1. b
Assignment
Task
COMM50
PG Study
&
Research
Methods
Module
1
A & B
Final
Submission
Date
Level 7
2014
Department of Computing
Postgraduate Programme
09/03/2014
09/03/2014

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SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORYAND VISUAL
MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TASK A
1 INTRODUCTION:........................................................................................................................... 3
2 STRENGTH OF USING OLFACTORY:.................................................................................................3
2a) ENGAGING USERS AND OLFOTO: ..................................................................................................4
3 WEAKNESS OF USING OLFACTORY:................................................................................................ 4
4 APPROPRIATENESS OF METHODOLOGY VALIDITY:..........................................................................5
5 USER & TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES:................................................................................................ 5
6 RELIABILITY:.................................................................................................................................6
7 REFERENCES:................................................................................................................................ 6
8 WEB REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 6
TASK B
9 INTRODUCTION:......................................................................................................................... 10
10 RELATIVEEVALUATION OF OLFACTORYANDENHANCEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA (COMPARINGAND
CONTRASTING):.......................................................................................................................... 10
11 MEDIA APPLICATION WITH OLFACTION AND ITS OLFACTORY SYNCHORNIZATION:......................... 11
12 SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS SYNCHRONIZED MEDIA AND OLFACTION:........................ 13
13 FUTURE WORK INDICATION: ....................................................................................................... 14
14 OUTLINE OF METHODS ............................................................................................................... 14
15 REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................. 14
16 WEB REFERENCE(S):.................................................................................................................... 14

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MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
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SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORYAND VISUAL
MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
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1 INTRODUCTION:
According to GEORGHITA GHINEA and
OLUWAKEMI ADEMOYE, Brunel
University, UK, Olfaction, or smell has
been the most recent challenges for
multimedia applications had to rule over.
“Olfactory data may be used to enhance
the meaning and provide clarity of user
presented information and increase the
sense of reality and enjoyment in
multimedia applications where most of the
existing work is done by using olfactory
data integrated with other media objects
have mostly been done in the virtual
reality field” of references by [Boyd et
al.2006; Dinh et al. 1999; Drolet et al.
2009; Jones et al. 2004; Kaye 2001;
Nakamoto et al. 2008; Richard et al. 2006;
Tijou et al. 2006; Washburn and Jones
2004; Zybura and Eskeland 1999] and
only a single case informed by [Washburn
and Jones 2004] shows enormously
noteworthy that olfactory data could of
such systems which might impact on the
feel of realism of a presentation relatively
and substantially.
Fig.01 An Example, Showing An
Olfactory of Access Mode Value
multimedia program
2 STRENGTH OFUSING
OLFACTORY:
The related work, olfactory data gains the
grounds in regards to source to output
structure and where an inquiry is purely
depending on the shoulders of manhood
to be recognized and characteristics
smells to add up other informational
requirements, such as show business or
infotainment fragranced results into
figuring technology, its specific
presentations of multimedia. This
research widely focused on using
olfactory data and computer established
smell and as in contrary which is
redundant, a link of output via which
conclusions might be drawn in
multimodal displays of information. This
research method contributed drastic
foundation for resolving any future work
relating to olfactory in multimedia and
computer.

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SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORYAND VISUAL
MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
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2a) ENGAGINGUSERS ANDOLFOTO:
One research by Bodnar et al. [2004]
produced a structure with the help
involving olfactory data where the
experiment had to be examined the
consequences of usage of graphical
acoustic/olfactory displays in delivering
certain announcements which had been on
a operator’s appointment in a cognitive
chore. Another research effort which
extensively focused at the implication of
consuming workstation spawned odor
which is the labor who have been
supported by Kaye [2001, 2004], moreover
his exploration claimed a vital role in a
crafting responsiveness regarding certain
matters, glitches and boundaries through
the assistance olfactory data. It also
functioned as decent key points for certain
progression and its applicability in
business above a year.
3 WEAKNESS OF USING
OLFACTORY:
The major weakness with their experiment
have been the usage of olfactory
notifications, which were very low in
effective delivery of desired
announcements to end users and since that
smells which were used in Kay’s research
although it was comparable and different.
The enduring odors which had been
generated, thin air made it quite
problematic in aware of occurrence for
fresh air, on top of that their lack of
experience in operating olfactory data
what has to impact directly on their
enactment of allocated task. Another
reported incident of using olfactory data in
one research conducted by [Kaye 2001,
Washburn and Jones 2004], takes an
another by “Research in Augmented and
Virtual Environment Systems (RAVES)
University of Florida” while usage of
olfaction enriched interactive program
particularly in a simulated authenticity
which is basically a fire combatant virtual
reality exercise by Cater’s squad observed
which adds the well-meaning contribution
in their research, when one needs to be
enormously cautious with the intensity of
smells such as waste odors(litter, human
and animal vomit) and non-food (disposed
plastics and pharmaceuticals emitted from
chemist stores) as relevant graphical
examples are as under(see references
below):
The Above example shows certain allergic
reactions and bodily sickness and they had

