The document provides an introduction to the Sama Veda, one of the four Vedas. It discusses that Sama Veda contains 1875 mantras or verses from the Rig Veda set to melodies. It also describes the three recensions of Sama Veda and how the verses are grouped into chapters. Finally, it briefly explains the process of transforming the mantras into songs through adding notation and discusses an error detection method used to preserve the text orally.
Nadi is Sanskrit word that can be translated as “tube,” “channel” or “flow.” It refers to the network of channels through which energy travels through the body.
major focus of Hatha yoga is balancing the nadis, and one of the most effective methods of doing so is a form of pranayama called nadi shodhana, or alternate nostril breathing. It is often included at the end of an asana practice
Rightly called the laboratory of architecture, Bagalkote - is a district carved out of Vijayapura (Bijapur) district recently; it’s a haven of natural reserves like lime stone, granite, pink granite, dolomite and more. The natural reserves lend itself to manufacturing cement, with large national players building a stronghold here. Bagalkote’s total GDP stands at INR 59. 02 billions contributing 1.9%to state GSDP. With the per capita annual income in the district being INR.50, 765. However, the GDDP trend has been growing at 3% CAGR from 2007-8 to 2012-13; with the construction and manufacturing sectors as the highest contributors at 44% and 43% respectively to the secondary sector for 2012-13.
presentation tries to focus on housing, its role and importance for communities and also how it can be made cost- effective in the background of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna
Integrated Village Development Plan | Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajas...Vijay Meena
Structure
Introduction
Methodology
Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajasthan, India
Area profile
Findings and analysis
Demographic profile
Village development plan
Convergence with the government schemes
Financial Operating Plan of various proposals and schemes.
In detail about prestige smart kitchen and list of products and services that are offered by prestige smart kitchen in Bangalore and in India.
All the details that are presented in the ppt are true and these are taken from the website of prestige and some other information collected from an outlet that is located in Bangalore.
Hyderabad is the combined capital city of two states Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh spread across an area of 625 square kilometer
The civic administration and infrastructure development in the city is
being taken care by the municipal authority of the city GHMC (erstwhile
MCH). The scope for expansion and further development of the city has
given rise to several urban planning authorities which were formed
individually and later merged to form a single authority called HMDA
(erstwhile HUDA)
Nadi is Sanskrit word that can be translated as “tube,” “channel” or “flow.” It refers to the network of channels through which energy travels through the body.
major focus of Hatha yoga is balancing the nadis, and one of the most effective methods of doing so is a form of pranayama called nadi shodhana, or alternate nostril breathing. It is often included at the end of an asana practice
Rightly called the laboratory of architecture, Bagalkote - is a district carved out of Vijayapura (Bijapur) district recently; it’s a haven of natural reserves like lime stone, granite, pink granite, dolomite and more. The natural reserves lend itself to manufacturing cement, with large national players building a stronghold here. Bagalkote’s total GDP stands at INR 59. 02 billions contributing 1.9%to state GSDP. With the per capita annual income in the district being INR.50, 765. However, the GDDP trend has been growing at 3% CAGR from 2007-8 to 2012-13; with the construction and manufacturing sectors as the highest contributors at 44% and 43% respectively to the secondary sector for 2012-13.
presentation tries to focus on housing, its role and importance for communities and also how it can be made cost- effective in the background of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna
Integrated Village Development Plan | Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajas...Vijay Meena
Structure
Introduction
Methodology
Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajasthan, India
Area profile
Findings and analysis
Demographic profile
Village development plan
Convergence with the government schemes
Financial Operating Plan of various proposals and schemes.
In detail about prestige smart kitchen and list of products and services that are offered by prestige smart kitchen in Bangalore and in India.
All the details that are presented in the ppt are true and these are taken from the website of prestige and some other information collected from an outlet that is located in Bangalore.
Hyderabad is the combined capital city of two states Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh spread across an area of 625 square kilometer
The civic administration and infrastructure development in the city is
being taken care by the municipal authority of the city GHMC (erstwhile
MCH). The scope for expansion and further development of the city has
given rise to several urban planning authorities which were formed
individually and later merged to form a single authority called HMDA
(erstwhile HUDA)
Charla informtiva: Acup en Medicina Veterinaria Facebook 24 9-14Directora
Realizada mediante webinar: Pautas básicas de la filosofía china aplicadas en la medicina animal. Realizada por lla Dra Adriana Moiron. IMAVAT Argentina
En el Aula Virtual online de Educagratis ( http://www.educagratis.org ) es posible encontrar un Curso de Osteopatía (http://medicina.educagratis.org ).
