The document discusses Romanesque and Gothic architecture through examples like Santiago de Compostela and Salisbury Cathedral. It covers characteristics of English Gothic architecture like double transepts and fan vaulting. Specific structures are analyzed such as Saint-Denis Abbey, known for its stained glass and royal tombs. Gothic sculpture is examined for its increased naturalism, volumetric figures, and emphasis on drapery and spatial interaction between figures. Individual statues like the Naumburg Cathedral's Ekkehard and Uta are highlighted.

1. Romanesque & Gothic Study
Images

2. 1078 – 1211 Santiago de Compastello

3. Transverse
arches
Gallery
Santiago de
Compound Compastello
piers

4. Santiago de
Compastello

6. Salisbury Cathedral

7. Salisbury vs. Chartres

8. Beauvais Cathedral Kings College Chapel

9. English Gothic
More horizontal layout generally (less stress on height)
More expansive sculptural program on facades
Spires located over the crossing
Often a double transept
High use of square transept rather than round
Use of fan vaulting
Large transept windows rather than rose windows on Westwork
Integral rather than flying buttresses often used
Often located on the periphery or outside urban area
Often built on Norman church sites which held monasteries

10. “the holy city, new Jerusalem
coming down from God out of
heaven…having the glory of
God, and her light like a most
precious stone, even like a jasper
clear as crystal…and the city was
pure gold, like clear glass…whose
foundations were garnished with
all manner of gems:
jasper, sapphire, chalcedony, emer
ald, sardonyx, sardius, chrysolite,
beryl, topaz, chrysoprase, jacinth,
amethyst…” – Abbott Suger

11. Gothic Stained Glass Windows
• Intricate pieces of colored glass joined bylead
caning
• Illustrated biblical stories, Saint’s lives, and
occasionally contemporary scenes of workers
• Jewel like colors and brilliance
• Painted surfaces
• Later Gothic windows allow more clarity and
light into cathedral through lighter colors

12. The Tree of Jesse

14. The Abbey of Saint-Denis
About four miles north of Paris lies the Abbey of Saint-Denis.
Originally founded in 630 by King Dagobert, it sits at the site of
Saint Denis' martyrdom. The abbey underwent a reconstruction
in the 12th century under Abbot Suger and became one of the
earliest instances of Gothic architecture.
The church grew in fame. Joan of Arc blessed her weapons
here, and many French rulers and aristocrats were buried in its
crypt, including Louis XII, Catherine de Medicis, Louis XVI, and
Marie Antoinette. During the French Revolution, many royal
tombs were desecrated and many sacred objects were lost. And
in the years following, the church fell further into disrepair. It
was, however, repaired under the rule of Napoleon.
Among its treasures are a number of elaborate 12th Century
stained-glass windows, carved tombs, mosaics, and the French
Regalia, which were objects used during the coronation of
French kings.

15. As you walk through the nave to
the east end of the church, you
come to the transept, which is the
horizontal area that intersects
with the nave. This particular
transept is stubby; its arms are
shorter than most other transepts.
Most of the transepts from the
Gothic time period are shorter
than those from the Romanesque
era. Cathedrals such as Amiens
and Reims have transepts with
arms similar in length to that at
Saint Denis. One thing that is
unique about the transept at Saint
Denis is that it is the mausoleum
for all of the kings and queens of
France. If you go to either the
north or south sides of the
transept at Saint Denis you can
see the tombs of the many kings
and queens that are here.

16. St.-Denis

17. exterior buttresses of St. Denis
right: plan of choir of St. Denis.

18. Plan of Ambulatory in St. Denis and
Ambulatory view of St. Denis

19. North Transept, left side West Entrance

20. Melchizedek, Abraham with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and David

21. Jamb figures of
Confessors with St.
Theodore on the right.
South Transept of
Chartres Cathedral.

22. Gothic Sculpture
Royal Portals, Chartres Cathedral
• Dominant columnar shape of jamb
figures
• Robes almost hypnotic in concentric
concentration, no nervous
excitement as in Romanesque
• Far more rounded in volume than
Romanesque, more 3d
• Rippling sense of surface
• Heads: serene, slightly heavy
eyes, benevolent
• Salvation stressed rather than the
terror of judgment as in Romanesque
• Bands of pockets of light and shadow
• Each piece of stone is united with
column behind Jamb statues stand attached to
wall, but also in front of it
Greater than life size
Hanging long robes
Architecture dominates
Christ in tympanum: tranquil
ease, delicate, strong

23. Gothic Sculpture
Visitation, Reims Cathedral
• Classical look, i.e. Greek
contrapposto imitated
• Heads look like ancient
Roman portraits
• Figures start to converse
through gesture and
expression
• Emerge more from the wall

24. Annunciation and Visitation from Reims Cathedral

25. Gabriel Mary
Elizabeth

26. Naumburg Cathedral, 13th century
Ekkehard and Uta

28. GOTHIC
•More emphasis on
naturalism
•More classical treatment of Figures more
drapery volumetric, naturally
elongated, erect posed (contrapposto
figures that found – just not here –
•More emphasis on spatial
emphasize the vertical note Visitation at Reims).
and psychological
and appear as part of
interactivity
the structure Figures interact with
•Development of guilds and space and each other
Drapery falls in (note position of
high craft standards*
patterned, vertical arms, heads)
pleats
Individualization in
Emphasize prophetic figures
tradition (features, hair, jewelry, et
c.)
Symbolic figures
More freestanding from

29. Gothic Sculpture
Ekkehard and Uta
• Stately, quiet, regal
• Almost portrait statues
• Attached to wall behind
• Ekkehard: blunt, heavy-
set, pouting, hand on sword as
protector of the family
• Uta: graceful, aloof, gown is so
long that she must pick it up to
walk
• Body revealed beneath clothes
Naumburg Cathedral, 13th century