O'Flaherty explores the brutal nature of civil war through the short story "The Sniper". He establishes the character of the Republican sniper as a young, intelligent man whose eyes show he is accustomed to death due to his time fighting in the war. Through techniques like word choice and imagery, O'Flaherty depicts the violence and lack of emotion surrounding death in war. The story builds tension as the sniper kills enemies, including a woman, before experiencing remorse. The climax comes when he discovers his dead enemy is his own brother, symbolizing how civil war destroys even those closest to each other. Overall, the story effectively illustrates the divisiveness and damage caused by bitter internal conflicts.
Dose to the Dysphagia/Aspiration-Related Structures (DARS) is critical to ensure proper swallowing functions to the patients after IMRT to the head and neck region
This short document provides some suggestions for writing topic sentences and notes that there are multiple ways to construct them. It also states that the examples given can be rearranged or modified to generate additional topic sentences.
The document describes a controlling and ruthless Duke who has his wife killed out of jealousy and obsession with his name and reputation. He insists on receiving a dowry, hoards art, and is concerned with appearances, while warning listeners and controlling others in an understated manner.
This document provides guidance on writing paragraphs that analyze texts through a topic sentence structure of statement, quotation, and explanation (SQE). It advises that the topic sentence should contain key words from the question and indicate what will be discussed and why it is relevant. The statement introduces a point about the text, followed by a quotation from the text that supports the point. Finally, the explanation analyzes how the evidence backs up the statement. The document provides examples of topic sentences and emphasizes that multiple SQE portions can be used in a paragraph, linking the statements smoothly.
The document provides instructions for creating a photo slideshow with audio narration in iMovie, including dragging photos into a project, adjusting photo clip durations, recording narration, adding transitions between clips, and including sound effects.
Beowulf meets with Queen Wealthow before his final battle with the dragon, looking sad and thoughtful rather than heroic. He tells her to remember him not as a king or hero but as a flawed human being, showing he understands the difference between his true self and the myth surrounding him.
This document provides examples of textual analysis techniques for analyzing poetry, including identifying imagery like metaphor and simile, examining word choice and its connotations, recognizing sound techniques like rhyme and alliteration, and analyzing the structure of verse and how it impacts meaning. Each example gives a quote, identifies a specific technique, explains how it is used stylistically, and analyzes how it affects the interpretation of the poem.
The document discusses the traditional fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood and how it is often seen as misogynistic for punishing the female protagonist for talking to the wolf and needing to be rescued by a male. However, the story has been reinterpreted in a way that contradicts this by having the protagonist take charge of her own destiny and survive on her own. The discussion also notes how fairy tales use poetic and inclusive language to draw readers into the story world.
Dose to the Dysphagia/Aspiration-Related Structures (DARS) is critical to ensure proper swallowing functions to the patients after IMRT to the head and neck region
This short document provides some suggestions for writing topic sentences and notes that there are multiple ways to construct them. It also states that the examples given can be rearranged or modified to generate additional topic sentences.
The document describes a controlling and ruthless Duke who has his wife killed out of jealousy and obsession with his name and reputation. He insists on receiving a dowry, hoards art, and is concerned with appearances, while warning listeners and controlling others in an understated manner.
This document provides guidance on writing paragraphs that analyze texts through a topic sentence structure of statement, quotation, and explanation (SQE). It advises that the topic sentence should contain key words from the question and indicate what will be discussed and why it is relevant. The statement introduces a point about the text, followed by a quotation from the text that supports the point. Finally, the explanation analyzes how the evidence backs up the statement. The document provides examples of topic sentences and emphasizes that multiple SQE portions can be used in a paragraph, linking the statements smoothly.
The document provides instructions for creating a photo slideshow with audio narration in iMovie, including dragging photos into a project, adjusting photo clip durations, recording narration, adding transitions between clips, and including sound effects.
Beowulf meets with Queen Wealthow before his final battle with the dragon, looking sad and thoughtful rather than heroic. He tells her to remember him not as a king or hero but as a flawed human being, showing he understands the difference between his true self and the myth surrounding him.