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SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORYAND VISUAL
MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
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no control over these hazards in their
experiment whereas using olfactory data
and after relevant researches by
[Nakamoto and Yoshikawa 2006],
olfactory data possess variety of technical
difficulties in achieving high quality
olfactory enhanced multimedia displays.
4 APPROPRIATENESSOF
METHODOLOGY VALIDITY:
According to G. Ghinea and O. Ademoye,
researched in Gulliver and Ghinea [2006]
they discovered three variables where
olfaction enhancement displays could be
understood, the graphical view is as under:
Another study has been done by Brewster
et al. [2006], who observed that
information of olfactory for a program
material exploring, cruising recovery
leaded to a hunt of digital photo
assortments. He sophisticatedly compared
outcomes in context of treatment; labeling
then aroma grounded labeling of digital
photos by operators from digital library
called “Olfoto”.
5 USER & TECHNICAL
PERSPECTIVES:
The multimedia quality concerned issues
in relation with how those combined
media objects would be coded for
transportation of information while
capably and proficiently considering user’s
and technical substantial perceiving values
intact with media objects referenced by
[Ghinea and Thomas 1998; Serif et al.
2004; Jumisko-Pyykkὅ et al. 2006, 2007;
Kato and Hakozaki 2006]. It also helped
their research in achieving certain drastic
points in completion of their experiment
and its validity including their focused
experiment questionnaire which are as
under:
 Aroma Detection
 Acceptance of Aroma
 Volume of Aroma
 Appropriate Alertness
 Incitement on temperament
Fundamentally method of examination
was having “Dale Air’s Vortex Active
Scent dispensing system”, where 36
contributors total took part in above valued
research breaking down into sixteen
masculine and twenty feminine at their
years eighteen and forty.

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6 RELIABILITY:
[Ghinea and Thomas 1998, jumisko-
Pyykkὅ et al. 2007] used a repeated
procedures of “ANOVA” assessment
compatible for examining statistics from
within subjects. Almost 6 video category
were to be exposed to participants so
therefore G. Ghinea and O.Ademoye
applied one sample t-test to inspect got
their level of implication was p < 0.05
adopted. Moreover, usage of olfaction
multimedia which displays a clear cut
increased sense of reality and appropriate
relevance and also results are shows where
users are tolerant of the interference,
distortion effects when it is caused
olfactory effect in world of multimedia.
7 REFERENCES:
 [Boyd et al.2006; Dinh et al. 1999; Drolet
et al. 2009; Jones et al. 2004; Kaye 2001;
Nakamoto et al. 2008; Richard et al. 2006;
Tijou et al. 2006; Washburn and Jones
2004; Zybura and Eskeland 1999],
[Washburn and Jones 2004]
 Kaye[2001, 2004]
 Bodnar et al. [2004]
 GEORGHITA GHINEA and
OLUWAKEMI ADEMOYE, Brunel
University
 Gulliver and Ghinea [2006]
 Brewster et al. [2006]
 [Ghinea and Thomas 1998; Serif et al.
2004; Jumisko-Pyykkὅ et al. 2006, 2007;
Kato and Hakozaki 2006]
 [Nakamoto and Yoshikawa 2006]
8 WEB REFERENCES
 http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility
/afav3p0pd/AfA3p0_BestPractice_v1p
0pd.htm
 http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?biw=
1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=EJd
zsJP-
YKKReM%3A&imgrefurl=https%3A
%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fpatent
s%2FUS5724256&docid=UoejqHJN5
B9mfM&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fp
atentimages.storage.googleapis.com%
2Fpages%2FUS5724256-
1.png&w=2320&h=3408&ei=974NU
_6ZFaev7QbM94DABg&zoom=1&v
ed=0CFsQhBwwAg&iact=rc&dur=18
36&page=1&start=0&ndsp=24
(Information accessedon feb 26, 2014)
 http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?sa=X
&biw=1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbn
id=h9wAjcbWKQtpjM%3A&imgrefu
rl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochemj.o
rg%2Fbj%2F340%2F0837%2Fbj3400
837.htm&docid=XeaQ5GSKTKLkK
M&imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bi
ochemj.org%2Fbj%2F340%2F0837%
2Fbj3400837f04.gif&w=501&h=710
&ei=xr4NU4_LH6OK7Aauq4CwCQ
&zoom=1&ved=0CHsQhBwwDA&ia
ct=rc&dur=701&page=1&start=0&nd
sp=22
(Information accessedon feb 26, 2014)

