The document discusses interfacing an Arduino board with Python using the PyFirmata library, including initializing communication between an Arduino and Python, configuring pins for input/output, and examples of digital output, analog output, reading analog/digital sensors, and interfacing with MS Excel by writing data to sheets and adding charts.

1. Faculty of Engineering Science & Technology(FEST)
Hamdard Institute of Engineering Technology(HIET)
HAMDARD UNIVERSITY
Instructor
ABDUL HASEEB
HANDS-ON WORKSHOP ON PYTHON
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Faculty Development Program (Session-10)
Python Arduino Interfacing

2. Arduino and MS Excel Interface
with Python

3. Arduino

4. Firmata
• Firmata (Italian word)
Library is use to make
Arduino board as Slave
board for Computer
programs like Python, C
etc.
• Simply it MAKES or ADD
IO pins to computer

5. Process of Interfacing Arduino
• Configure Arduino with Standard Firmata
Program
• Interface Arduino through PC or Laptop via
PyFirmata package

6. Setting Arduino Board and Port

7. Open Standard Firmata from Example

8. Upload the Standard Firmata program to
Arduino Board

9. Complete the Arduino IDE window
• Arduino Board is
Configure with Firmata.
Note the Port name:
Tool>>Port>>Port_Name
• No need of Arduino
Software further, so
close it

10. Working on PyFirmata
• PyFirmata is not a build-in package for Python
IDLE, so first install PyFirmata

11. Initializing PyFirmata
1) Import Module
import pyfirmata
2) Initialize Arduino Board and Com Port Name
Syntax:
board_name_variable = pyfirmata.Arduino_Board(Com Port Name)
Example:
Arduino Uno
board = pyfirmata.Arduino(‘COM4')
Arduino Mega
board = pyfirmata.ArduinoMega (‘COM4')
Arduino Due
board = pyfirmata.ArduinoDue (‘COM4')
For Raspberry pi the com name will be /dev/ttyACM0
Example:
board = pyfirmata.Arduino('/dev/ttyACM0')

12. Setup Pin
The get_pin function is used to set pin as Input or Output and also set
the
Syntax:
Pin_name = board_name.get_pin(‘d/a:pin_number:i/o’)
Example:
• LED = board.get_pin('d:13:o')
• switch = board.get_pin('d:4:i')
• analog = board.get_pin('a:0:i')
• led_PWM = board.get_pin('d:10:p')
• servo = board.get_pin('d:11:s')
Working
Signal Type
a (analog) d (digital)
i (input)  
o (output)  
p (PWM)  
s (servo)  

13. Digital Output
import pyfirmata
from time import sleep
board = pyfirmata.Arduino("COM4")
led = board.get_pin('d:13:o')
print("Press Ctrl + c to Exit")
try:
while True: #Infinite Loop
led.write(1) #ON LED
sleep(1) #Delay
led.write(0) #OFF LED
sleep(1) #Delay
except:
print("Program End!")
finally:
led.write(0) #Clear LED before close
board.exit()

14. Analog Out (PWM)

15. Analog Out (PWM)
import pyfirmata
board = pyfirmata.Arduino("COM4")
led_brightness = board.get_pin("d:3:p")
print("Press Ctrl + c to Exit")
try:
while True:
duty = int(input("Enter Brightness (0 to 100)= "))
led_brightness.write(duty / 100.0)
except:
print("Program End!")
finally:
board.exit()

16. Controlling a Servo Using PyFirmata

17. Controlling a Servo Using PyFirmata
import pyfirmata
board = pyfirmata.Arduino("COM4")
servo_pin = board.get_pin("d:7:s")
print("Press Ctrl + c to Exit")
try:
while True:
angle = int(input("Enter Angle (0 to 180):"))
servo_pin.write(angle)
except:
print("Program End!")
finally:
board.exit()

18. Reading Analog or Digital data from
Arduino
• PyFirmata uses the concept of an Iterator to
monitor the Arduino input pin. The reasons
for this are bound up in the implementation of
Firmata.
it = pyfirmata.util.Iterator(board)
it.start()
Pin_name.enable_reporting()