La Osteopatía es una medicina Manual que surge a finales del siglo XIX de la mano de un médico estadounidense llamado Andrew Taylor Still.
Es una medicina manual que no medica, trata mediante un diagnóstico y tratamiento realizado mediante manipulaciones.
La Osteopatía no busca curar el síntoma solamente, sino investigar de donde proviene. De esta manera trata la causa del problema, evitando la reincidencia del mismo y el desarrollo de enfermedades que se producen con el tiempo cuando se trata el síntoma y no la causa.
Para ingresar directo ir a: http://www.educagratis.org/moodle/course/view.php?id=991
Otros cursos Medicina, Psicología y Salud en http://medicina.educagratis.org
Veda Trayi – Three Vedas – Rig, Sama, Yajush
Rig Veda – Jnana or Kknowledge
Yajur Veda – Karma or Action
Sama Veda – Bhakti or Devotion
Sama Veda is foremost.
“Among the Vedas I am Sama Veda”
Vedanama Sama Vedo’smi –Gita 10.22
Short Written Assignment PromptBased upon the reading for this .docxmanningchassidy
Short Written Assignment Prompt:
Based upon the reading for this module and the below video discuss the use of the raga in Indian Classical Music. You need to cite one specific example from the module reading and two others from the below video (include in-text citations). This assignment should be a minimum of 250 words in length and your thoughts and opinions. This assignment is submitted via VeriCite and will be checked for plagiarism using a database of previously submitted assignments. Make sure to include your references at the end of your submission in MLA, APA or Chicago formats (use what you are the most familiar with). See the linked Purdue OWL site for examples and for proper formats.Short Written Assignment Submission using MLA format:
Word Count: 425Short Written Assignment #1: The use of Raga in Indian Classical Music
Indian classical music has two major traditions: Hindustani, which is the North Indian tradition, and Carnatic, which is the South Indian tradition. Each tradition constitutes its own system of musical theory and composition but both share the fundamental element known as raga. Raga in the Indian classical musical is said to consist of a set of melodic tones. Ragas can also be considered as the formulas for the melody in the Indian classical music. Our textbook on Music of India explains raga to be a set of melodic patterns which are characterized in part by specific ascent and descent (2). The Textbook also states that certain other characteristics such as King (Vadi) , Queen (Samvadi) notes and a unique note phrase (pakad) which helps to differentiate one raga from other (3). Other important and interesting information retrieved from the text is that each raga has its natural register (Ambit) and glissando (Meend) rules; the raga structure of each raga has different styles and compositions (3).
Ravi Shankar explains in the video that the raga is based on one of the 72 different octave scales and each note within the rage can be improvised by the musician. Because of this, there exist many different ragas in classical Indian music (5:14). The importance of a note can make one raga completely different from other. He showed this by an example of two ragas – Raga Bhupali and Raga Deshkar (12:32). They both had similar and almost same notes but they differ in certain
rd
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importance of notes, for example. Raga Bhupali had its 3 ascent or descent would be on the two notes. In Raga Deshkar the importance was given on the 6 note thus changing the whole raga. Shankar discusses how important the notes and pakad are to tell the actual raga. He explained how difficult it is to guess the raga without disclosing the name or pakad of raga.
and 5
note importance and usually an
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I think that Indian classical music is very complex and interesting. Indian music is so distinct from Western music and because of its scale, it is easy to recognize. I think that Indian classical music is very unique sounding and it seems a lot more ...
Khamas is a very evocative raga, and all new comers use ‘sujana jeevana’ as their key to this raga. Sankarabharam, though a Telugu movie, became a big hit; who would not remember its ‘brocheva’?
BHAKTAMAR STOTRA TRANSLATION PPS, PART 1 OF 2, 110109
BHAKTAMAR STOTRA WITH MEANING:
BHAKTAMAR STOTRA HAS BEEN COMPOSED BY ACHARYA SHRI MANTUNG SURI IN PRAISE OF THE FIRST TIRTHANKAR ,RISHABHADEV BHAGWAN.
