The document discusses various topics related to hurricane shutters: - It outlines 5 sessions on hurricane shutter history, design, types, installation, and impact glass. - It provides an overview of different shutter types including roll-up, accordion, Bahama, colonial, storm panels, screens, and fabric screens. - Key factors in shutter design and performance are discussed such as withstanding wind forces, impact resistance, and preventing water infiltration.

1. by QMI

2. Preparing for the Inevitable
Hurricane Review and Approval
Documents Workshop
Session 1
Hurricane History, Storm Forces, Purposes of Shutters, Basic Shutter Design,
Requirements and Product Engineering.
Session 2
Overview of Shutter Types : Features, Advantages and Limitations.
Session 3
Proper Installation and Review
Session 4
Facts and Misunderstanding of Impact Glass.
Session 5
QMI Security Solutions – Beyond the Hurricanes.

3. Shutter Design and Engineering
 Function & Purpose of Shutters
 Storm Forces – What Shutters Protect
Against!
 Building Codes – Basics of Wind Design
 Testing, Criteria
 How to Read & Interpret Product Approval
Drawings
 Structural Attachment Issues
 Overview of Shutter Types

4. A Reminder of What We Are Up
Against

5. A Reminder of What We Are Up
Against

6. A Reminder of What We Are Up
Against – Part 2

7. A Reminder of What We Are Up
Against – Part 2

8. Hurricane Financial History
Hurricane/Cat Year Cost
Katrina/3 ’05 $105,840,000,000
Andrew/5 ’92 $45,561,000,000
Ike/2 ’08 $20,587,000,000
Ivan/3 ’04 $19,832,000,000
Charley/4 ’04 $15,820,000,000
Irene/1 ’11 $15,800,000,000*
* Puerto Rico damage $500,000,000 est.

9. The “Deadly 4” Storm Forces
Tidal Surge
Wind
Wind-Driven Rain
Flying Debris

10. Why Protect Glazed Openings?

11. How Do Shutters Protect Openings?
Shutters act to do the following to greater or
lesser extents depending on shutter type:
 Repel debris impacts
 Dissipate or “average out” direct wind force.
 Buffer against effects of wind-driven rain

12. After Hurricane Andrew In 1992
Shutters And The New Codes Were Developed
To Protect Homes And Opening From
Hurricane Force Winds

13. Is This True in Real Life?

14. Do Shutters Always Work?
Shutters that are designed and tested to
withstand a given level of wind force and
missile impact that are properly installed
according to engineering documents WILL
withstand these conditions. Failures result
from:
 Improper design
 Improper installation
 Actual conditions that exceed design limits

15. Examples of Shutter Failure during
Hurricane Ivan (none are Roll-a-way!)
Improper Shutter Design Improper Shutter Installation

16. Design of Shutters
 MINIMUM standard is what is required under
current building code in your area!
 In Florida, the relevant code is the Florida
Building Code, 2010 edition. Exception:
Miami, Broward and Monroe Counties –
Miami-Dade Standards
 In Texas, the standards developed by TDI
(Texas Department of Insurance) are used.
 Elsewhere, the International Building Code
(IBC) is most prevalent – very similar to FBC

17. Questions You Hear in the Field
How many mph are your shutters good
for?
Are these hurricane
rated
shutters?
Are all of your shutters Dade rated?
All of these and others reflect a PART of the picture,
but not the complete picture!

18. Shutter Design – Step One:
Determine the Wind Zone

19. Step Two: Convert Wind Speed to
Wind Pressure (Design Pressure)
What you need to know to do this:
 Use code-specified ASCE 7 Wind Chart - for
FBC 2007 and IBC 2006, relevant version is
ASCE 7-05
 Determine building location – will allow
determination of Exposure Category
 Determine building height (mean roof height).
 Determine approx. roof pitch.
 Determine approx. dimensions of building.

