S2-2016-306469-publication_en

i
Title
Thesis Publication
CONCEPT DESIGN FOR “MARIE EUGENE FRANCOIS THOMAS DUBOIS
” MEMORIAL MUSEUM IN TULUNGAGUNG REGENCY
EAST JAVA PROVINCE
by :
Kristiawan
10/306469/PSA/2258
ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAMME
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCE
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2016

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CONCEPT DESIGN OF “MARIE EUGENE FRANCOIS THOMAS DUBOIS”
MEMORIAL MUSEUM IN TULUNGAGUNG REGENCY
Kristiawan
Graduate Program of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Science
Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
e-mail : iwan_trust@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
The pivotal role of Dubois in developing the science of paleoanthropology and his
outstanding contribution to the discovery of the missing link has become the
underlying reason to trace back the footprints of Eugene Dubois in Tulungagung
regency and establish a museum dedicated to him. This research aims at discovering
the former residence of Eugene Dubois and to developing a concept of museum that
commemorates Dubois’ role and activities in Indonesia. Based on available
references, this research remains unable to reveal the location of Eugene Dubois’
residence. Information from references and maps that refer to the location of
Dubois’ residential buildings are not consistent making identification of certain
locations as Dubois’ house impossible. The alternative building for Marie Eugene
Francois Thomas Dubois Memorial Museum (M.E.F.T. Dubois) is formerly a
District Court building in Tulungagung. The building, with its historical value, suits
the need to store and exhibit the collections of M.E.F.T. Dubois. The museum is
designed as a Memorial Museum that combines the preservation of the Dubois
collection and presentation of works of art with aesthetic values, such as realist
paintings, wax sculptures, and holographic multimedia related to Dubois’ role and
activities.
Keywords : Eugene Dubois, Memorial Museum, Missing Link, Fossil, Tulungagung
A. Background
Marie Eugene Francois Thomas Dubois was a Dutch anatomist who came to
Indonesia (Netherland Indies) in search of the missing link fossils. He conducted
research in Sumatera and Java. During his research in Java, Dubois and his family
lived in the small town of Tulungagung, East Java. From this town he conducted
research along the Solo river valley, where he collected thousands of animal fossils
as well as a handful of, but important, human fossils. In the site of Trinil (1891 –
1892), near Ngawi, he discovered a human skull cap and thigh bones, which he
claimed were the missing link to Darwin’s theory of evolution. He dubbed the fossils

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Pithecantropus erectus (literally: upright ape human). Although his claim was
controversial, his research in Indonesia played a very important role in the
development of paleoanthropology, not only in Indonesia, but also in the world.
Eugene Dubois was a pioneering scientist in analyzing the relationship of
brain size to body size of early humans. His method for analyzing brain size, which
he did by using the metric scale and mathematical calculations, was considered a
novel approach in the field of paleaoanthropology. In addition, Dubois found a new
method to estimate the brain size and the height of human based on incomplete skull
and femur bones, respectively. Dubois was the first scientist to develop evolutionary
method with relatively limited data. He exploited the human and ape dichotomy to
evaluate fossil findings (Shipman and Storm, 2002: 111).
As a tribute to all his work and achievements in the discipline, establishment
of a Memorial Museum of Marie Eugene Francois Thomas Dubois would be a proper
means to honor him. Most of his important findings have already been stored in the
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. However, there is
still no such memorial in place to appreciate Eugene Dubois in Indonesia. One of the
most suitable place for a memorial museum is the Dubois house in Tulungagung,
where he spent most of his time during his stay in Indonesia.
This thesis research is aimed, first, at finding Dubois house in Tulungagung
based on information and maps available in books, documents and archives that
relate to Dubois activities in Indonesia. Second, this thesis attempts to develop a
concept plan for information and collection presentation in the proposed Eugene
Dubois Memorial Museum in Tulungagung.
B. A brief history of Eugene Dubois
Eugene Dubois was born in Ejsden on 28 January 1858, a village in Limburg,
in the southern part of the Netherlands, close to the border with Germany. This was
one year before Charles Darwin published his influential book, The Origin of
Species. Since childhood, he explored caves around his village and collected many
things that interested him, including insects, animal bones, shells, and stones. He had