This document provides examples of textual analysis techniques for analyzing poetry, including identifying imagery like metaphor and simile, examining word choice and its connotations, recognizing sound techniques like rhyme and alliteration, and analyzing the structure of verse and how it impacts meaning. Each example gives a quote, identifies a specific technique, explains how it is used stylistically, and analyzes how it affects the interpretation of the poem.
The document discusses the traditional fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood and how it is often seen as misogynistic for punishing the female protagonist for talking to the wolf and needing to be rescued by a male. However, the story has been reinterpreted in a way that contradicts this by having the protagonist take charge of her own destiny and survive on her own. The discussion also notes how fairy tales use poetic and inclusive language to draw readers into the story world.
Here are a few connections I see between the discussion and the story:
1. The discussion about whether you would go to war over religion or land connects to the story, which is set during a civil war that was likely over similar issues like religion, territory, politics, etc.
2. The question about what time period the story takes place connects, as the mention of a civil war suggests it occurs during a time of internal conflict within a country.
3. The discussion of where you would hide as a sniper connects to key details in the story, like the sniper hiding on a rooftop to get a tactical advantage.
4. The sad realization that the sniper shot his own brother connects to
Here are a few connections I see between the discussion and the short story:
1. The story reveals that the sniper ends up killing his own brother, showing how war can tear families apart. The discussion of frequently arguing with siblings connects to this theme.
2. The cause of the civil war in the story is not explicitly stated, mirroring real-life civil wars that are often complex with multiple underlying causes like disputes over land, resources, or ideology.
3. The discussion of whether one would fight in a war over religion or land relates to possible motivations for the civil war described in the story.
4. The old woman informing on the sniper's location could represent how war breeds distrust even between
The Republican sniper lies on a rooftop during a civil war in Dublin, watching for enemies through his field glasses. He risks lighting a cigarette but it draws fire from across the street. An armored car arrives and an old woman points out the sniper's location. The sniper shoots the man in the turret and the woman. In return, he is shot in the forearm by another sniper across the street. Using deception, he tricks the other sniper into exposing himself and shoots him dead. When he goes to examine the body, he discovers it is his own brother.
The Republican sniper lies on a rooftop during a civil war in Dublin, watching for enemies through his field glasses. He risks lighting a cigarette but puts it out when a bullet hits near him. An armored car arrives and an old woman points the sniper out, but he shoots her and the man in the turret. Wounded in his right arm, the sniper devises a plan to trick the enemy sniper on the opposite roof into exposing himself, which allows the Republican sniper to shoot and kill him. When he goes to inspect the body, he discovers it is his own brother.
1) A Republican sniper lies on a rooftop in Dublin during a civil war, observing the fighting between Republicans and Free Staters through his field glasses.
2) He comes under fire from an enemy sniper across the street and engages in a gunfight, during which he is wounded in the forearm.
3) That night, he devises a plan to trick the enemy sniper into exposing himself, and successfully shoots and kills his opponent with his revolver. However, the experience leaves him shaken and remorseful about the violence of war.
The sniper lies on a rooftop in Dublin during a civil war, observing the streets below through his rifle scope. He engages in a sniper duel with another sniper across the street. He is eventually shot in the arm but manages to kill the other sniper with his revolver. When he goes to inspect the body, he discovers to his horror that the dead sniper is actually his brother.
The poem depicts a weapons training session where a sergeant harshly instructs new soldiers. He uses crude, racist, and demeaning language to belittle the soldiers and refer to the enemy. His goal is to strip the soldiers of their humanity and individuality so they will follow orders without hesitation. He wants to ensure they have the skills to stay alive but leaves them with the ominous message that they will likely end up "dead dead dead".
The poem describes a soldier's experience during a bayonet charge in World War I. It shows the soldier awakening in a state of confusion and terror as he runs towards enemy lines under gunfire. As he runs, the soldier questions his purpose for being there and what has become of his patriotic ideals. By the end, his only motivation left is survival driven by fear and terror, as he mindlessly plunges towards the enemy.