20. Exposure Category – B vs. C
Exposure Category B:
 Typically urban and
suburban areas.
 Numerous closely
spaced obstructions
having the size of
single-family homes
Exposure Category C:
 Typically locations on
open terrain
 Obstructions scattered
and less than 30 ft in
height.
 APPLIES TO ALL
COASTAL AREAS in
hurricane prone regions
IF IN DOUBT, USE CATEGORY C OR CHECK WITH LOCAL
BUILDING DEPARTMENT!

21. Building Zones
End Zone
“a” = 10% of
smaller building
dimension
Interior (or Internal)
Zone
Note: On pitched roof, h is the distance
from the ground to half the total rise

22. So Why Do Design Pressures Matter?
Design Pressure affects:
1. Allowable shutter span.
2. Fastener type and spacing that must be
used.
3. Shutter components that can be used.
4. Intermediate supports (i.e. purlins for roll-up
shutters).

23. Example
h = 20 ft
a = 5 ft (10% of 50 ft)

24. Example (cont.)
End Zones
1 5432
Openings 1 & 5 are in the end zone; 2,3 and 4 are in the interior zone

25. Example (cont.)
Duval County (120 mph)
 Shutters for Openings
1& 5 must meet +30.5/-
44.7 psf
 Shutters for Openings
2, 3, and 4 must meet
+30.5/-33.1 psf
Puerto Rico (145 mph)
 Shutters for Openings 1 &
5 must meet +45.2/-60.2
psf
 Shutters for Openings 2,
3 and 4 must meet
+45.2/-48.9 psf
So, Let’s assume the building is in Exposure C
So, let’s design a roll-up shutter installation for Opening #5

26. Step 3: Assess the Installation
 Take basic height and width measurements
 Select the candidate shutter type(s)
 Determine the wall system (i.e. poured
concrete, CMU, wood frame)

27. Step 4: Verifying the Installation
 For the shutter type(s) in question, locate the
appropriate engineering drawing:
 For FBC Product Approvals, these can be
obtained by download from
www.floridabuilding.org
 For Miami-Dade Approvals, these can be
obtained by download from
http://www.miamidade.gov/buildingcode/pc-search_

28. Verifying the Installation: Span
 Determine the span as the dimension
between structural attachments.
 Height of shutter is the span dimension for
accordion and Bahama shutters. It may be
the span dimension for storm panels (vertical
panel orientation) and wind screen
 Width of shutter is span dimension for roll-up
shutters, Colonial shutters, and may be the
span dimension for storm panels (horizontal
panel orientation) and wind screen.

29. Verifying the Installation: Substrate
 IMPORTANT: In order to use Product
Approval Drawings for shutter design, the
type of material to which the shutter will be
attached must appear in the drawing.
 Typically, poured concrete, CMU and wood
frame are given in the drawings.

30. Verifying the Installation: Specific
Mounting Condition
 Identify the particular drawing that shows the
components that you wish to use – note any
potential discrepancies between what you
propose to do and what is drawn.
 Drawings will detail fastener type, point to
charts that give fastener spacing, show other
components that may be used, etc.

31. Verifying the Installation - Summary
 If the span is acceptable based on your
design pressure, and;
 If the substrate to which you will attach is
given in the Product Approval Drawing, and;
 If the way you intend to install the shutter is
shown,
 SUCCESS!

32. Example: Assumptions for Opening #5
 Walls are made from CMU, filled around
opening,
 Opening dimension is 180” x 96”
 Mounting track directly to the wall

33. Example: Wind Design (Steps 1&2)
 In Coastal Duval County, Basic Wind Speed
is 120 mph, Exposure C – End Zone; Design
Pressures = +30.5/-44.7 psf
 In Puerto Rico, Basic Wind Speed is 145
mph, Exposure C – End Zone; Design
Pressures = +45.2/-60.2 psf

34. Example – Assess the Installation
(Step 3)
 Product Choice – Roll-a-way AL6E
 Substrate – CMU
 Dimensions of Opening are 180” x 96”

35. Example – Verify the Installation:
SPAN
 For Duval County, max.
pressure is -44.7 psf –
max slat span is 197”;
the proposed span of
180” is ALLOWED
 For Puerto Rico, max.
pressure is -60.2 psf –
max slat span is 160”;
the proposed span of
180” is NOT ALLOWED
Excerpt from Roll-a-way/QMI AL6E
Product Approval Drawing FL5825