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been interested in the theory of evolution since his teenage year, especially after he
attended a lecture by Karl Vogt, a Germany biologist, on the theory. He then studied
medicine in the University of Amsterdam, which he completed in 1884. His special
interest in anatomy brought him to study comparative anatomy, which led him to
become an assistant to German scholar Max Furbringer. However, Dubois’ main
interest was human evolution and he was strongly influenced by Ernst Haeckel, an
evolusionist who proposed that the missing link in the theory must be a species with
characteristics of both human and apes, Pithecanthropus (pithecos = ape, anthropos =
human).
Dubois was obsessed with finding the missing link and considered the
Netherland-Indies as a potential place where it could be found. He learned that a
famous artist of Java, Raden Saleh, and a European naturalist, Franz Junghuhn, were
reported to have recovered numerous fossils in Java. He considered the Netherlans-
Indies to have potential in bearing the missing-link fossil due to the fact that many
big apes lived in this tropical area. He then joined the military as medical doctor to
be sent to the Netherland-Indies (Shipman, 2001).
On 29 October 1887 Dubois, with his wife Anna Geertruida Lojenga and his
son Eugene (Jr), sailed on steamboat S.S. Prinses Amalia to the Netherland-Indies
and arrived in Padang (west Sumatera) on 11 December 1887. As he served as
medical-doctor in this area, he would survey the karstic area of Payakumbuh to find
fossils in caves. Although there, he did not find what he wanted. Two years later,
however, Dubois moved to Java because he learned that in 1888, a fossil of human
skull had been discovered by B.D. van Rietshoten in Wadjak, a marble mining field
near Tulungagung.
Dubois chose to live in Tulungagung for two reasons. First, he intended to
conduct more research in the caves of this karstic area where Rietschoten’s human
fossil had been recovered. Second, this town was relatively close to the Fort of van
Den Bosch in Ngawi, which provided him protection. Administratively,
Tulungagung was part of Residency of Kediri and under the authority of Assistant
Resident. According to John de Vos, curator of Dubois collection in Naturalis,

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Dubois lived in a wooden Javanese traditional house (joglo) with his family that used
to be the official house of the Asssitant Resident.
In the following year (1889), Dubois recovered another human skull from
Wadjak. However, he also paid interest to a reported fossil found along the Solo
River valley and started to survey the area. He visited some sites along this main
river of Java and intensively excavated a site in the village of Trinil, nearby the city
of Ngawi. With the help of his assistants in 1890-1891, two important fossils were
discovered: a skull cap and a thigh bone. These two fossils were claimed as
representing the missing-link species, the so-called Pithecanthropus of Haeckle.
Certainly, Dubois claim had shaken the world at that time.
Dubois’ claim was not easily accepted by other scholars. He was critised for
being too confident with the assumption that the skullcap, thigh bone, and later
recovered teeth, belonged to one individual. Among the scholars who refuted the
results of his hypothesis were German zoologists, Paul Matschie and Leonce Pierre
Manouvrier. The latter questioned the association between those fossil fragments,
however he agreed with the method of calculating the brain size performed by
Dubois. A German anatomist, Wilhelm Krause also believed that the skullcap was of
an ape skull, whereas the left femur belonged to a human.
Criticism of his hypothesis encouraged Dubois to intensively disseminate his
idea at various scientific events. He persistently made improvements and refined his
hypothesis to include geological and fauna data of Trinil. In 1895-1896, Dubois
attended numerous conferences, symposia and conducted lectures in almost every
major institution in Europe. In every speech, he showed the fossil of Pithecanthropus
erectus and allowed others to observe, analyze and make persuasive arguments in
person. He became a very famous scientist, and the evolutionary position of
Pithecanthropus erectus also became a major topic. In only five years (1895 – 1900),
more than a hundred articles discussing the Pithecanthropus erectus were published.
The ultimate recognition towards Eugène Dubois hypotheses occurred in 1898, when
pithecanthropus erectus was chosen as the main topic at the zoology fourth
International Congress in Cambridge England. At the Congress many agreed that
Pithecanthropus erectus fossil was the valid missing link (Kjaergaard, 2011: 92).