The poem provides a vivid account of a medical orderly's perspective in a wartime field hospital. Through repetition and vivid imagery, it conveys the brutal reality, chaos, and sense of futility as endless casualties stream in. Men die on operating tables as surgeons work frantically to save lives, but there is barely time to wipe the bloodied knife between "cases" in this grim trade of war.
The document provides background information and an introduction to the short story "The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty. It describes the story as taking place in Dublin, Ireland during the 1920s civil war between Republicans and Free Staters. It prompts the reader to make predictions about the sniper character and how he will respond to being spotted by the enemy while on a rooftop. Vocabulary words from the story are also previewed.
This presentation details what is going to happen throughout our thriller movie, when it is going to happen and why it happens. I also slightly explain what effect it will have on the audience and on the narrative as a whole.
The document provides biographical information about Irish novelist and short story writer Liam O'Flaherty:
- O'Flaherty was born in 1898 in poverty in County Galway, Ireland.
- He served in the British Army during World War I and was injured in a bomb explosion in 1917.
- Many of his novels and short stories centered on the effects of war, revolution, and social upheaval in early 20th century Ireland.
- O'Flaherty died in 1984 in Dublin.
Here are a few connections I see between the discussion and the story:
1. The discussion about whether you would go to war over religion or land connects to the story, which is set during a civil war that was likely over similar issues like religion, territory, politics, etc.
2. The question about what time period the story takes place connects, as the mention of a civil war suggests it occurs during a time of internal conflict within a country.
3. The discussion of where you would hide as a sniper connects to key details in the story, like the sniper hiding on a rooftop to get a tactical advantage.
4. The sad realization that the sniper shot his own brother connects to
Here are a few connections I see between the discussion and the short story:
1. The story reveals that the sniper ends up killing his own brother, showing how war can tear families apart. The discussion of frequently arguing with siblings connects to this theme.
2. The cause of the civil war in the story is not explicitly stated, mirroring real-life civil wars that are often complex with multiple underlying causes like disputes over land, resources, or ideology.
3. The discussion of whether one would fight in a war over religion or land relates to possible motivations for the civil war described in the story.
4. The old woman informing on the sniper's location could represent how war breeds distrust even between
The Republican sniper lies on a rooftop during a civil war in Dublin, watching for enemies through his field glasses. He risks lighting a cigarette but it draws fire from across the street. An armored car arrives and an old woman points out the sniper's location. The sniper shoots the man in the turret and the woman. In return, he is shot in the forearm by another sniper across the street. Using deception, he tricks the other sniper into exposing himself and shoots him dead. When he goes to examine the body, he discovers it is his own brother.
The Republican sniper lies on a rooftop during a civil war in Dublin, watching for enemies through his field glasses. He risks lighting a cigarette but puts it out when a bullet hits near him. An armored car arrives and an old woman points the sniper out, but he shoots her and the man in the turret. Wounded in his right arm, the sniper devises a plan to trick the enemy sniper on the opposite roof into exposing himself, which allows the Republican sniper to shoot and kill him. When he goes to inspect the body, he discovers it is his own brother.
1) A Republican sniper lies on a rooftop in Dublin during a civil war, observing the fighting between Republicans and Free Staters through his field glasses.
2) He comes under fire from an enemy sniper across the street and engages in a gunfight, during which he is wounded in the forearm.
3) That night, he devises a plan to trick the enemy sniper into exposing himself, and successfully shoots and kills his opponent with his revolver. However, the experience leaves him shaken and remorseful about the violence of war.
The sniper lies on a rooftop in Dublin during a civil war, observing the streets below through his rifle scope. He engages in a sniper duel with another sniper across the street. He is eventually shot in the arm but manages to kill the other sniper with his revolver. When he goes to inspect the body, he discovers to his horror that the dead sniper is actually his brother.
