The document discusses different management styles such as autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. It also covers important traits for managers like being efficient, organized, and flexible. Vocabulary related to management is defined, and a discussion is provided around the most versus least important traits for a manager which include being flexible, efficient, and sociable as most important.

1. Ruben Lichtert 2016-2017
2 MA06
Business English 2B
Docent: Sofie Carels
PoPP 2A
(= Proof of Personal Progress)

2. Inhoud
Unit 6: Risk: preparations .............................................................................................................. 3
Risk Report................................................................................................................................... 5
Risk survey................................................................................................................................ 5
Writing assignment: report ‘original’ task ................................................................................... 7
Writing assignment: Report ‘Revised’ task .................................................................................. 8
Unit 7: Management styles...........................................................................................................21
Unit 9: Raising finance..................................................................................................................24
Pecha kucha:................................................................................................................................26
Online Communication assignment(OCT)......................................................................................37
Affords........................................................................................................................................38
TED presentations....................................................................................................................38
English activities:......................................................................................................................38
Final feedback report...................................................................................................................40

3. Unit 6: Risk: preparations
A) In some cases,I findmyself ariskyperson.Life isboringenough,soIt’simportanttotake
riskssometimes.
Drivinga car after drinkingfourbeersisariskI took. Drivinga little bittohard withthe car.
B) Most: a car / smoking/stocksandshares/ online
C) Less:train / jogging/cash / private sales
D) Investa lotof moneyina newproject.
Buy sharesto have a biggershare inthe market.
Vocabulary
Predict Meet assess Manage
Foresee
Calculate
Meet
Meet
encounter
Face
Estimate
prioritize
Evaluate
identify
spread
Weighup
Evaluate
eliminate
minimize
B)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
E f g d c b a
C)
1) slight LOW 9) serious HIGH
2) great HIGH 10) negligible LOW
3) minuscule LOW 11) significant HIGH
4) considerable HIGH 12) immenent FUTURE
5) potential FUTURE RISK 13) substantial HIGH
6) immediate FUTURE 14) terrible HIGH
7) huge HIGH 15) tremendous
8) remote FUTURE
D)
1 High level of risk(
2 Low level of risk(
E) talkin pairs!
Listening
a) internal risk:injuriestoemployeeswithinafactoryor, alternatively,afire ina warehouse.
External risk:anearthquake, atsunami affectingasite or a change in exchange-rate
mechanism.
b) hazards  um, typhoons,hurricanes&fires.
Strategic:the availabilityof newtechnologies,looksatthe areaof competition
Operational:employmentrisks
Financial:alack of liquiditywithinanorganisation
c) five keystepstorisksmanagement:
1: to recognise the strategicobjectivesforyourorganisationandthe keyprocessesthatyour
organisationuses.
2: identifywhatthe risksaffectingthe organisationmightbe.
3: assesand prioritise those risks
4: mitigatingrisks

4. 5: Those actionsare flowedbackthroughto one’sstrategicobjectivesagain.
d) - the bankingindustryworldwide
- American- basedclothingretailer
- video-cassette industry
Reading
a) personally
b) The importance of risks
c) 1. As a shipownerssoughttoprotectthe increasingvalue of theirshipsandcargoes
2. that are insurance companiesthatcoversuchlarge risksneeda secondarymarketwhere they
can place them.
3. quote
d)
e)
1 2 3 4 5
Productliability damages portfolios accumulation catastrophes
f)
1 2 3 4 5
damages liability Catastrophe Portfolio accumulation
g)
Bear spring meet Pave Spread
The brunt To mind A need The way The risks
h)
1 2 3 4 5
Springto mind Pave the way Bear the brunt Spreadthe risks Meeta need
i)
Language review
a)
- strengthen:entirely/extremely/fully/highly/Increasingly/totally/Very/exceptionally/reasonable
- soften:a bit/fairly/moderately/quite/rather/slightly/somewhat
b)
1: exceptionally
2: very/highly
3: extremely
4: entirely/quite
5: rather/very/quite
c) inpairs!