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Dubois’ scientific efforts to place the Pithecanthropus erectus as an important
link between ape and human in the theory of evolution has been appreciated by the
French Government through the Prix Broca award granted to him. In addition, to
honor his contribution to the science of anthropology, in 1897 Dubois was awarded
an Honorary Doctorate from the field of Botany and Zoology from the University of
Amsterdam. Following this, Dubois was eventually appointed as the curator of
paleontology and mineralogy at the Teyler Museum and became the director of
"Indische Fossielen" ¬ (Indonesian fossil) under the Dutch government.
Unfortunattely, during the years 1900-1920 the reputation of Eugène Dubois
started to decline. He was suspected to suffer from mental instability, which had
been caused by his change in attitude toward other scholars. He tended to over resist
any critic and closed all access to his fossils. His attitude change was criticized by
Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural history.
Through the Royal Dutch Academy of Science he appealed Dubois to allow qualified
scientists to study the fossils. Although he faced the unfavoured situation, he
evidently remained productive as he wrote at least 116 scientific articles on geology
and hydrology between 1900 and 1923. According to Pat Shipman, who wrote
Eugène Dubois biography, his withdrawal from the scientific arena was to reduce the
impact of resentment upon him by opposing scholars (Shipman and Storm, 2002:
113).
The negative judgement on Dubois went on until his death in 1940 as evident
in the writings of G. H. R. Koenigswald. Dubois disagreed with some other
researchers on the status of new fossils of pithecanthropus discovered in Mojokerto,
East Java by von Koenigswald. Dubois defied Koenigswald’s hypothesis that placed
the fossils as human rather than the missing link. Personally, he considered the
presence of Koenigswald as a threat to his scientific career. G. H. R. Koenigswald
along with other researchers, such as Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Franz Weidenreich,
Helmutt de Terra and Hallam Movius, were against Dubois’ hypothesis and the new
hypothesis gained more and more support at many international symposia and
scientific meetings. Although Dubois refused to acknowledge the new widely

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accepted hypothesis, he is still deserved to be recognized as a great scholar and a
founder of palaeoanthropology for his works and contributions to the science of
humanity (Shipman and Storm, 2002: 115).
For the above reasons, the establishment of a museum in Indonesia as a
tribute to Eugène Dubois role is justified. Ideally, the museum should be a historic
house museum which presents all the information on the role and contributions of
Eugene Dubois in the scientific world, especially in the field of palaeoanthropology.
A historic house museum is a building or a house that has a historically
significant background, and hence, can be categorized as cultural heritage. This
includes royal palace buildings, residences of important figures, artists or artist
residence, the residence of the wealthy, and even quaint inns or ancient hotels. The
International Council of Museums (ICOM) defines a historic house museum as a
museum that integrates with all components of the house attributes corresponding to
the original context, such as the original furniture, the original home appliances, as
well as other collections from several periods. It can be concluded that the historic
house museum directly binds all the elements of space in the house as the original,
and represents it in the form of museum exhibitions (Pinna, 2001: 4-7).
Considering the above definition, the best location for the proposed Memorial
Museum M.E.F.T. Dubois is the original house where Eugène Dubois lived during
his research in Indonesia. The location can be traced back using historical data,
documents, and biographies. In the case of Eugene Dubois, his biography written by
Pat Shipman titled, “The Man Who Found the Missing Link," is an important source.
In this book, Shipman reconstructed Dubois activities in the Netherland Indies,
including his five years stay in Tulungagung. She based her reconstruction mainly on
the family archives and correspondence letters.
C. Problems statement
Since the main aim of this thesis research is to draft a concept design for the
establishment of Memorial Museum of Eugene Dubois, there are two problems to be
addreesed in this research. They are as follows:

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1. Where to find the original Eugene Dubois house in Tulungagung?
2. What is the appropriate design for proposed Memorial Museum of Eugene
Dubois in Tulungagung ?
D. Historic House Museum
In her thesis entitled "Historic House Museum Sustainability In The 21st
Century: Paths to Preservation", Susan R. Orr outlines that to turn a house of
historical value into a museum, the planners should refer to the general duty of a
museum, namely maintaining, preserving, and interpreting the collection objectively.
The development of historic house museums has become quite rapid, especially after
the end of World War II. At that time, the USA aggressively improved the quality of
education, especially in the field of technology and culture. This thus inspired some
cultural experts to develop buildings that had historical value to be assets related to
cultural aspects and economic value. (Orr, 2010: 53-54).
According to Jared Leonard (2006), as well as others who study
archaeological sciences, a historic house museum is also an object of rarity in terms
of the number compared to the population of regular houses. The main purpose of
this type of museum is to care for and to interpret the structure of the house and the
architectural and historical records pertaining to an individual as an object. Leonard
provided the example of George Washington’s house in Mount Vernon, which
represents the initial publication of a house that has historical value and that is used
as a museum. George Washington’s museum was successful in its early
establishment. However, in subsequent developments, the public became more
attracted to the history of the houses of marginalized communities. This is because
the public considered them more as a social dynamic with unique and interesting
primitivism that could be presented as a collection (Leonard, 2006: 7).
A historic house museum is a symbol of the events, times, and inherent
regimes that cannot be separated unless the house building were to be destroyed or
damaged. Under certain conditions, however the question remains for the building
house that has historical and architectural value intact, but the space-forming

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component and its original collection has been lost. Is it still relevant to be used as a
historical house museum? On the basis of these conditions, the definition of a
historic house museum evolved into something which is not absolute; it does not
have to be complete with a variety of original collections. To avoid confusion in
defining the historic house museum, we need to classify museum that is based on the
existing condition and its typoloy. Sherry Butcher-Younghans (1993) classified
historic house museums into four types; 1) The Documentary Historic House
Museum, which is a museum depicting the lives of the home and its historical value,
and is located in the original environment with authentic collections supported by its
real layout; 2). The representative historic house museum, which is representative of
some figures depicting the life and lifestyle of a certain age. Architecturally, the
building has undergone restoration and the house was reconstructed by using a
substitute collection (replicas) of the same era but coming from different houses;
3). The aesthetic historic house museum is a place to exhibit a private collection,
which is not related to the actual home, history or its inhabitants. The collections to
be displayed are objects of high aesthetic value, but have a limited nature; 4)
Combinations of the three types as not all museums can fulfill all three of the
previous categories, so that the museum can make a combination of the three.
(Butcher -Younghans, 1993: 184-186).
In Indonesia, there have been numerous historic building museums including
Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani Museum in Central Jakarta, Tjong A Fie in Medan,
Affandi Museum in Yogyakarta, and the birthplace of President Soeharto in
Kemusuk, Yogyakarta. However, so far there have been no historic house museums
established to provide tribute for the considerably significant role of Eugène Dubois
in the development of science in Indonesia, especially in paleoanthropology.
There has been a detailed writing, which reveals the figure of Eugène Dubois,
by Pat Shipman (2001). In a book entitled The Man Who Found the Missing Link,
Shipman had to review a lot of things about the life of Marie Eugène François
Thomas Dubois, both from his private family life and his fossil hunting activities on
the islands of Sumatra and Java. There are some important pieces of information

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contained in the writings of Pat Shipman, among them are depictions of the shape
and character of Eugène Dubois house in Tulungagung. This city is the most widely
mentioned in this book. There are also some places frequented by Eugène Dubois
reviewed in the book, such as the coffee plantations on the slopes of Mount Willis,
Mringin, Ngunut, Ngadiluwih and elsewhere that is located in the administrative
district of Tulungagung. Shipman’s research, referring to the biography of Eugène
Dubois, is depicted naratively. The social life, environmental and naming tecniques
of the locations mentioned by Shipman have many similarities with the toponyms of
some areas in Indonesia. Indeed there is little difference in the writing of the names
of places, but it can be understood because writing correspondence previously
conducted by Eugène Dubois refers to many pronunciations and dialectics from
certain areas. In addition, it took place more than a century after the incident
occurred so inevitably there have been many changes to the names in the region, both
triggered by expansion and constriction. The name changes were as a result of
development, especially incorporation and regional expansion that has occurred in
Tulungagung and East Java province in general.
Indeed, during the process of selecting a historic house for a museum, we
need to have a proper assessment of the significance of the building. Michael
Pearson and Sullivan (1995), provides guidance on how to identify important values
in the remains of archaeological value. Also in the book, "Looking After Heritage
Place," they identify the factors that influence the success of managing the Heritage
Objects. It is explained that before starting an applied study towards the management
of heritage objects or suspected heritage objects, one must first identify the important
values that surround that particular object. The investigation on the important values
(significance assessment) may include the importance of art (aesthetic significance),
architectural value, the value of history (historical value), the value of science
(Scientific value), the value of social (social value) and the importance of nature -
culture (The natural of cultural significance).
In a paper entitled "Preserving our Cultural Heritage", Daud Aris Tanudirjo
describes his understanding of the definition of cultural heritage and values. Several