36. Example – Verify the Installation:
SUBSTRATE & MOUNTING CONDITIONS
 Concrete/CMU Wall
Mount of Roll-Up
Shutter is specifically
listed as a condition on
the product approval
drawing.
 Substrate is acceptable.
 Proposed mounting is
acceptable.
Excerpt from Roll-a-way/QMI AL6E
Product Approval Drawing FL5825

37. Review The Approval Documents
Florida-Building-Code-Approval-FL-5825-R2.pdf

38. But What Do We Do in Puerto Rico?
 Choose a different product that has
acceptable span;
 Choose a different product that utilizes the
height as span (i.e. an accordion shutter);
 Choose a different product that utilizes purlins
(intermediate storm bars)
 If critical for particular product, inquire about
site-specific engineering.

39. Impact Standards
 Tested under specific conditions outlined by
test protocols – ASTM E1886/1996 is most
common. TAS 201/202/203 is used by Miami
Dade County and recognized by FBC. Either
is recognized by IBC.
 For FBC & IBC, penetration of test object is
allowed, as long as a tear is not greater than
5” x 1/16”, or if a hole, that it is not larger than
3” at the widest point.

40. What Does Large Missile Impact
Rating Mean?

41. What Does Large Missile Impact
Rating Mean?
 Under ASTM E1886/1996, this
could have various meanings
at different wind speeds!
 Usually, this is understood to
be “Missile D” – a 9 lb 2x4 fired
at 50 fps (approx.30 mph)
 TAS201/202/203 all refer to the
9 lb 2x4 at 50 fps.
 After impacting, the shutter is
subjected to cyclic wind load
testing and must pass.

42. What Does Small Missile Impact
Rating Mean?
 Under ASTM E1886/1996, the test involves
firing 10 2g steel balls at the shutter at 130
fps (approx. 88 mph)
 Shutter is subjected to the same cyclic wind
load testing as for Large Missile Impact test.

43. Why Is Impact Resistance Important?
 Gives a measure of how well the shutter
performs against windborne debris.
 Code (FBC2007 & IBC2006) requires Large
Missile Impact level of protection at 0-30 ft of
building height, and Small Missile Impact
above 30 ft.

44. What is Miami-Dade Compliance?
 Often misunderstood by the general public –
refers not only to the product but many details
concerning installation.
 Methodology is the same as other codes, with
important exceptions!
 Deflection Requirement – at maximum
deflection, shutter cannot be closer than 1” to
the glass.
 Much stricter pass/fail for impact tests – no
penetration of shutter permissible.

45. How Does Miami-Dade Code Affect
You?
 Do you live in Miami-Dade County?
 If not, is Miami-Dade Code specified by an architect
or contractor as part of a bid proposal?
 Or, is it just a customer’s whim based on a buzzword
he/she has heard??
The Bottom Line: We have products that fulfill Miami-
Dade criteria, but with greater limitations in style and
features, and with greater expense. Does the
customer really need it?

46. Water Infiltration through Glazed
Openings
 Occurs when rain is driven
into openings by storm force
winds.
 Any operable opening is
susceptible, but sliding glass
doors are the worst.
 While doors must be rated to
withstand the same wind
pressures as shutters, code
only requires modest
performance against water
infiltration – often as little as
15 psf!

47. Effect of Shutters on Water Infiltration
 Most shutters will greatly improve water
infiltration, but will not stop it.
 Well-designed and installed roll-up shutters
have potential to virtually stop water
infiltration – bottom slat can form a seal with
deck, or window sill.