5. Risk Report
Risk survey
1. Gender?
 Male
 Female
2. How oldare you?
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 Older?
3. Are you a risktaker?
 Yes
 No
4. How oftendoyoutake risks?
 Daily
 Weekly
 Monthly
5. Do youenjoytakingrisks?
 Yes,it givesme satisfaction
 It dependsonthe situation
 No,It leavesme cold
6. Do youlike takingrisksat school?Forexample:goingtoanexamunprepared?
 Yes,I wouldtake the risk
 No,I’m alwaysprepared
 Sometimes
7. Wouldyouevergo to classbeingdrunk?
 Yes
 No!
 It dependsonhowdrunkI am
8. Whichof these riskswouldyoutake?
 Drivinga car beingdrunk
 Spenda lotof moneyintoshares
 Bet ona football game
9. Have you evertake a riskcausedby peerpressure?
 Yes
 No

6. 10. Wouldyouevergo to school withoutone minute of sleep?
 Yes,sometimesIdo
 No,I needmysleep
 It dependsonthe situation
11. How manydrinkswouldyoudrink,whenyoushoulddrive acar?
 I don’tdrinkwhenIhave to drive a car
 1-3
 More than 3
12. Wouldyoueverstepinthe car withsomeone whyyoudon’tknow?
 Yes
 It dependsonthe situation
 No
13. Wouldyouwalkhome alone froma party?
 Yes
 It dependsonthe distance
 No
14. Have you everstolensomethingfromastore?
 Yes
 No
15. Wouldyourfriendsdescribe youasa risktaker?
 Yes,I alwaystake risks
 Yes,I sometimestake risks
 No,I nevertake any risk

7. Writing assignment: report ‘original’ task

8. Writing assignment: Report ‘Revised’ task

9. Report on Risks
By Ruben Lichtert and Kevin Meert
Lector: Sofie Carels
2MA06

10. Executive summary
It’s a well-known fact that everyone in the world has to take risks in their lives. Some of
us have to take them daily, weekly and others monthly. It doesn’t matter how old you are
or what gender you have, there comes a time in your life when you have to take risks. A
risk can have a totally different meaning in every person’s life. Some risks can also be
dangerous, so it’s important to think about the hazards. We have written this report with
the purpose to create a specific image of what a risk taker would look like. We asked
each participant 15 questions to create a general image of this person. Some questions
are more general related and other questions are situated in specific situations. The
survey was filled in by 34 participants. Our research shows us that 58,8% thinks of
themselves that they are risk takers. The other 41,2% thinks that they aren’t risk takers.
When we take a look at the frequency, se see that 50% takes a risk weekly. Another big
group are the people who only take monthly risks (41,2%). Thirdly we have the smallest
group of 8,8% who take daily risks. Something else that we discovered is that 67,7%
people already have taken a risk by peer pressure. We also took a closer look at drunken
driving. We see that 17,6% would still drive after more than 3 drinks. Another group of
44,1% would have 1-3 drinks and still drive. Only 38,2% will not drink when they have to
drive. On the question have you ever stolen something from a store 52,9% answered
yes. The other 47,1% answered no. Our conclusion is that more people are risk takers
that we eventually thought. So we could recommend tot these people that they have to
think careful before you take a risk, because it can have a big impact on your life.

11. Table of contents
1. Cover
2. Title page
3. Executive summary
4. Table of contents
5. Introductions
6. Findings
7. Conclusion
8. Recommendations

12. Introduction
This report will look at:
 Risks at school
 The most taken risks
 The influence of peer pressure
 Drunken driving
Findings

13. As youcan see, we got a lotof differentanswersbut mostof ouraudience are males. The reasonfor
these conclusionis,we sendthisreporttoall ourfriends.Mostof our bestfriendsare males,soit
was easiertoaskthemto fill inour questions.
We’re convicedthatour olderaudience will take more risksthanyoungerpeople. Aswe see inthe
graph,most of our participantsare olderthantwenty-three yearsold.So,we canconclude thatolder
people wouldtake anyriskfasterthanyoungerpeople.Reasonforthisconclusioncouldbe,that
olderpeople have more experience inlife.Theyknow somethingmore aboutrisksinlife.
We can conclude that58,8 percentsee themselfasa risktaker. The other41, 2 percentsee
themselvesnotasa reallyrisktaker.So,we canconclude thatit’sfifty-fifty.

14. We askedouraudience howoftenthey take risks. Aswe cansee inthe graphabove,we can
conclude thatmost of themtake risk weekly. Fiftypercentof ouraudience dotake risksweekly,
that’sa lot. 8.8 percenttake risksdailyandthe other41.2 percentdotakessome risksmonthly.We
see a bigdifference betweentake risksweeklyanddaily.
If we askedouraudience,theyenjoytakingrisks,mostof themanswerusthatit dependsonthe
situation. We thinkwhenitdependsonthe situationmostof uswill take some risks,because life will
be boringif we nevertake any risk.
There isstill 20 percentthatsaid,itgivesme satisfaction.So,theytake riskveryfrequentlybecause it
givesthema goodfeeling.
There isa small groupof our audience,whosaidthatrisksleavesthemcold.