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references refer to the notion of cultural heritage, one of which is the ratification of
the convention by the international community, namely the UNESCO Convention on
Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention,
which was set in 2005. Some understanding of the nature rendered that cultural
heritage may include: Monuments, a group of buildings, sites, and saujana culture.
In particular, UNESCO gives attention to the remains of the historic town, ancient
canals, and paths between regions. Some important values are also described in the
differing determinations, such as the historical value with some of the criteria related
to events, characters, stage of development of science and technology, and related to
the stage of development of a social economic politic life. The significant value of
science is also associated with the sources of power that have the potential to be
further investigated to answer scientific problems in general. The importance of
culture, which is a value that represents the product of the creation of a specific
culture, encourages the creation of a culture (identity), including ethnic, aesthetic,
public, and politics (Tanudirjo, 2004).
Meanwhile, Prof. Dr. Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti, provides interesting insights
regarding the relationship between cultural heritage with the development of the city.
In a paper entitled “Strategi Membangun Kota pusaka (Heritage City) di tengah
Globalisasi Abad ke-21” (The Strategy to Build Heritage City amidst the 21st
Century Globalization), he explains that successful development of a heritage area in
various countries and major cities is mainly because the region is located in a coastal
area or the edge of a large river. Most of the successful development of cities of this
heritage lie in the expertise to "recycle" old buildings for activities that are new or
modern. The successful implementation of heritage city development strategies are
also supported by the political decisions of the executive and legislative branches,
from one government to the next to consistently maintain some parts of the city,
including most of the historic buildings and several city parks. To preserve the core
area we need to set "parameters" that are absolute in the form of: Roundabout
Boulevard, pedestrian zone, large size monuments, artificial lakes and so forth.

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One of cultural heritage utilizations in the form of the building is "the
recycling" into museum. Nowadays, when planning a museum it is recommended to
take into account the wishes and expectations of prospective visitors. Museum
visitors have a wide variety of backgrounds. They have the motivation and
expectations to have a direct impact on what they will learn and what they will do.
When their expectations are met, the learning process will happen directly, and the
museum acts as a facilitator through the delivery and collection labels. However,
when visitor expectations are not met, the learning process will be difficult.
Establishment of the museum will be successful when the museum attracts visitors
that can motivate themselves individually by understanding the meaning contained in
the collection (Falk and Dierking, 2000: 139).
According to Kevin Walker (2008), multimedia is an effective means of
delivering information. The level of understanding by visitors to the museum's
collection is not directly related to how much data or information is comprehended
and absorbed by visitors. Preview displays in the showroom only act as an integrated
facility with informational materials. Several information methods can be applied to
museum labels, such as smart phone devices (smartphones) that can connect
automatically to the museum server. Information collected can be accessed
individually according to the visitor’s personal desire and visitors can print the
information through a device that has been provided. Kevin Walker in his research
found that the real learning occurs when the museum visitors are directly and
actively involved in building their own direction and purpose. Visitors are not
affected by the concept and design, which is devoted to the character of a given
visitor. They will look for their own personal reflection and propensity to share
information (Walker, 2008: 119-120).
E. Research methods
The research is carried out in several stages : preparation, data collection,
data analysis and conclusions. In the preparation stage, library research and initial
observations were carried out. Eugene Dubois’ biographies, such as the books