The poem depicts a weapons training session where a sergeant harshly instructs new soldiers. He uses crude, racist, and demeaning language to belittle the soldiers and refer to the enemy. His goal is to strip the soldiers of their humanity and individuality so they will follow orders without hesitation. He wants to ensure they have the skills to stay alive but leaves them with the ominous message that they will likely end up "dead dead dead".
The poem describes a soldier's experience during a bayonet charge in World War I. It shows the soldier awakening in a state of confusion and terror as he runs towards enemy lines under gunfire. As he runs, the soldier questions his purpose for being there and what has become of his patriotic ideals. By the end, his only motivation left is survival driven by fear and terror, as he mindlessly plunges towards the enemy.
The poem provides a vivid account of a medical orderly's perspective in a wartime field hospital. Through repetition and vivid imagery, it conveys the brutal reality, chaos, and sense of futility as endless casualties stream in. Men die on operating tables as surgeons work frantically to save lives, but there is barely time to wipe the bloodied knife between "cases" in this grim trade of war.
The document provides background information and an introduction to the short story "The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty. It describes the story as taking place in Dublin, Ireland during the 1920s civil war between Republicans and Free Staters. It prompts the reader to make predictions about the sniper character and how he will respond to being spotted by the enemy while on a rooftop. Vocabulary words from the story are also previewed.
This presentation details what is going to happen throughout our thriller movie, when it is going to happen and why it happens. I also slightly explain what effect it will have on the audience and on the narrative as a whole.
The document provides biographical information about Irish novelist and short story writer Liam O'Flaherty:
- O'Flaherty was born in 1898 in poverty in County Galway, Ireland.
- He served in the British Army during World War I and was injured in a bomb explosion in 1917.
- Many of his novels and short stories centered on the effects of war, revolution, and social upheaval in early 20th century Ireland.
- O'Flaherty died in 1984 in Dublin.
1. Choose a short story which explores an important theme.
By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the author has
explored this theme.
·'face of a student' - charaterisation, more quotes from
same bit
·truck - word choice, imagery, more quotes from the same
bit
·shriek - include both killings, word choice, imagery,
sentence structure
·shoots other sniper - word choice, sentence structure,
tension
·discovers it's his brother - tone, climax
2. The Sniper by Liam O’Flaherty - Textual Analysis Questions
1. a) Identify readers who you think would enjoy this text,
suggesting a key theme that they would be interested in.
b) With close reference to the text, give evidence for your view.
2. ‘His face was the face of a student … used to looking at death.’
How does O’Flaherty establish the character of the sniper, right
from his first description?
3) Explain why the sniper is unsure whether or not to smoke a
cigarette.
4) How is the armoured car described? Quote two expressions and
explain their effect.
5) ‘The turret opened. … fell with a shriek into the gutter.’
Quote one aspect the language used here and discuss its effect.
6) Explain the steps the sniper takes to kill the enemy sniper.
7) ‘The Republican sniper smiled and lifted his revolver … his arm
shook with the recoil.’
How does O’Flaherty generate suspense in this paragraph using:
i)
word choice
ii)
sentence structure?
Give specific examples and explain their use.
8) ‘His enemy had been hit. …. Then it lay still.’
Quote one example of language used here and discus how it
contributes to the description of the action.
9) a) From the following, pick the phrase which best describes th e
sniper’s reaction to his enemy’s death.
i)
Relieved
ii)
Triumphant
iii)
Dejected
iv)
Confused
v)
Guilty
b) Quote an expression which helped you make your choice.
10) How successful do you think the story was at illustrating the
bitter and brutal nature of civil war? Support your answer with
detailed evidence from the text.
3. His face was the face of a student, thin and ascetic, but
his eyes had the cold gleam of the fanatic. They were
deep and thoughtful, the eyes of a man who is used to
looking at death.