48. Extreme Water Infiltration Test

49. End – Session I
Questions? Discussion?

50. Session II – Overview of Hurricane
Shutters

51. Until This Decade, This Was the
Standard:

52. Each Shutter Type Has Unique Profile
of:
 Aesthetics
 Ease of Deployment
 Performance Characteristics
 Daily Use Features (Secondary Benefits)
 Cost

53. Roll-Up Shutters
 Best form of protection against
ALL storm forces; unparalleled
performance against wind-driven
rain
 Numerous motorized or manual
means of deployment
 Can be installed directly over
windows/doors or as balcony
enclosure.
 Available in several colors,
aluminum or vinyl slats, retained
or non-retained systems

54. Roll-Up Shutter Installation Examples

55. Roll-Up Shutters – Secondary Use
Benefits!
Use Every Day for:
 Security
 Privacy
 Insulation against unwanted heat, noise, and light
 Fingertip control of room lighting

56. Accordion Shutters
 Simple to deploy.
 Cost-effective storm
protection
 Excellent economical
choice for balcony
enclosures.
 Used often for upper-
floor operable window
protection.
 Excellent all-around
shutter with exceptional
value

57. Accordion Shutter Applications

58. Bahama Shutters
 Made from durable extruded
aluminum
 Powder coated finish
 Adds “Islands flair” to home
 Reduces light, adds privacy
 Easy to deploy
 Available as impact rated
version, or decorative blade
spacing.
 Tubular slat or decorative, low-
cost bent metal slat

59. Colonial Shutters
 Tough extruded aluminum
construction, powder coated
finish.
 Adds “traditional” flare to
home
 Easy to deploy
 Available in impact or
decorative blade spacing
(tubular slat), or in bent
metal decorative slat.
 Available as bi-fold (or tri-
fold) for protection of larger
openings.

60. Storm Panels
 Economical protection,
requires manual
deployment
 Panels made from
aluminum, galvanized
steel or impact-resistant
polycarbonate plastic.
 Wide variety of header/sill
options; panels can be
vertically or horizontally
oriented.

61. In-Place Stainless Steel Impact
Screens
 Heavy-duty extruded
aluminum frame, durable
powder coated stainless steel
mesh
 Always in place, no need to
deploy.
 Reduces light, solar heat gain.
 Protects against debris
impacts.
 Provides security protection
 Available for arched and non-
rectangular openings.

62. In-Place Stainless Steel Impact
Screens
ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION CLEANING
INTERVAL
Mild More than 6 miles
from
Beachfront or
sheltered bay
Every 6
Months
Moderate ½ mile to 6 miles
from beach -front or
sheltered bay
2 to 3
Months
Marine Up to ½ mile from
beachfront
Or sheltered bay
2 to 4
Weeks

63. Fabric Wind Screen
 Can be mounted
directly over openings
or as balcony
enclosure.
 Manual, mechanized or
motorized deployment.
 While impact resistant,
fabric’s deflection is
high, which can allow
glass breakage.
 Modest cost.

64. Impact Glass
 To be discussed later.

65. Hurricane Film
It Doesn’t Exist*
“There were several IMMEDIATE AND VERY
SERIOUS ISSUES which were discussed that could
cause immediate enforcement action against
individuals or individual companies. The first of these is
the use of statements such as safety/security films
being “shutterless” hurricane protection; that is,
implying that if these films are installed, there is no
need to consider shutters or other Florida-approved
methods of hurricane protection. This statement, used
alone, could clearly be considered misleading or false.”
International Window Film Association
*Residential Use

66. The “Typical” Installation –
A Little Bit of Everything!

67. Session III -Proper Installation

68. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings

69. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings

70. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
Impact Windows Are Not
Designed to Stop Water
Infiltration!

71. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
In Fact, They Only Need To
Perform To 15% Of The
Design Pressure For Water
Infiltration

72. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
Mold and Mildew Starts to
Grow Within 48 Hours.

73. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
Generally When There is a
Wind Event Power is Lost…
Sometimes for Several
Weeks

74. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
A Small Rock Impacting
The Glass Causes The
Same Damage As The
Tested 2 x 4

75. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
Replacing An Impact Rated
Window Is Very
Expensive…
Even When They
Performed As Designed

76. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
Many Experts Believe That
After The Next Big Event
Impact Glass Will Be
Required On All
Openings……..

77. Impact Glass
Fact and Misunderstandings
With A Hurricane Shutter
Protecting Them!!