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Context Free Grammar is a prime tool for specifying rules to verify the syntax of any language.This paper aims to classify Tamil poems into its subclasses by framing their CFGs. Initially,
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Classification of tamil poetry using context free grammar using tamil grammar...csandit
Context Free Grammar is a prime tool for specifying rules to verify the syntax of any language.
This paper aims to classify Tamil poems into its subclasses by framing their CFGs. Initially,
tokenization is done where vowels (short syllables) and consonants (long syllables) are
identified, followed by ‘asai’ analysis, ‘seer’ analysis. We then compute ‘Thalai’, which is
essential to distinguish among the ‘Paas’. We verify the found ‘Paa’ with the determined ‘osai’.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
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For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
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The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
1. Sama Veda
SRI AUROBINDO KAPALI SHASTRY INSTITUTE OF VEDIC CULTURE
#63, 13th Main, 4th Block East, Jayanagar
Bangalore – 560 011
Phone: +91-80-26556315
Email: info@vedah.com
Web: www.vedah.org
2. Sama Veda
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Sama, Rik, Yajus Connection
Text of the Song
Chanting & Error Correcting Code
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SAKSIVC Page 2 of 7
3. Sama Veda
Introduction to Samaveda
Samaveda is the third of the collections of Vedic mantras. It has exactly 1875
mantras or verses, each of which has a specific metre. The texts of most of
these verses are in the Rigveda Samhita which has 10,552 verses, i.e., the text
of each mantra of Samaveda is identical to the text of some mantra of Rigveda
Samhita, but the corresponding mantras of the two Samhitas differ in their
notation for intonation.
Samaveda is the earliest known systematic procedure for giving a melody to a
chanted verse. Most persons who have heard with devotion the singing of
Samaveda verses will attest to the sense of exhilaration or ecstasy experienced
by them. It is no wonder that the famous epic poem Bhagavad Gita [Chap. 10,
Verse 22] in the epic Mahabharata declares that the Samaveda is the best
among the four Vedas. Each Sama vedic mantra contains in it not only the deep
meaning of the counter part of Rig vedic mantra but also has the added
dimension of music. Samaveda is the foundation for all systems of music in the
subcontinent of India.
Recensions
Samaveda itself has three recensions namely Kouthumiya, rahayaniya and
jaiminiya. The first two are identical in both text and intonation, they differ from
each other only in grouping of the verses or mantras into adhyayas etc. This is
the text given here. The Jaimini recension has fewer mantras, only 1693, but it
has more ganas or final songs namely 3681. The distinction between the texts of
these recensions is discussed in the edition by Satvalekar.
Each chapter or adhyaya takes verses for different mandalas of the Rigveda. For
instance the first ten mantras of the first adhyaya of Samaveda having 11
mantras have same text as following RV Samhita: 6.16.10, 4.16.1, 1.12.1,
6.16.34, 8.73.1, 8.60.1, 8.11.7, 6.16.13. the eleventh mantra has no
corresponding RV mantra.
The reason is that compiler made the selection based on musical considerations.
All verses in the same adhyaya or decade have one common metre and one
deity. All the deities present in RV are also present in this subset of RV verses,
except that the verses for Pavamana Soma are numerous.
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SAKSIVC Page 3 of 7
4. Sama Veda
Sama, Rk and Yajus-Connections
Three types of mantras and four collections
In the Vedic books, there are three types of mantras, namely Rk, Yajus and
Sama. A verse with a metre is Rk. A prose verse without metre is Yajus. A verse
used for singing is Saman. The same text of verse, say in RV (6.16.10), can be
chanted as a Rk mantra or as a Sama mantra as in the first verse of Samaveda.
Rigveda is the collection of all Rks to be chanted. Yajurveda is the collection of
all mantras useful in rituals; it includes all Yajus mantras and some mantras in
Rigveda. Similarly Samaveda is made of all Sama verses. Atharvaveda consists
mainly of Rks and some Yajus. All the four collections are equally sacred.
