assurance ② [Self-sufficiency leather]
SPEC Critical items: items that affect the market claim of merchantability and leather peeling ⇒
thickness, hue, gloss, rigid softness (BLC), vibration abrasion resistance test, taber abrasion test,
etc. ⇒ various inspections and tests conducted as a quality assurance of self-sufficiency leather
(Qingdao Yongchang/ningbo ts)
Merchantability
Thickness Hue Gloss Bending resistance
Confirmation of leather
thickness uniformity
Master contrast (visual and
numerical)
Master contrast (visual,
numerical value)
Leather softness confirmation
Merchantability function
BLC Vibration resistance test Taber abrasion test
Correlation test changing to
stiffness
Leather peeling presence check
test
Leather peeling presence check
test
Sampling
from leather
designation
site
85
grade Level ofwear
5 Abrasion is not accepted at all
4 Slight wear is observed but inconspicuous (no undercoating exposure)
3 Abrasion is slightly accepted clearly (there is exposure of the groundwork)
2 Exposure of the groundwork is slightly remarkable
1 Exposure of the groundwork is remarkable
OK
NG
OK
(4th grade)
NG
(1st grade)
【Determination method】
【 test method for vibration-resistant wear 】
SPEC Important Items Example [vibration resistance test]
F / C hanging part
F / B bank section
Cotton canvas
45R
Test pieces
Friction element
Test pieces
Load
arm
weight
Friction
element
①Cotton canvas (equivalent to JIS
L3102 No. 6) was cut to 30 x 250 mm,
and it was mounted on the academic
wave abrasion tester
(2) A specimen of 10 × 50 mm was taken
from a prescribed part and attached to a
school vibration abrasion tester which was
worn for 20,000 times under a load of 1 kg,
and the surface condition was confirmed
The spec requirements are not satisfactory and the leather peeling market claims ⇒ 、 A
large amount of cost-of-self-sufficiency leather: All-Lot Testing (Qingdao Yongchang
shipping + Ningbo TS acceptance)
【Cases of test specimen judgment】
Coating film
peeling + base
exposure
[Leather peeling market claims cases]
Lead peeling mainfactor / influence degree
Step Management item (factor) Degree of influence (guess developmental events)
Compounding
process
Cross linker formula: many The coating is cured
Crosslinked formulation: less / none Physical properties significantly reduced
Silicon Formulation: many Coating interface adhesion failure
Silicon Formulation: little / None Significantly reduced wear properties
Silicon wax formulation: many Coating interface adhesion failure
Silicon wax formulation: less A lot of garbage sticking
Silicon wax formulation: None A lot of garbage sticking, covering problem
combination method: Foaming by stirring
combination method: Defoaming after stirring
Painting
process
Pot life: time over Peeling of coating film
Coating amount: less Reduction of wear
Each step: time over Decrease of adhesion strength between coatings
Between Topcoat I and II: Overtime Decrease in adhesion of coating film
Color coat ~ top coat: time over Decrease in adhesion of coating film
乾燥工程 Drying temperature: low / not dried Reduced of wear
Drying temperature: high / over dried Incompatible 、 wettability : decreased
adhesion of coating film
Drying time: short / non-dried Reduced of wear
Drying time: long / over dried Decrease in adhesion of coating film
「配合量管理・塗布量管理・塗装時間管理・乾燥温度/時間管理」の徹底が最重要管理項目"The amount
management ・ coating amount Management ・ coating time management ・ drying temperature/Time management" is the
most important management item
A cross linker:
Cross-linker
(chemical
substance
necessary to
build a bridge,
and to form a
chain bridging in
structure)
耐熱/耐薬品/耐水に優れた(化学的に安定な)ポリエステルが主流
Polyester with excellentheat resistance / chemical resistance /water resistance
(chemically stable) mainstream
Material Positive negative
Nylon
Elasticity
light
water resistant
Heat-resistant
Light fastness
There are 66 nylon and 6 nylon, but 6 nylon is the
main
Heat resistance: 66 nylon> 6 nylon
Dyeability: 66 Nylon <6 Nylon
polyester
Heat-resistant
chemical resistance
water resistant
pilling
acrylic
Elasticity
light
Light fastness
Chargeability
water resistant
pilling
Vinylon
Abrasion resistance
Light fastness
chemical resistance
hard
: Three large
synthetic fibers
Specific
gravity: 1.38
Specific
gravity: 1.28
Type of fiber
91.
