This document provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative research. It defines research and describes the research process. It explains that qualitative research uses methods like interviews and observations to understand phenomena in their natural settings, while quantitative research makes predictions, tests relationships, and generalizes results using numerical data and statistics. Both methodologies are useful in healthcare research, with qualitative research exploring topics like patient experiences and quantitative research using methods like randomized controlled trials.

1. Understanding
Qualitative and
Quantitative
Research
Presented by: Ambika Mishra and Madhurima Saha
A GCMER SRC INTIATIVE

2. what is
Research?
RESEARCH DESIGN

3. Research is defined as the creation of new
knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in a new and creative way so as to
generate new concepts, methodologies and
understandings. This could include synthesis
and analysis of previous research to the
extent that it leads to new and creative
outcomes.

4. RESEARCH PROCESS
Literature review
Articulating the problem
statement and Study Intent
Conceptual Framework Research Design
Data Measurement
Data Analysis and
Interpretation

5. EXPLORATORY CONSTRUCTIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL
RESEARCH DESIGN

6. Quantitative
Research

7. make
predictions,
test causal
relationships
Uses of
Uses of
Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
find patterns
and averages
collecting and
analyzing
numerical
data
generalize
results to
wider
populations

8. method
methodology
general strategy for
answering a research question
specific steps and techniques
that are used to collect data
and implement the strategy
Feasibility
Feasibility
Approach
Approach
which methodology
to pick?

9. Experimental
Research
Observational
Research
Association
research
psychometric
research
Quantitative methodologies

10. Experimental
research

11. Sampling
Probability based
(Random sampling)
Non-Probability based
(convienence sampling)

12. Quasi-
experimental
True-
experimental
Experimental
Experimental
research
research

13. Observational research
Psychometric
Associative

14. Psychometric research
Surveys
direct
examination
written
exams
screening
tools
PSYCHOMETRIC
PSYCHOMETRIC
TOOLS
TOOLS

16. correlational causal-
comparitive
Associative
Associative
research
research
relating something within 1
group
relating something between 2 or more
groups

17. Evaluation through instruments available
for evaluating medical research methods and providing
a structured approach to the evaluation process
Data Analysis and
evaluation
MERSQI NOS-E
Medical Education Research Study Quality
Instrument
Newcastle Ottawa ScaleEducation
through statistics
descriptive
analysis
inferential
analysis

18. Qualitative
Research

19. “Qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the
observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive,
material practices that make the world visible. These
practices…turn the world into a series of presentations,
including field notes, interviews, conversations,
photographs, recordings, and memos to the self. At this
level, qualitative research involves an interpretive,
naturalistic approach to the world. This means that
qualitative researchers study things in their natural
settings. Attempting to make sense of, or interpret
phenomena in terms of the meanings, people bring to
them.''
-Denzin and Lincoln

20. FOCUS GROUP
ONE ON ONE INTERVIEW
PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION
NARRATIVE
LIFE HISTORY
DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

21. Structured unstructured
semi-structured
Types of interviews
advantages disadvantages
Flexibility
exploring new ideas
producing richer data
Longer time to conduct and analyze
Research might go off track

22. Non-Probability based
Sampling
convienence sampling
purposive sampling
intensity sampling
snow-ball sampling

23. Grounded theory Ethnography
Phenomenology
Qualitative methodologies
Phenomenology and Ethnography
commonly used in healthcare

24. PHENOMENOLOGY

26. ETHNOGRAPHY

28. GROUNDED THEORY

30. Data Analysis
widely used qualitative data analysis software
Open Code, MAXQDA, NVivo, Atlas.ti, and Hyper Research
Transcription
of data
Breaking data
into 'codes'
identification
of themes and
interpretation
grouping and
interpretation
of codes
1 2
3
4

31. QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE VS

32. objectivism epsteimology constructivism
Deductive Reasoning Inductive
correlations, cause and effect, theory testing objectives
understanding individual and context,
theory building
what?
why?(cause)
how?(mechanism)
questions
why?(explanation)
how?(processs)
experimental or observational methodologies
grounded theory, phenomenology,
ethnography
RCTS, surverys, statistical analysis methods observations, intervies, focus groups, etc
Conclusive Research type Exploratory
Qualitative
Quantitative

33. Quantitative and
Qualitative
Research in
Healthcare
Both have different objectives in
healthcare, and might also be used
together and complimentarily

34. - Hypothesis formulation
- Enrich results interpretation
Doctor-patient interactions
social and cultural effects
behavioral studies
Evidence-based healthcare
research
RANDOMISED CONTROL
TRIALS
Complimentarity
Quantitative Qualitative

36. Thank you!