15. Goingto an examunpreparedisa risk,thateverystudentonce will take inlife. Forexample,when
theydidn’tknowwhattheyhadto learnor if theygot 2 examsonone day. Inthiscase, theyneedto
choose one examonwhichtheyput all theirmotivation.Fiftypercentisalwaysbeingpreparedfor
theirexams.The otherhalf wouldsometimestake the risktogounpreparedtoan exam.
On the questionif youwouldevergotoclassbeingdrunk,half of our audience answeredthatit
dependsonhowdrunktheyare.
In fact,of thiswe agree withthisgroup.On a school day,you’ve gota lotof breakssometimes.In
these breaksitspossiblestudentsgotoa bar and drinksome alcohol.
It’snot the goal beingdrunkasfuckedinclass,but 20 percentwouldgoto class beingdrunk.That’sa
lotwe conclude.

16. As youcan see mostof the participants(57,6%) wouldbetona football game.Ifoundthisthe most
logical choose because itisthe lowestrisk.Youcouldbetona football game with2eurosfor
example.Anotherlarge groupare the oneswowouldspendalotof moneyintoshares.An
explanationforthisisthatwe are all economicstudentswhohave some interestinshares.Atleast
we have the smallestgroupwhowoulddodrunkendriving.Drunkendrivingisthe onlyillegal riskand
thisisthe reasonsthatthe fewestpeople have chosenthisoption.
On the question“Have youevertakenarisk causedbypeerpressure?”67,6% answeredyesand
32,4% answeredno.We can conclude thatwe live ina societywhere we have tobe “cool”.
Sometimeswe dothingsbecause we wanttobe part of a group.

17. Whenaskedthe question“Wouldyouevergoto school withoutone minute of sleep?”The majority
of 47,1% answered“itdependsonthe situation.Icanimagine itdependsonfactslike “Isitan
importantlesson”or“Do we have a presentation/testthatlesson”.20,6% answered“Yes,sometimes
I do” and anotherpart of 32,4% answered“No,Ineedmysleep”.
The resultsof thisquestionare terrifying.Almost20% of our friends woulddrinkmore than3drinks
whentheyhave todrive a car. The majoritywoulddrinkbetween1and3 drinks.Andanotherbig
groupof 38,2% wouldneverdrinkswhentheyhave todrive acar. Theyare the smartestof us.

18. These resultsare notthe resultswe wantedtosee.Almost30% of our friendswhostepinthe car
withsomeone theydidn’tknow.Thisisverydangerousbecause youdon’tknow if thispersonhas
theirdriverlicense.47,1%answered“itdependsonthe situation”.Andonlyasmall groupof 23,5%
answereddirectly“No”.
On thisquestionthe majorityof 61,8%answeredyes.InmyeyesIfoundthisverydangerousbecause
there are alreadyhappenedalotof murderswhenpeoplewalkedhome alonefromaparty. Never
have I readthat a groupof people waskilledwhentheywalkedhome fromaparty.32,8% answered
“it dependsonthe distance”andonly5,8% wouldnevertake the riskwalkinghome alone froma
party.

19. 52,9% answerednoonthisquestionandthe otherbigpart of 47,1% answeredyes.Iam sure that all
of ushave everthoughtoff stealingsomethinglittle inastore butonly47,1% have actuallydidit.
Thisis a small riskbutyou don’twantto get caught andget calledathief.
Only7,1% are 100% sure that theirfriendswouldcall themarisktakerbecause theyalwaystake
risks.The majorityof 72,7% answered“Yes,Isometimestake risks”.21,2% of themare sure that
theirfriendswouldnevercall themarisktakerbecause theyneverhave takenanyrisks.
Conclusion

20. It can be seen veryclearlythatdifferencesdoexistbetweenmalesandfemales.Furtherdifferences
are foundedinthe characterof the person.
Recommendations
1. Thinkverycareful before youtake arisk,because itcan have a bigimpacton your life.
2. Sometimesyouneed totake arisk,because itwill bringsome tensioninyourlife.
3. If you wantto be a great manager,youmusttake risks.
KevinMeert& RubenLichtert
2MA 06
7 Mai 2017