19. Digital Input
import pyfirmata
board = pyfirmata.Arduino("COM4")
switch = board.get_pin(“d:4:I”)
led = board.get_pin(“d:7:o”)
it = pyfirmata.util.Iterator(board)
it.start()
switch.enable_reporting()
print("Press Ctrl + c to Exit")
try:
while True:
if switch.read() == True:
led.write(1) #ON LED
print('Switch is High')
else:
led.write(0) #OFF LED
print('Switch is Low')
except:
print("Program End!")
finally:
led.write(0) #Clear LED before close
board.exit()

20. Analog Read
import pyfirmata
from time import sleep
board = pyfirmata.Arduino("COM4")
analog = board.get_pin('a:0:i')
it = pyfirmata.util.Iterator(board)
it.start()
analog.enable_reporting()
print("Press Ctrl + c to Exit")
try:
while True:
reading = analog.read()
print(reading)
sleep(1)
except:
print("Program End!")
finally:
board.exit()

21. Python Interface MS Excel

22. About MS Excel
For today`s Workshop participant must know
the following about MS Excel
• Workbook
• Worksheet
• Cell
• Rows address
• Column address
• Charts

23. MS Excel View

24. Writing data in MS Excel through Python
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws1 = wb.create_sheet()
ws.title = "Workshop Sheet"
ws['A1'] = "Integer"
ws['B1'] = "Float"
ws['C1'] = "String"
ws['A2'] = 1000
ws['B2'] = 50.50
ws['C2'] = "Hamdard"
wb.save(r"C:.........workshop.xlsx")

25. Handle the file open Error
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
try:
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
wb.save(r"C:.........workshop.xlsx")
except PermissionError:
print("Please close the MS Excel Workbook")

26. Add Image and Merge Cell
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
try:
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.merge_cells('A1:B1') #Merge Cell
ws['A1'] = "Pakistan Zindabad"
Pak_Flag = Image(r"C:.........Pakistan.PNG")
ws.add_image(Pak_Flag, 'A2')
wb.save(r"C:.........workshop.xlsx")
except PermissionError:
print("Please close the MS Excel Workbook")

27. Add Sheet to Workbook
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
try:
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active #First Sheet
ws.title = "First"
ws['A25'] = "First Sheet"
ws2 = wb.create_sheet() #New Sheet
ws2['A25'] = "Second Sheet"
ws2.title = "Second"
ws3 = wb.create_sheet() #New Sheet
ws3['A25'] = "Third Sheet"
ws3.title = "Third"
wb.save(r"C:.........workshop.xlsx")
except PermissionError:
print("Please close the MS Excel Workbook")

28. Accessing Multiple cell
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
try:
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = "Number"
ws['B1'] = "Square"
for i in range(10):
ws.cell(row = i+2 , column = 1 , value = i)
ws.cell(row = i+2 , column = 2 , value = i*i)
wb.save(r"C:.........workshop.xlsx")
except PermissionError:
print("Please close the MS Excel Workbook")

29. Adding Chart to Worksheet

30. Adding Chart to Worksheet
import openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import
BarChart,Reference,Series
try:
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = "Number"
ws['B1'] = "Square"
for i in range(1,11):
ws.cell(row = i+1 , column = 1 , value = i)
ws.cell(row = i+1 , column = 2 , value = i*i)
#Working for Chart
chart = BarChart()
chart.title = "Square Values Chart"
chart.style = 13
chart.x_axis.title = 'Number'
chart.y_axis.title = 'Square of Number'
x_axis = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2,
max_row=i+1)
y_axis = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1,
max_col=2, max_row=i+1)
chart.add_data(y_axis, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(x_axis)
ws.add_chart(chart, "D2")
#Save Workbook
wb.save(r"C:UsersHomeDesktopworkshop.xlsx")
except PermissionError:
print("Please close the MS Excel Workbook")

31. Chart

32. Workshop Exercise
• Get Analog data from Arduino, Save it in Excel
sheet and Generate its chart