The document outlines various proxy wars during the Cold War, including the Greek Civil War, Korean War, Vietnam War, Bay of Pigs, Chilean Coup, Angolan Civil War, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Each conflict showcases the involvement of superpowers, where the U.S. supported anti-communist forces, while the USSR backed communist movements, increasing global tensions. The results of these wars significantly impacted the political landscape of the respective countries and contributed to the broader dynamics of the Cold War.

1. Conflicts in which one superpower provides some form of support to a group that opposes their rival. In this conflict the superpowers use 3 rd parties rather than directly fighting each other. Kim Rodney smallwarsjournal.com serbianna.com

2. Greek Civil War: 1946-1949 In 1942-1944 there was German occupancy in Greece. The Greek government was in exile and unable to influence the situation in Greece. In this time, various groups of differing political associations appeared. This war was fought between the Greek governmental army, supported by the UK and the US, against the Democratic Army of Greece and the military branch of the Greek Communist Party KKE, backed by Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and the Soviet Union. U.S. financial aid through the Marshall Plan stabilized the Greek government and its military help aided in forcing the communists back to the North. Yugoslavia ended its support of the Greek rebels in July 1948, which resulted in the communists surrender, announced on August 28, 1949. This war benefitted the U.S as the Greeks were left with a strongly anti-communist security establishment. This would lead to the establishment of the Greek military Junta of 1967–1974, and a legacy of political division. However, this war increased Cold War tensions. Wikipedia.org militaryphotos.net

3. Korean War: July 25, 1950-July 27, 1953 At the end of WWII Korea was divided into two zones of occupation, a Soviet zone and an American zone. Tension increased between Soviet influenced North Korea and US influenced South Korea and on July 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations backed South Korea and called upon its members to help South Korea. Two days after the invasion President Truman authorized use of U.S. land, sea, and air forces in Korea. Then a week later the UN placed 15 member nations forces under U.S. command. In the first few weeks North Korea met little resistance, advancing rapidly. A counter attack began on September 15, driving North Korean forces back. They continued to fall back until January 1951 when they began to move south again. After President Eisenhower was elected, negotiations were made and finally and armistice was signed. The Soviet Union trained and equipped the North Korean army and supplied weapons to its Chinese assistance. Where the U.S. provided most of the assistance for South Korea. This would have increased cold war tensions as it made the capitalists even more distrustful of the communists and neither side actually truly won in this conflict. http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/korea/oneill.html wikipedia.org warchat.org commons.wikimedia.org

4. Vietnam: November 1, 1955- April 30, 1975 This war was fought between the communist supported North Vietnam and the capitalist supported South. The Viet Cong (South Vietnam communist controlled) fought a guerrilla war. The Vietnam People's Army (North Vietnam) engaged in a conventional w ar. Occasionally sending large units to battle. U.S. and South Vietnam relied on air and firepower to do search and destroy operations. Soviet ships in the South China Sea gave early warnings to communist forces in South Vietnam. These advance warning gave them time to move out of the way of bombers. While the bombing caused extensive, they didn't kill a single military or civilian leader in the headquarter complexes because of these warnings. The USSR supplied North Vietnam with medical supplies, weapons, artillery, planes, and other essential military equipment. On top of this, Soviet crews fired surface-to-air missiles at the bombers. After the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian officials acknowledged that the USSR had put 3,000 troops in Vietnam during the war, donated about $2 million a day, and training to more than 10 000 Vietnamese soldiers. The US saw involvement in the war as a way to prevent communists from taking South Vietnam. North Vietnam saw the war as colonial, first against France, backed by the US, and later against South Vietnam, which they regarded as a US puppet state. US military advisors began arriving and involvement went up in the 1960s. After the policy called Vietnamization was introduced, U.S. ground forces were withdrawn. Despite Paris Peace Accords, signed in January 1973, fighting continued. Finally in April 1975, the capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese army marked the end of the Vietnam War. The following year North and South Vietnam were reunified. This war would have served to increase cold war tensions, as again the communists were fighting the capitalists, both were backed by either superpower. ...... Wikipedia.org Perspectives on Ideology . wikis.nyu.edu channel.nationalgeographic.com