【ポリエステルの製造】[Manufacture of polyester]
紡糸の状況
Spinningsituation
ノズルの口金
Nozzle base
ポリエステル チップ
Polyester chip
溶融紡糸
Melt spinning
溶融・押し出し成形により、紡糸(口金の素材により黄変する不具合事例もあり)
Melting / extrusion molding, spinning (there may be a case of failing yellowing due to die material)
紡 糸(ぼうし)Spinning (hat)
Types of polyesterfilament yarn
※Differential shrinkage melee yarn
· Combination of different heat shrinkage to make one
thread
※Woolly textured yarn
· Flexible softened (also called bulky textured yarn)
※Light thread (BR)
· Shiny one
※Semi-dry thread (SD)
· Standard gloss
※Fulder thread (FD)
· Misplaced glossy
Titanium oxide
Control by content
The above five types are common "polyester filament yarn"
【Types of polyester filament yarn】
Refer to actual
sample
1. Thickness, fineness,yarn thickness
item Contents Remarks
D (denier) The thickness of the yarn is 1g per 9000m From French denom denier
tex (tex) The thickness of the yarn is 1g per 1000m From English textile
Dtex (decitex) The thickness of the yarn is 1g per 10000m
2. Twisted (more)
* There are two kinds of threads, "spun yarn (span)" and "filament"
1. span : Twisted to "short fiber (staple)," a collection of "cotton", which was a long thread
2.ILLUMENT: "Long fiber (filament)" was twisted into a single thread by tens
Right
Let's remember to the left.
Basic terms of fiber
・ In the case of a single thread (Tenshi), it usually becomes a left twist (more),
which is called "Z twist (more)".
・In the case of a single yarn, twist them so that the two twisted yarns become
"twisted". Thread texture depends on the strength of this thread
Textile is amaterial that is similar to yarns or threads, combined with
vertical and horizontal, intersected by a certain rule, and finished in a
flat shape. A yarn in the longitudinal direction of the fabric is called a
warp yarn, and a yarn in the width direction of the fabric is called a weft
yarn.
What is the foundation of textile organization?
"Plain woven", “Twill woven, "satin woven.
This is called "Mihara organization" or "original organization".
Plain woven Twill woven Satin woven
Textile ① 【Foundation of textile organization】 Actual sample
reference
99.
織物組織のうち最も簡単なもので、タテ・ヨコ2本ずつで組織が
作られ、いずれの糸も1本ごとに浮沈して交錯している。
It is thesimplest one of the textile organization, and the organization is
made by two vertical and horizontal, and each thread is downs and
crosses each one.
各種の原料を用いて、無地物、縞、絣織物、その他糸の太さ、
撚りなどを応用し、各種の織物をつくることができる。
Using a variety of raw materials, plain objects, stripes, splashed fabrics,
the thickness of other yarn, by applying the twist, it is possible to make
various fabrics.
平織 Plain woven
主な平織の製品
Main plain weave products :
:かなきん、浴衣地、ダンガリー etc
Kanakin, Yukata area, Dungaree etc.
織物② 【平織】 Textile ② [Plain woven]
・ソフトウィ-ブ (呼称:SW)· Soft weave (name: SW)
現物サンプル
参照
Actual sample
reference
100.
斜文織(しゃもんおり)とは、綾織(あやおり)とも呼ばれる。
経糸(たていと)・緯糸(よこいと)三本以上から構成される
織物組織の一種。
We are alsocalled oblique texture (squid), twill woven (Ayari). A type of woven
fabric composed of three or more warps (weft) and weft (yoko).
浮き沈みした組織点が、斜紋線または綾線と呼ばれる線
を斜めに表す。
The top and bottom tissue points show oblique lines called oblique lines or
radial lines.
平織りに比べると摩擦に弱く強度に欠けるが、地合は密
で柔らかく、伸縮性に優れ、皺がよりにくい。
Compared to ordinary fabrics, it is weak against friction and lacks strength,
but it is dense, soft and does not have supple and wrinkle.
斜文織 Twill woven
主な斜文織の製品
Product of the main twill weave
:ジーンズ・ツィード(ヘリンボーン)、綿ネル etc
: Jeans-Tweed (herringbone), cotton flannel etc
織物③ 【斜文織】 Textile ③ [twill woven] 現物サンプル
参照
Actual sample
reference
101.
朱子織(しゅすおり)は、経糸(たていと)・緯糸(よこいと)
五本以上から構成される、織物組織の一つである。
Satin weave (satincage) is one of the textile organizations comprised of warp
(Warp), five wefts (weft) or more.
経・緯どちらかの糸の浮きが非常に少なく、経糸または
緯糸のみが表に表れているように見える。
The warp or weft of the thread is very low, and only the heck or the yarn
appears in the table.