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written by Pat Shipman and John de Vos, were mainly used as the books contain
many personal ws well as official letters, archives, and original research documents.
Old maps were also used to estimate the location of Eugene Dubois house.
In order to track the house of Eugène Dubois’ traditional and Indies style
houses in Tulungagung District, the area around the former official residence of the
Tulungagung Regent and town square, were targeted for field observation. Features
such as old markets, train stations, roads, rivers, cemeteries, plantations, and other
places that were related to Eugène Dubois’ activities, including schools, offices,
homes, and warehouses were considered initial clues that could be used to
reconstruct an old panorama of Tulungagung township. Digital or satellite maps
were helpful to identify old houses in the area. Local informants were also important
in providing information needed to trace the location of Dubois house and the
townscape of Tulungagung in the past.
At the data analysis stage, all the information collected in the preparation
stage was plotted and overlayed onto a digital map to generate a thematic map and
combined attribute map. Included in this stage was a comparative analysis using
documentary photos and the data collected from observation, especially on the
characteristics of Eugene Dubois’ house. This analysis was aimed at matching the
characteristics of the probable Eugene Dubois house to those on the documentary
photos as well as the painting of Tulungagung Assistant Resident buildings.
F. Results and Discussion
This research has traced the life of Dubois in Tulungagung, especially the
house where he lived. Some referral sources used here are maps and information
from John de Vos, a researcher in Naturalis Museum Netherlands. Tests on the map
and the information from John de Vos lead me to believe the building position does
not match with the descriptions given by John de Vos. The position of the Assistant
Resident buildings in the map notation by John de Vos turned out to refer to the
building of Kongas Arum Kusumaning Bongso Hall. Currently the building
functions as the official residence of Tulungagung Regent. The Assistant Resident

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Tulungagung building based on the results of analysis is a building with Indies
architecture, highlighting large cylindrical pillars quite close to the architectural style
of the Empire style or The Ducth Colonial Villa. In the map of John de Vos, the
Assistant Resident building is the home of Eugene Dubois, while the shape of the
house based on data documentation is closer to a traditional Javanese house in joglo
shape. Therefore, the information related to this is not entirely correct.
Below are the results of the identification process of the joglo building of the
Great Hall of Kongas Arum Kusumaning Bongso, which is estimated to be the
building of the Tulungagung Assistant Resident.

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Based on an ancient map overlay of the Dutch edition of John de Vos, the
Assistant Resident building is located right in the Great Hall of Kongas Arum
Kusumaning Bongso. The results of this analysis provide an interim conclusion that
Eugene Dubois lived in one house with the Tulungagung Regent. This tentative
conclusion is supported by new facts that the Great Hall of the building has long
been used as a regent's official residence, well before Eugene Dubois came to
Tulungagung. Surely, the possibility of a regent sharing living quarters with Eugene
Dubois was very small. Therefore, visual observation based on the data referral form
and the character of the house have been done in the area around the town of
Tulungagung and five districts which are thought to potentially contain the
residential of Eugene Dubois. Unfortunately, the results of these observations do not
meet the house criteria with the visual characteristics of Eugene Dubois home as
portrayed by John de Vos and Pat Shipman in the referral data.

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Information :
: House of Assistant Resident : Regent Official House
: Controleur Building : District Office
Despite the disconcerting result, the expectation to discover the residence of
Eugene Dubois in Tulungagung is still there. Some traditional houses (joglo) of over
a hundred years old are still standing and are currently being utilized without having
changed the main structure. The building of Great Hall of Kongas Arum
Kusumaning Bongso is proof that a wooden building that was established in the early
19th century can still survive today.
In addition to tracking the location of Eugene Dubois’ home, for supporting
data, the researcher also tracked where the home of Robert Boyd and Adam
Prentiece, friends of Eugene Dubois in Tulungagung were. The result of map
analysis and documentation lead to the conclusion that Mringin District, touted by
Figure1. The topography map of Tulungagung regency according to the
collection of John de Vos after being overlaid with a map based
on 2015 GoogleMap satellite.