5. Bay of Pigs- April 17-19 1961 The Bay of Pigs invasion was an attack on the communist government of Fidel Castor in Cuba by exiles, trained by the US CIA and Military. On April 17, 1961 about 1500 members of the Cuban Expeditionary force landed on the South Coast of Cuba, the Bay of Pigs, with 177 paratroopers along. The fighting lasted two days before the exiles were forced to retreat. This attack failed because of poor planning, not enough U.S. support, and the false hope that Cuban rebels would help out. In this Proxy war the USSR benefited because communism was successfully in place in Cuba and this invasion increased suspicion and mistrust of the U.S. by the Cuban people, and solidified the relationship between Cuba and the Soviet Union. Perspectives on Ideology text napoleon130.tripod.com independent.co.uk

6. Chilean Coup d’état- September 11, 1973 Salvador Allende was elected as a socialist president in 1970 to the U.S.A.’s dismay. In the past Chilean elections the CIA had interfered quite considerably to prevent the socialists from winning. During Allende’s rule, he renewed relations with communist Cuba and USSR. Allende signed a Statute of Constitutional Guarantees, stating that he would follow the constitution during his presidency. The United States feared "an irreversible Marxist regime in Chile“. Shortly after Allende coming to power, Nixon gave millions of dollars in funds for the CIA to unseat Allende by creating political instability in Cuba. On September 11, 1973, the democrat government of Salvador Allende in Chile was overthrown by a CIA backed military coup. A military junta obtained control of the government. This was composed by heads of air force, navy, police force, and army led by General Augusto Pinochet who assumed power after the coup. When he established a military dictatorship which ruled Chile until 1990. This period was marked by severe human rights violations. A weak uprising against the Pinochet government was maintained inside Chile by those sympathetic to the former Allende government. It is reported that Allende had a long-lasting relationship with the KGB and the Cuban packages scandal had revealed arms smuggling from Cuba. Though some sources also suggest that the Soviet Union was sympathetic to Allende, but did not assist him because they believed he was "weak" for not using force against opposition. It is thought by some that the USSR refused to finance Allende mainly because of his unwillingness to form a Soviet-type system. Wikipedia.org, Perspectives on Ideology Textbook tabankhamosh.blogspot.com bukisa.com

7. Angolan Civil War: 1975- May 31, 1991 After Angola gained independence from Portugal, civil war has dragged on. In this conflict the U.S. have gave millions in weapons to UNITA (the more capitalist rebels) and FNLA, (its military counterpart) through the military assistance program. This aid was increased significantly through ten years before it was suspended. China was also responsible for supplying military aid to the FNLA. South Africa also gave more than $80 million in military aid to UNITA right up until the early 1990’s. The Soviet Union was responsible for sending most of the aid to the Marxist government (the MPLA). This was an estimated 2 billion dollars worth of weapons per year. Cuba supplied about 200 million dollars in Soviet weaponry. In the period of 1975-76 the CIA supplied anti-communist rebels to Angola with arms and communication equipment. On top of all of this the MPLA and UNITA spent large amounts on other weapons. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union considered this war essential to the “global balance of power”, and the outcome of the cold war. This served to increase Cold War tensions. Perspectives on ideology textbook, wikipedia.org cubanembassy.net whydemocracy.net

8. December 27, 1979 – February 15, 1989 The Soviet Union invaded in 1970 to support a pro-Soviet rule and gain a friendly neighbor. The US had the CIA equip anti communist Afghan’s with WWI rifles and other weapons, which cost the USA around $5 million/ year. Later, US officials became convinced that if they put enough money in, the US would be able to defeat the Soviet’s. This caused the budget to increase to $750 million. After the Soviet retreat from Afghanistan in 1989, they left allies (the Afghan army) behind to fight a strong force. The U.S. would have been the ones to win this conflict, in a way, as the Soviet’s were the ones who retreated, and left the communist fighters weakened. Perspectives on Ideology withfriendship.com news-california.com life.com