Samaveda and Rigveda
It was mentioned that the texts of most of the Samaveda verse came from
Rigveda. The complete recession of Rigveda available today is Shakala. Of the
1875 mantras, 1770 are in Shakala recension of Rigveda. Another 29 verses can
be traced to the mantras of the Khila suktas of Rigveda and some slightly
modified versions of the mantras of RV. The remaining 76 mantras in Samaveda
presumably are from the recensions of RV which are lost today.
The close relationship between the Rigveda and Samaveda are mentioned in
several upanishads like Chandogya. The famous Brhadaranyaka upanishad
compares the relationship between these two upanishads to that between a
husband and wife [Br. up. 6.4.20 and Atharvaveda 14.2.71].
SAKSIVC Page 4 of 7
6. Sama Veda
Text of the Song and text of Verse
As mentioned earlier, the singing of the Samaveda Verse is not an adhoc
improvisation, but follows a strict procedure. There is a method for producing the
text for the song based on the corresponding Sama mantra. There are two
stages. In the first stage, a more elaborate scheme is introduced for marking the
text of the mantra, which is some mantra in Rigveda. For instance, the text of
first verse in Samaveda is same that of the verse (6.16.10) of Rigveda. In
Rigveda, each syllable is recited in one of three ways. Svarita [marked with a
vertical line], udatta [horizontal line below letter], anudatta [no sign on syllable].
Each verse of Samaveda is marked with one or two of seven signs, namely the
numerals 1, 2, 3 and the consonants u, ra, ka, the seventh being the absence of
any mark. This version is called he shell of the Sama verse or basic Sama verse
and is displayed on our web site and in printed books.
In the second stage, the basic text is expanded by adding new vowels, modifying
some syllables and adding numerals at various points to denote the time
duration of the singing of those syllables. This version is called as gana found
only in books specializing in Samaveda singing. The text of the gana or song is
displayed elsewhere as a gif file. For example, the first verse of Samaveda
(whose text is same as RV 6.16. 10) has three gana versions or ganas named
after the rishi who 'heard' it or developed it and their names as Gotama's parka,
Kashyap's parka. The rishi Gautama is a son or descendent of rishi Gotama.
Thus from the basic 1875 verses, we get 2722 ganas which are sung. The ganas
are divided into four categories, gramageya (ordinary folk), aranyageya (wood),
uha (guess or extrapolation), uhya (secret), the corresponding numbers being
1197, 294, 1026 and 205.
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SAKSIVC Page 6 of 7
7. Sama Veda
Chanting and Error Correcting Codes
The Samaveda texts were preserved orally long before methods of preservation
of written material became robust. Even today the emphasis is on oral mastery.
The traditionalists feel strongly that all the benefits of singing of Samaveda
accrue only when every syllable of every verse in the entire adhyaya or chapter
is chanted or sung correctly. But we do know that the printed books of vedic
hymns printed in this century in India have many errors. Moreover the pool of
persons who completely concentrate on the oral mastery of these texts is
shrinking day by day. What happens in a few decades or centuries when we
have only different versions of the different texts? How can we locate the correct
one among the many erroneous copies?
The Vedic sages were not only great spiritual savants, but also very practical
people. They envisioned the possibility of having many erroneous copies. They
developed a procedure for detecting the correct version. This procedure is similar
to the modem parity control codes in the electrical communication and computer
literature.
The great vedic scholar Pandit Sreepad Damodar Satvalekar discovered or
recognized these procedures and he details them in the (Sanskrit) introduction to
his edition of Samaveda Samhita published in 1956 (4th edition).
In this procedure, an entire adhyaya or chapter of about ten verses is regarded
as a unit. At the end of this adhyaya a syllable is given. The syllables for the first
five adhyayas are ve, kha , the, di and sha
From the syllable kha, we can infer the following numbers for the entire chapter
or adhyaya 2:
1. the number of unmarked syllables not at end of a verse in the entire
adhyaya, modulo 5: It is two.
2. the number of syllables with the udatta, marked 2u, (two symbols on the
same syllable, 2 and u being Sanskrit numeral and vowel): It is two.
3. the number of svarita symbols marked 2 ra: It is six.
One can verify that these numbers are correct by counting the corresponding
syllables. We detail the algorithm elsewhere.
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SAKSIVC Page 7 of 7