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SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORYAND VISUAL
MEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION
05/03/2014
 http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?sa=X&biw=
1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=B2HOoygt
vgRe6M%3A&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2F
www.google.com%2Fpatents%2FUS5515490
&docid=rtFSpeEJnU6BMM&imgurl=https%3A%
2F%2Fpatentimages.storage.googleapis.com%2
Fpages%2FUS5515490-
3.png&w=2320&h=3408&ei=xr4NU4_LH6O
K7Aauq4CwCQ&zoom=1&ved=0COoBEIQc
MC4&iact=rc&dur=836&page=2&start=22&
ndsp=26
 (Information accessedon feb 26, 2014)
 http://www.daleair.com/vortex-activ
(Information accessedon feb 26, 2014)

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9 INTRODUCTION:
In understanding user’s experience in
perceived multimedia quality levels
beyond the stage offered by classic audio
visual systems whereas according to
researchers, Niall Murray, Yuansong Qiao,
Brian Lee1, Karunakar A. K., Gabriel-
Miro Muntean (Software Research
Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology),
Ireland, (Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal University), India, (School of
Electronic Engineering, Dublin City
University), Ireland respectively agrees on
the results obtained having experiment in
regards to user’s perception of inter-stream
synchronization between data of
olfactory(scent) and video (without
relevant audio). The impact on user’s
quality of experience while having
consideration enjoying relevance and
realism in contrasting synchronous with
asynchronous presentation of the olfactory
data and video media is than analyzed. In
above most recent research they found out
the temporal boundaries within which
user’s perspective olfactory data and video
to be synchronized. Nowadays the research
members are extending their experiment
list with so called jargons such as e-touch,
e-taste,
e- smell and the result is emergence of
multisensory message and its experience.
The rationality of enhancing multimedia
applications to stimulate further audio
visual senses is to be increased by the
user’s quality of experience (QOE).
Olfaction is basically the sense of smell
where different scents have been used
upon users in multimedia, in particular
with movies as it was focused on the user
which is generally referred to as Universal
Multimedia Experience(UME). There are
different factors when humans perceive
smell differently based on their age, sex,
mood and life experiences.
Synchronization in multimedia systems
Was required and they thought when
transmitting the above declared media
streams for example
 Audio
 Video
 Haptic
 Olfactory
10 RELATIVE EVALUATION OF
OLFACTORY AND
ENHANCEMENT OF
MULTIMEDIA(COMPARING
AND CONTRASTING):
An essential requirement of multimedia
systems includes different enhanced
olfactory data where it could be
synchronized display of multiple media.
The research on media applications while
synchronization of multisensory media
applications have been an effective
research area. Representation for olfactory
data between several sensory effects as a
portion of its Sensory Effects Description
Language (SEDL) among the Sensory
restrictions. . A low effort hs been made in
documenting on user’s perceived inter-
tributary synchronization of olfactory data
with supplementary media where
audiovisual olfactory, haptic and olfactory
itself being the exceptions, Whereas the
existing research has already been covered
by having olfactory data integrated with
types of media objects in the virtual reality
field [Bod et al. 2006; Dinh et al. 1999;
Drolet et al. 2009; Jones et al. 2004; Kaye
2001; Nakamoto et al; 2008; Richard et al.
2006; Tikou et al. 2006; Washburn and
Jones 2004; Zybura and Eskeland 1999
where the picked up single case reported

