1) The document discusses calculating a Scrum Efficiency Index (SEI) to compare the productivity of different time periods with varying staffing levels. 2) The SEI is calculated by dividing a period's velocity (work completed) by the total productive hours for that period. 3) An example compares two periods - Period 1 had a velocity of 26 from 300 hours for a SEI of 0.09, while Period 2 had a velocity of 50 from 120 hours for a SEI of 0.42, showing a 78% improvement in efficiency.