The document provides an educational overview of the four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative, along with an explanation of sentence structure and types, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It discusses the use of punctuation, such as periods, question marks, and various conjunctions, to correctly form and connect sentences. Additionally, the document includes examples to illustrate proper sentence formation and punctuation rules.

1. FRIDAY, September 7, 2012
Bellringer: Please answer in your
journal:
1. Journal Prompt (min 3 sentences)
-What is the best advice you ever
received?
2. What are the four basic kinds of
sentences?

2. Kinds of
Sentences
© Brent Coley 2008 | www.mrcoley.com

3. There are four
different kinds of
sentences.

4. Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence
makes a statement. It
ends with a period.
He likes pepperoni pizza.
The umbrella is green.
Mrs. Smith is a teacher.

5. Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence
asks a question. It ends
with a question mark.
Do you like pepperoni pizza?
Have you seen my umbrella?
Who is your teacher?

6. Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence
shows strong feeling. It
ends with an exclamation
point.
Hooray!
Wow! That’s great news!

7. Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence
gives a command. It
ends with a period.
Go to your room.
Throw me the ball.
Bob, please close the door.

8. Sentence Structure
Sentence Types

10. Sentence Types
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex

11. Basic Elements
of
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE

12. Basic Elements
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Mary plays tennis.

13. SIMPLE SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate

14. Simple Sentence
Tom and Mary play tennis.
Compound Subject
&

15. Simple Sentence
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &

16. SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.

17. SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

18. Hi,
I’m Punctuation Pete!

19. SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
No comma before “and”
in compound
subjects and predicates!

20. Compound Sentence with
Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT PREDICATE

21. Compound Sentence
Tom swims,
and
Mary plays tennis.

22. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

23. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent

24. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

25. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

26. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent

27. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Note: Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

28. Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes
called “floating” adverbs because
they can be positioned at the
beginning, in the middle, or at the
end of a clause.

29. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

30. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

31. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Note: Place commas before and
after a conjunctive adverb
in the middle!

32. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE END
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

33. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE END
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Note: Place a comma before
a conjunctive adverb
at the end!

34. Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas
expressed in the main clauses is
very close and obvious without a
conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon” (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).

35. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise
program; he is slim and energetic.

36. Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT PREDICATE

37. Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
even though
he is ugly.

38. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
ADVERB CLAUSES BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS

39. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent

40. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent

41. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
When the MAIN clause is first,
it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!

42. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
When the ADVERB clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

43. Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular
because
he is good looking,
but
he is not very happy.

44. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:
COMBINES BOTH TYPES
Mike is popular because he is good
looking, but he is not very happy.
Punctuate each clause
according to its rules!

45. Punctuation
Review!

46. SIMPLE SENTENCE
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling
every weekend.
No commas before “and” in
compound subjects and predicates!

47. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
Men may exercise harder, but they may not
exercise as regularly as women do.
Comma before coordinating
conjunction!

48. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; however, some schools fail to
distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb
Comma after conjunctive
adverb!

49. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; some schools, however, fail to
distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon after first
independent clause--
Commas before and after conjunctive
adverb!

50. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb at the end
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; some schools fail to distinguish
between these groups, however.
Semicolon after first
independent clause--
Comma before conjunctive
adverb!

51. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction
People had continuous moderate
exercise when they had to hunt for food.
When main clause is first,
it is not usually followed by a comma!

52. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction
When people had to hunt for food, they had
continuous moderate exercise.
When the adverb clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

53. References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice
Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley,
Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and
Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.