12. [SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORY AND VISUAL MEDIA
SYNCHRONIZATION] March 5, 2014
Page 11
by [Washburn and Jones 2004] shows
drastic results in regards adding olfactory
data to such systems hammered on the
sense of realism of different applications
quite considerably. In subjective
evaluation of olfaction works were
attempted to address the problems of scent
lingering approach from the emitter of
scent viewpoint. According to G. Ghinea
and O. Ademoye They realized smell
output to convey information in such a
way that related information of application
must have been conveyed and they called
it “Olfactory icons” and odor dispersion
provided an abstract bonding with data it
expresses where they call it “Smicons”.
11 MEDIA APPLICATION WITH
OLFACTION AND ITS
OLFACTORY
SYNCHORNIZATION:
The research, where most of the
assignments had been covering and
according In Gulliver and Ghinea [2006],
Ghinea, G and Odemoye, O [2012],
Ghinea and Thomas [1998], Cater and his
team [Dinh et al. 1999; Kaye 2001;
washburn and Jones 2004] they used the
olfactory device called Dale Air’s Vortex
Active scent dispensing system for odor
Whereas both of the research initiated on
same platform by developing questionnaire
and sample data . Six multimedia excerpts
were of dimension 240 x 180 pixels were
to be seen by participants with a sample of
36 where 16 of them were male and 20
was females of ages between 18 and 40.
Some evidences with their statistical
results are as under in Fig 01, 02, 03 and
04:
Fig 01

13. [SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORY AND VISUAL MEDIA
SYNCHRONIZATION] March 5, 2014
Page 12
Fig 02
Fig 03
Fig 04
Where in contrast, the later case the
evaluation of olfactory and visual media
synchronization making contestants to see
six videos of 90s duration (audio was
removed). Every footage had been divided
in three 30 seconds blocks whereby the
30s block was containing content
interrelated with scent being offered
however their research sample was
consisted on 43 assessors were gathered
(20 female and 23 male) with people of
multiple nationalities between ages of 19
to 56 having primary data collecting which
was a questionnaire where rating scale was
same as compared to recent research by
GEORGHITA GHINEA AND
OLUWAKEMI ADEMOYE by Brunal
University U.K, some related results and
Figures are as followed:
Fig 05

14. [SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORY AND VISUAL MEDIA
SYNCHRONIZATION] March 5, 2014
Page 13
Fig 06
Fig 07
Fig 08
Fig 09
12 SIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTION
TOWARDS SYNCHRONIZED
MEDIA AND OLFACTION:
According to Niall Murray, Yuansong
Qiao, Brian Lee1, Karunakar A. K.,
Gabriel-Miro Muntean (Software Research
Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology),
Ireland, (Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal University), India, (School of
Electronic Engineering, Dublin City
University), Ireland respectively has made
outstanding efforts in the field of olfaction
its subjective evaluation and visual media
synching, the way he conducted research
on above area of technology, people’s
assessor’s skewness, their sense of reality,
sense of relevance and sense of enjoyment
while widening his span of research with
gathering multicultural background people
where its sample size was also high as
compared to earlier research done by
G.Ghinea and O, Ademoye and etc. For
reference see figures from 06 to 09
compatibly.

15. [SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF OLFACTORY AND VISUAL MEDIA
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Page 14
13 FUTURE WORK INDICATION:
1. Olfactory could also be built in medical
apparatus so those machines would be able
to understand the human’s sensory system
more accurately
2. Olfactory data applicability will make the
life smooth especially for doctors,
construction engineers and dogs where
they are exposed to different odors to
identify certain problem.
3. This research would be helping in
understanding human’s sinus enhancement
and brain co-ordination in identifying
odors and where normally it doesn’t
happened.
14 OUTLINE OF METHODS
 A portable device which could measure
and differentiate odors to gain
consciousness.
 An un-disposable microchip could be
installed in human’s sensory system to
boost up their odor detection skills.
15 REFERENCES:
 Niall Murray, Yuansong Qiao, Brian Lee1,
Karunakar A. K., Gabriel-Miro Muntean
(Software Research Institute, Athlone
Institute of Technology), Ireland, (Manipal
Institute of Technology, Manipal
University), India, (School of Electronic
Engineering, Dublin City University),
Ireland
 [Bod et al. 2006; Dinh et al. 1999; Drolet
et al. 2009; Jones et al. 2004; Kaye 2001;
Nakamoto et al; 2008; Richard et al. 2006;
Tikou et al. 2006; Washburn and Jones
2004; Zybura and Eskeland 1999,
[Washburn and Jones 2004]
 Gulliver and Ghinea [2006], Ghinea, G
and Odemoye, O [2012], Ghinea and
Thomas [1998], [Dinh et al. 1999]
16 WEB REFERENCE(S):
 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=
&arnumber=1667645&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_a
ll.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1667645
( Accessedon Feb 25, 2014 )