Hip-hop sampling originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and involves using sounds from other songs to create new instrumentals. Early samplers included the Chamberlin 100 and Mellotron, while the AKAI MPC2000 became popular in 1997. Sampling is commonly used to create back beats for rap, R&B, and hip-hop songs. However, it can raise legal issues around copyright infringement, as seen in one of the earliest cases involving James Tenney. The document concludes that most hip-hop songs today still incorporate sampling, while noting the importance of obtaining rights to avoid legal problems.