密度が高く地は厚いが、柔軟性に長け、光沢が強い。
但し、摩擦や引っかかりには弱い。
三元組織の中では一番弱い。
The density is high, the soil is thick, but it has excellent flexibility and strong
gloss.
However, it is weak to friction and caught.
It is the weakest in the three-way organization.
朱子織 satin woven
主な斜文織の製品
Product of the main twill weave
:サテン織、ドレス生地、ドレープのカーテン etc
: Satin weave, dress fabric, drape curtains etc
織物④ 【朱子織】Textile ④ [satin woven] 現物サンプル
参照
Actual sample
reference
102.
縦糸と横糸に化学繊維(ポリエステルなど)
の糸を織り込んで多数のパイルを作る。
様々な色の糸をパイルとして織り込むことに
より模様をつける。
Making a largenumber of piles incorporate the yarn
chemical fiber (such as polyester) in warp and weft.
Attaching a pattern by weaving a variety of color yarn as a
pile.
肌触りが滑らかで、耐久性が高く長持ちする
ため、長期間にわたり使用される。
航空機・鉄道車両・バス・高級乗用車の
座席の表地に使用される。
It is used for a long period because it is smooth, durability
and long lasting. Used for the seating area of aircraft,
railroad cars, buses and luxury passenger cars.
モケット(パイル織)
Moquette (woven pile)
主な製品 :ベルベット、絨毯、段通
Main product :Velvet, carpet, cotton carpet
織物⑤ 【パイル織物】 Textiles ⑤ [Pile fabrics]
(呼称:MQ) (Designation: MQ)
現物サンプル
参照
Actual sample
reference
It is possibleto make a knitted fabric while the loop goes in the
horizontal direction. In order to form a single knitted fabric, there
is a property that it can be easily melted and stocking is easy.
However, there is more elasticity than warp knitting (tatami).
Underwear, stockings, jerseys
Tenjiku :Tenjiku
It is a type of double-sided stitch,
also called interlock stitch. 1 x 1
rib knitting overlaps in duplicate
and it is a knitted fabric with the
same front and back and smooth.
It is the most basic organization of expressive knitting (Hiraami),
weft knitting (yokoami), knitting it with one row of needles.
The surface of the knitted area is characterized by appearing on
the table of the loop.
(Interlock)
Knitting ③ [Jersey]
Jersey
(Designation: JR)
Actual sample
reference
Finishing process PurposeTarget varieties
Dyeing
Embrittlement of the grant yarns of various
colours (embrittlement) prevention
Textiles · moquette (generally dyed
before) knit (generally dyed after)
Brushed Improvement of product value by fluff Textile · tricot
Brushing
(Hair cleavage)
Improvement of commodity value by hair
opening
Moquette
Shearing
(Shearing)
Hair regulation after napping or hair
cleaving
Textile, Moquette, Tricot
Resin processing · set
· Shrinkage reduction, wrinkle reduction,
form retention
· Guarantee of general physical properties
and light resistance
· Flame retardant, water repellent,
antifouling processing etc
tricot
Back coating
·set
· Morphology, weight retention and texture
impartation
· Guarantee of general physical properties
and durability
· Flame retardant back coating
Textile, moquette jersey
Purpose of various processing
Type of sheetskin material summary
Moquette
fabric
…(vertical) yarn and weft yarn, and cross-right intersection structure
A piled fabric featuring pile yarns interwoven between
fabric texture [HM term designation: MQ]
It consists of warp and weft
【HM Term designation: Soft weave / S
tricot
Double Russell
Jersey
Sinker Pile
…Fabric woven in the direction of loop-like yarn
Fabric woven in the direction of loop-like yarn
The most popular skin material
【HM Term designation: TR】
It consists of organizations that doubly knit
tricot 【HM Term: DR】
Surface material which became popular
recently 【HM Term designation: JR】
There is no demand in recent years though the door
substitution material of the knit moquette knitting the pile
yarn in the jersey organization is main
Round Knitting
(Weft/Horizontal
knitting)
Knitting (vertical)
fabric
…The generic name of the fabric that weaves the yarn into the loop. They
rich in elasticity
Knitting (knit)
海外駐在経験談 Overseas Experience
品質管理部中川
QCD Nakagawa
これは個人の実際経験した
中で感じた事や気付いた点を
まとめた。今後、海外駐在す
る機会があれば参考にしてほ
しい。
This is a summary of what I felt while
actually experiencing personal
experiences and noticed the point. If
there is have any chance to live
overseas in future, I want you to refer 。