21. Unit 7: Management styles
Starting up:
a)
1. Yes because youcan give him/herapresent orsenta message.
2. Not knowingwhere youare everytime of the day
3. You needsome criticise soyouknowwhatyouhave done wrong.
4. It’s dependsonthe situation
5. It’s notnecessary
6. They are the importantsthingshinthe company,soyouneedto helpthem
7. There is lessdistance betweenthe managerandthe staff.
8. Yes, it’snecessarytobe respectful forall youremployees.
9. It’s dependsonwhattype of manageryouare.
10. People wouldseewhatkindof companyyouare.
b)
1. leader:importantbecause youneedtoleadaproject
2. Decision-maker:A managertakesthe mostimportantdecisions.
3. Organiser:He needto organise aproject,new campaigns.
c) the loyaltyof staff:
Achievementsofresults:It’sthe mostimportantone because the headof the companywill only
base theiropiniononthe resultsof the company.
Popularitywiththeirsuperiors:
Vocabulary:
Considerate:inconsiderate/consideration Logical:unlogical /logic
Competent:incompetent/competentie Loyal:unloyal/loyality
Creative:uncreative/creativity Organised:unorganised/organisation
Diplomatic:undiplomatic/diplomatical Decisive: undeceive /decission
Efficient:inefficient/efficiency Responsible:irresponsible/responsibility
Flexible:unflexible /Flexibility Sociable:unsociable /sociability
Inspiring:uninspiring/inspiration Supportive: unsupportive/support
Most important: Lessimportant
1. flexible 1. diplomatic
2. efficient 2. considerate
3. sociable 3. decisive
4. organised 4. supportive
Autocratic Democratic
Centralising Collaborative
Directive Laissez-faire
Empowering Controlling
Hands-on delegating
Task-orientated People-orientated
1. empowering
2. My managementstyle wouldbe:everything hasbe undercontrol.Imust have a goodview of
everything.
3. Sociable,competetive,leadership,flexible,efficient,responsible

22. Listening:
a) 1: The abilitytomanage isan increasinglycompetitive,volatile,changing,business
environment.
Example:the growthof the so-calledBRICKnations.
2:The managertodayhas to manage withan increasingrate of technical change.
Example:informationcommunicationstechnology
b) consideration;respectandtrust/recognition&credit/involvement&availability/A sense of
justice/Positive actiononanindividual basis/emphasisonendresults.
c)
1. Direction 5. individual
2. organised 6. organisational
3. structure 7. committed
4. routine 8. direction& control
Reading:
a) like=open,creative,open-minded
dislike= close,
ideal workplace:all togheter,openbureau’s
b)
c)
d) Perfecionist,ruthless,demanding,volatile
e)
1 Ruthless 5 Anti-authoritarian
2 Perfectionist 6 Approachable
3 Talented 7 Demanding
4 Self-motivated 8 Volatile
f)
1 Talented 4
2 Anti-authoritarian 5 Self-motivated
3 volatile 6 Perfectionist
Skills:
Nameof the product:QuenchIcedTea
When will it be launched:nextMarch
Whatare its USP:several flavours(lemon,green,strawberry&grape) / sweetened,unsweetened
and dietversion
Whatwill the audiencetake away withthem:packagedinsingle-serve,55fluidouncesformulti-
serve.
B)
1 2 3 4 5
launched Unique features Different
versions/edge
Health-conscious
customers/
sellingpoint
c)
1: Turningnowto/ Highqualitytea
2: slide
3: What doesthismean?/It means/Customerschoice

23. 4: Beautifullydesigned/eye-catching/appealing/standout
5: summarise/appeal/Outstandingdesign/Comprehensivemarketingprogramme

24. Unit 9: Raising finance
Startingup:
a)
sources advantages disadvantages
A bank You are sure Theycan go intoliquidation
A friendorcolleague You can trust eachother You can have some discussions
A loanshark
A memberof yourfamily thrustworthy
A pawnbroker
A credit-cardcompany Can pay immediately You can lose yourcard
b) A loanshark
c)
1. No,because moneyisnotthe purpose.Friendshipisthe mostimportantthing.
2. yes
3.
4. Yes, I agree
5. No, a friendissomeone youreallyneedinlife.
6. No, you can alwaysbeingindanger.
7.
8.
d)
To buy a house andwhenI don’thave enough.Iwill loansome money.
vocabulary:
a)
1) Asset 6) Equity
2) Possession 7) Principal
3) Interest 8) Credit
4) Bankruptcy 9) Instalment
5) administration 10) Share
b)
1) Black 5) Liabilities
2) Grant 6) A return
3) Creditor 7) To go intoliquidation
4) A dividend 8) A deposit
c)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