'the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death' - experienced
with seeing a lot of death
'
face of a student' - young
His eyes 'were deep and thoughtful' - not naturally a killer
'cold gleam of the fanatic'
4. Technique - characterisation
Quote Analysis
'the face of a student' - young and intelligent
'cold gleam' - lacks emotion
'fanatic' - suggests obsessed with something
eyes 'were deep and thoughtful' - aware of what he is doing and wh
'the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death' - been fighting fo
a long time already.
Theme - By showing a young intelligent man in such a state,
O'Flaherty shows how civil war can change and damage people
5. Technique - imagery and word choice
Quote
Analysis
'dull panting'
- (imagery) compares it
to
a large,
possible dangerous
animal
'grey monster'
- (word choice/imagery)
big
and frightening
'advanced slowly' - creates tension and
makes it appear
menacing
'enemy car'
- (word choice) shows it
is
against the sniper
and that
apparently
everything is on
one
side or the other
'bullets would never pierce the steel' - strong
and
invincible
Theme - Shows how frightening, tense and
serious a society involved in a civil war becomes
6. Quote one example of language used here and discuss how it
contributes to the description of the action.
His enemy had been hit. He was reeling over the parapet
in his death agony. He struggled to keep his feet, but he
was slowly falling forward as if in a dream. The rifle fell
from his grasp, hit the parapet, fell over, bounded off the
pole of a barber's shop beneath and then clattered on the
pavement.
Then the dying man on the roof crumpled up and fell
forward. The body turned over and over in space and hit
the ground with a dull thud. Then it lay still.
'death agony' - emphasises pain of his death. It was
not instant and painless.
'struggled' - lack of control
'clattered' - onomatopoeia, harsh sound
'dull thud' - onomatopoeia, 'dull' meaningless, no real
feeling or respect for the dead soldier
'grasp'
- connotations of panic and desperation
'crumpled' - like a worthless bit of paper or litter
7. Technique - word choice
Quote
Analysis
'death agony' - emphasises pain of his death. It was
not instant and painless.
'struggled' - lack of control
'clattered' - onomatopoeia, harsh sound
'dull thud' - onomatopoeia, 'dull' meaningless, no real
feeling or respect for the dead soldier
'grasp'
- connotations of panic and desperation
'crumpled' - like a worthless bit of paper or litter
Theme - shows violence and lack of glamour of death in war
8. The Republican sniper smiled and lifted his revolver
above the edge of the parapet. The distance was about
fifty yards--a hard shot in the dim light, and his right arm
was paining him like a thousand devils. He took a steady
aim. His hand trembled with eagerness. Pressing his lips
together, he took a deep breath through his nostrils and
fired. He was almost deafened with the report and his
arm shook with the recoil.
'trembled' - suggested nervous or scared
'eagerness'
'shook' 'deafened'
Relatively short sentences. Describe the sniper's actions.
Building up to the final shot.
9. Techniques - word choice and sentence structure.
Quote
Analysis
'trembled'
- suggested nervous or
scared
'eagerness'
- suggests anticipation
'shook'
- violent movement
contrasts
the slow
build up
'deafened'
- violent reaction contrasts
the
slow build up
Relatively short sentences. Describe the sniper's
actions. Building up to the final shot. Makes the reader
wait for the climax.
10. The turret opened. A man's head and shoulders
appeared, looking toward the sniper. The sniper raised
his rifle and fired. The head fell heavily on the turret wall.
The woman darted toward the side street. The sniper
fired again. The woman whirled round and fell with a
shriek into the gutter.