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Pat Shipman as the location of the home of Robert Boyd, is expected to be in the
Bendungan District of Trenggalek Regency. This conclusion is based on the
suitability of the landscape characteristics and the existence of a Dutch coffee bean
processing plant, just like the information submitted by Pat Shipman and John de
Vos.
Since Eugene Dubois original house could not be located until now, an
alternative buildings should be provided for Eugene Dubois Memorial Museum in
Tulungagung. Through a feasibility study, the alternative option for the memorial
museum building is the former District Court of Tulungagung. This building has
historical values as colonial office and could become a landmark in Tulungagung.
The condition of the building is also good with a number of rooms that can be used
for museum displays.
The building is no longer in use today, with the ownership status under the
Supreme Court of Indonesia. The building condition is still well preserved although
some parts, like the roof, are in need of repair. The facade forms of the building can
represent Indis architectural styles in Tulungagung. In addition to the unique shape of
the building and its aesthetic value, this building is also associated with the history of
the justice system in the Dutch colonial government era in Tulungagung Regency.
Combining the buildings that have historical value with a collection of Memorial
Museum M.E.F.T. Dubois can be done as long as the principles of historic house
preservation are referenced. The aesthetic of a museum is one category of a historic
house museum by Sherry Butcher-Younghans to be applied to Memorial Museum
M.E.F.T. Dubois. The presented collections are the result of a work of art that have
aesthetic value, such as realist paintings, wax sculptures, and multimedia works in
the form of holography.
It is true that to present a collection of original artifacts of Dubois research
results at this time is pretty difficult to realize. The master piece collection of
pithecantrhopus erectus fossils already got special treatment under the National
Museum of Natural History 'Naturalis' in Leiden Netherlands. Therefore, the skeleton
fauna collection will be displayed in the form of the original artifact, although

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coming from the results of different studies. To strengthen the vision of the museum,
the collection is also displayed in the form of replicas, paintings, realist sculpture,
dioramas and a collection of classic period of Wajakensis museum. As an alternative
of concepts design and information, multimedia techniques is introduced in the form
of a touch screen, motion sensors, sound sensors and holography. The presentation
concept of holography has been applied in several museums in the world, one of
which is the Museum Sangiran in Sragen, Central Java. All information is integrated
into a single server and can be accessed offline at the museum or online via an
internet connection (virtual museum). Multimedia technology implementation is
expected to create new experience for the visitors of M.E.F.T Dubois Memorial
Museum. It is expected that by maintaining building element authenticity, aesthetics
and application of multimedia technology, the visitors’ expectations will improve.
Nowadays, people have become more technologically savy and are able to use and
operate multimedia applications via smart phones. Education concepts through
interactive multimedia can bring an extraordinary experience directly to museum
visitors.
Realist paintings and sculptures made of wax are an alternative medium to
convey the substance of the exhibition. Their distinctiveness and uniqueness are a
special attraction for museum visitors. The appropriate concept choice is expected to
increase the interest of visitors to understand the significant role of Eugene Dubois in
the field of paleoanthropology science. The education concept of Memorial Museum
MEFT Dubois is concerned mainly with the interaction between education staff with
visitors. Arguments by visitors are an expected reaction in a museum with this
education concept, so that there will be discussions during the visit as the visitors
follow each theme and topic presented.
In terms of museum organization and human resources, divisions for
marketing and public service should be installed by museum management. This is
not common in most government owned museums, but these divisions are very
important for modern museums.

19
The principal duty of the marketing division, from the point of view of
museology, is to provide the public with detailed information concerning the
museum collection as museum a product, targeting visitors, and setting strategies to
achieve the target. Meanwhile, the duty of the public service division is to enhance
the function of museum as an educational and entertainment institution dedicated to
serve public.
G. Bibliography
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Historic House Museumin: Museum International Vol. 53, No. 2 tahun
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Falk, J. dan Dierking, L. (2000). Learning from Museum, California: Altamira Press
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Ancestors and A Crucial Piece of Evidence, Journal Notes and Records
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tengah Globalisasi Abad ke-21”,Makalah disusun dalam rangka Seminar
dan Pelatihan Pelestarian Kota Pusaka di Sanur, 6 -8 Juli 2010
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Seminar in Historic Preservation, College Park: University of Maryland
Orr, Susan. R. 2010. “Historic House Museum Sustainability in The 21st
Century:
Paths to Preservation”, Tesis, Master of Art in Museum Professions with
an Emphasis in Museum Registration, New Jersey :Seton Hall
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Pinna, Giovanni, 2001.Introduction to historic house museum in: Museum
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Shipman, Pat. 2001. The Man who Found the Missing Link: Eugène Dubois and His
Lifelong Quest to Prove Darwin Right, New York :Simon & Schuster,
Inc.
Shipman, Pat, and Paul Storm, 2002." Missing links: Eugène Dubois and the Origins
of Paleoanthropology." Evolutionary Anthropology, vol. 11, no. 3, hal.
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Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania.
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Telefoondienst Mede Uit Officieele gegevens, Batavia: Mercurius

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