25. Listening:
a)
1. Er, equity,eithercurrentshareholdersornew shareholders.
2. I wouldsee a businessbeing able toraise or,er,moneybyborrowing,throughdebt
3. There’sa hybrid,um,effectivelyacombinationof the two,um, intosharesorequity.
Private markets Publicmarkets Borrowingmoney
Confidentially,remaining Havinga much deeperpocket Have a far greateramountof
fundsavailable.
b) disadvantagesof:
Shares/equity Equitycarriesa fairlysignificantcapital cost.
Debt The interestburdenondebtisrequiredtobe paidon time.
Publicmarkets Theydon’tcreate that type of private relationshipthatyouwouldgetin
the private markets.
Private markets A lackof capital available if you’re asignificantbusiness.
c)
1. The breadthof opportunityavailability.
2. The speedof in…- the speedandqualityof information.
3. Anythingwhatalsohappenedisthatthe bankshave become less-relationship-drivenfrom
a financingperspective andmore relationship-drivenfromasalesanddistribution
perspective.
4. I thinkfrom an equityperspective,um, the-the-thechurnof sharesisso great,um, that
people have veryshort-termistnature.
d) in groups
Reading
a) Withshares
b)
Businessangels
Bank finance
Equityfinance
Debtfundraising
Venture capital funds
c) inpairs
d)
1 Theywere charging1500 justto submita business plan.
2 A four-dayprogramto helpambitiousentrepreneurs.
3 She discoveredathirdscheme.
4 Finnishinvestorsandfive LBA.
5
6
7
g) First,I will checkif herbusinessisrewarding.

26. Pecha kucha:

37. Online Communication assignment (OCT)
https://kayacassiman.wixsite.com/english2b

38. Affords
TED presentations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzyjDR_AWzE
1) DavidR. Williamsdevelopedascale to measure the impactof discriminationonwell-being,
goingbeyondtraditional measureslike income andeducationtoreveal how factorslike
implicitbias,residentialsegregationandnegative stereotypes.Inthiseye-openingtalk,he
presentsevidence forhowracismisproducingariggedsystem -- andoffershopeful
examplesof programsacrossthe US that are workingto againstdiscrimination.
2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI&t=24s
He givessome advice howwe cangetthe attentionof ouraudience. Have youeverfeltlike
you're talking,butnobodyislistening? Inthese video Juliantrytohelpyoufix that.As the
soundexpertdemonstratessome useful vocal exercisesandsharestipsonhow tospeakwith
empathy,he offershisvisionforakindfull worldof listeningandunderstanding.
3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOEB1Fr0_MM
It’sa topicI like the mostbecause Iknow how good itis to sleephoursenough.Iama person
whocan live withoutalotof sleep,butsome peoplesneedtheirsleep. Withthis
presentation, youknowhowyourlifecouldchange if youwake upat 4.30 am.
English activities:

39. A goodideato improve myEnglishwaswatchingonline someEnglishprograms.Inthis semester, I’ve
watchedall the seasonsof friends. Inthe beginning,itwasveryboringbecause Idon’tlike watching
some Englishprograms.
NowI’ve seenall the episodesandIconclude Ilearntsome new vocabulary. Itwasn’tdifficultto
understandeverythingbutsometimesthere were somewordsIdon’t understand.
AnotherEnglishactivityIdid,wasvisitingLondon.In March, I travelledacrossLondonwithmy
girlfriend,because we are inarelationshipfor5years.
In London,it’snormallyyoualwaystalkEnglish.IalwaystriedtotalkEnglishsomuchas I can, but
sometimesitwasdifficult. IbookedtworestaurantstalkingEnglishandIalsocalleda taxi to bringus
to the hotel.

40. Final feedback report
After making this personal proof of progress, I can conclude my English is a little bit
improved. I watched a lot of English televisions programs and listen only to English songs.
I think I made a little bit progress in comparison with the first semester. Every day I watched
some series trying to improve my English vocabulary and grammar.
Classes were better than the first semester, because we got some more explanation by every
unit we prepared. So, we got more vocabulary than the first semester.