'shriek'
'whirled'
(WC) connotations of wounded animal
(WC) connotations of dramatic,
uncontrolled
movement
lots of short sentences, describing the stages of the killing, ,
creates tension leading up to the climax of the killings
11. Technique - word choice and sentence structure
Quote
Analysis
'shriek'
(WC) connotations of wounded
animal
'whirled'
(WC) connotations of dramatic,
uncontrolled
movement
Evidence and Analysis
lots of short sentences, describing the stages of the
killing, , creates tension leading up to the climax of the
killings
12. Just then an armoured car came across the bridge
and advanced slowly up the street. It stopped on the
opposite side of the street, fifty yards ahead. The
sniper could hear the dull panting of the motor. His
heart beat faster. It was an enemy car. He wanted to
fire, but he knew it was useless. His bullets would
never pierce the steel that covered the gray monster.
dull panting
grey monster
advanced slowly
enemy car
bullets would never pierce the steel that covered
13. The sniper looked at his enemy falling and he shuddered. The
lust of battle died in him. He became bitten by remorse. The
sweat stood out in beads on his forehead. Weakened by his
wound and the long summer day of fasting and watching on
the roof, he revolted from the sight of the shattered mass of his
dead enemy. His teeth chattered, he began to gibber to
himself, cursing the war, cursing himself, cursing everybody.
He looked at the smoking revolver in his hand, and with an
oath he hurled it to the roof at his feet. The revolver went off
with a concussion and the bullet whizzed past the sniper's
head. He was frightened back to his senses by the shock. His
nerves steadied. The cloud of fear scattered from his mind and
he laughed.
14. Technique - characterisation
Quote
he '..looked at his enemy falling and he shuddered. The lust of
battle died in him. He became bitten by remorse.'
Analysis
when the adrenalin goes, the sniper faces the reality of what he
has done
Quote
revolted from the sight of the shattered mass of his dead enemy. '
Analysis
'revolted' - word choice, shows disgust
'shattered mass' - the body is no longer recognisably human
'gibber' - connotations of madness
'cursing the war, cursing himself, cursing everybody.' - angry at
the whole situation
15. The sniper darted across the street. A machine gun tore
up the ground around him with a hail of bullets, but he
escaped. He threw himself face downward beside the
corpse. The machine gun stopped.
Then the sniper turned over the dead body and looked
into his brother's face.
'darted' - (wc) quick, sneaking, in danger, scared
'a hail of bullets' - (metaphor[imagery]) lots, hail is
unpleasant and painful
'tore' - (wc/im) shows how violent the bullets are as the rip
the ground as if it's paper
16. Technique - imagery and word choice
Quote
'darted'
scared
'a hail of bullets'
'tore'
bullets
ground as if it's
Analysis
- (wc) quick, sneaking, in danger,
- (metaphor[imagery]) lots, hail is
unpleasant and painful
- (wc/im) shows how violent the
are as the rip the
paper
Theme - The fact the sniper is still being attacked shows there
is no end to the horror and danger in a civil war
17. Technique - climax, sentence structure
Quote 'Then the sniper turned over the dead body and looked into his
brother's face.'
Analysis - (ss) one-sentence paragraph for greater impact. (tone)
matter of fact and blunt tone making the fact painfully obvious.
(symbolism) shows how close the opposing sides are. The sniper killing
his brother symbolises how the nation is destroying itself.
Theme - Shows how divisive, brutal and destructive civil war is.
18. Introduction
Paragraph 1 - Setting - guns, armoured car etc
Paragraph 2 - Killing of the old woman and armoured car
driver
Paragraph 3 - Tension of killing the other sniper
Paragraph 4 - The sniper’s reaction to the killing
Paragraph 5 - climax - dead brother
Conclusion
19. Topic Sentences - include them, mention techniques, don't
quote
'O'Flaherty uses characterisation to show the brutal effects
of civil war.'
Don't dump quotes on the page then write about them.
The writer describes the sniper having 'the face of a
student'.
Use joining words
21. Topic sentence - general, no quotes
O'Flaherty uses characterisation to show the brutal
effects of civil war. The writer describes the sniper having
'the face of a student'. This shows that he is a young
man, possible recently out of school. Also, the writer
describes the sniper having a 'cold gleam' in his eyes.
This shows he his focused and lacks emotion. In the
same way, O'Flaherty portrays the sniper as being a
'fanatic'. This shows he is obsessed. In this way,
O'Flaherty shows how civil war can change and damage
people.
Quotes nicely blended in
Joining words
Link back to the question