The September 11th terrorist attacks had a severe impact on the mental health of millions of Americans, especially those living near the World Trade Center site in New York City. In response, New York State launched Project Liberty, a large-scale public health intervention to provide crisis counseling and education services to affected residents. Project Liberty served over 91,000 individuals through 42,000 encounters in its first few months. While most people received short-term counseling, around 9% of individuals were referred for longer-term mental health treatment due to more severe traumatic reactions. Preliminary analyses found Project Liberty was successfully reaching diverse communities and identifying those in greatest need of additional support.
Numerous hand written nominations were received from veterans nominating Dr. Earnest Blackshear, Psychologist, for the Employee of the Month. Below are some heartfelt comments regarding Dr. Blackshear: 1) “He has helped me in many ways about understanding my PTSD and all the things that go alone with it. If everyone cared about their job as he does, this would be a carefree medical center.” 2) “Dr. Blackshear deserves Employee of the Month because, not only does he help you with your problems, he has a sense of humor to go with it, so he makes it fun to sort out your problems. 3) “I would just like to express my gratitude for the services that Dr. Blackshear is providing. He has given me hope that I will be able to live a productive life despite my mental disability. I feel that he should be recognized as Employee of the Month, to say the least.” This is just a sample of the writings from the veterans. Over and over again, Dr. Blackshear is lauded for his compassion, inspiration, caring and how he motivates and support veterans. One veteran called him the “Fix It Man”. He was also described as an enthusiastic, high tempo, upbeat person who illuminates every room he enters and radiates and ignites all persons whom he encounters. These comments can go on and on. Dr. Blackshear has truly helped a lot of veterans since his coming to CAVHCS.
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
Numerous hand written nominations were received from veterans nominating Dr. Earnest Blackshear, Psychologist, for the Employee of the Month. Below are some heartfelt comments regarding Dr. Blackshear: 1) “He has helped me in many ways about understanding my PTSD and all the things that go alone with it. If everyone cared about their job as he does, this would be a carefree medical center.” 2) “Dr. Blackshear deserves Employee of the Month because, not only does he help you with your problems, he has a sense of humor to go with it, so he makes it fun to sort out your problems. 3) “I would just like to express my gratitude for the services that Dr. Blackshear is providing. He has given me hope that I will be able to live a productive life despite my mental disability. I feel that he should be recognized as Employee of the Month, to say the least.” This is just a sample of the writings from the veterans. Over and over again, Dr. Blackshear is lauded for his compassion, inspiration, caring and how he motivates and support veterans. One veteran called him the “Fix It Man”. He was also described as an enthusiastic, high tempo, upbeat person who illuminates every room he enters and radiates and ignites all persons whom he encounters. These comments can go on and on. Dr. Blackshear has truly helped a lot of veterans since his coming to CAVHCS.
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
Crisis Services Task Force Work Plan (August 2015) David Covington
In August 2015, the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention launched the Crisis Services Task Force. David Covington and Mike Hogan worked together with a group of consensus national experts, government and health plan administrators, provider executive leaders, people with lived experience and family members of those with serious mental illness.
Running head COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT1Community Health.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 1
Community Health Assessment 5
Pressure Ulcers and the Vulnerable Elderly Population
Community Health Assessment
Community Health Assessment
Introduction
Community needs evaluation is the process of collecting and analyzing public health information using both quantitative and qualitative approaches for a specific population. This discussion will focus on health information about the elderly population with pressure ulcers by concentrating on the public resources available, social health drivers, risk factors, quality of life, as well as how Mary Manning Walsh hospital provides essential services to this population.
Manhattan Borough, New York City
With a promise to give the most astounding quality medical care service to each individual in all the five boroughs in New York City, the NYC Health + Hospitals public healthcare sector is the biggest of its sort in the US (Efraim, 2010). Citizens of Manhattan district get public medical care service from clinics run by NYC. Pressure ulcers (PU) prevalence presents a substantial weight on medical care facilities. Improved therapeutic care and better living conditions have expanded the future of the old populace. Many aging victims experience the ill effects of severe and ceaseless infections, dietary inadequacies, and susceptibility (Issel & Wells, 2017). A major predisposing factor for PU is comorbidities notwithstanding the aging process bringing about idleness. The number of PU victims over the age of 80 years has been increasing due to prolonged life expectancy, leading to higher risk of disability and immobility. Higher mortality rate reported in Manhattan is a result of PU conditions (Barnidge et al., 2013). Another study shows, an average elderly person with stage IV hospital-acquired PU spends an average of $129,248 (Jaul & Menzel, 2014). A review done on repetitive admissions, an average of $124,327 is spent on community-procured PU. The higher appearance of complications and the extended time taken for patients in the facility to heal increases the health cost as the ulcer grade continues to develop. Intricacies, for example, contaminations or osteomyelitis, increase related financial expense altogether.
Existing Resources
Some of the available national, regional and local resources found in Manhattan borough to help in battling elderly pressure ulcer are:
Educational institutions
Regional and local community leaders
Federally funded Health Care Centers
Regional Public Health Networks
Local & regional hospitals
Department of Health and Human Services
State & local police departments
Granite State Independent Living
Strengths and weaknesses
A notable shortcoming that may be a hindrance with executing a public wellbeing program on pressure ulcers is the absence of familiarity as well as knowledge with the etiology of the pressure ulcer development, particularly at the community setting. Non-proficient care pr ...
Clinician’s Research Digest, An APA Journal – Supplemental Bulletin 39, “Improving Access to Behavioral Healthcare Services: The Georgia Crisis & Access Line,” part of a series on research-informed day-to-day clinical practice.
April 2005 Informational and Instructional Monograph from the Technical Assistance Collaborative. Uploaded for the National Action Alliance Crisis Services Task Force.
The fragility of health systems has never been of greater interest—or importance—than at this moment, in the aftermath of the worst Ebola virus disease epidemic to date. The loss of life, massive social disruption, and collapse of even the most basic health-care services shows what happens when a crisis hits and health systems are not prepared. This did not happen only in west Africa—we saw it in Texas too: the struggle to provide a coherent response and manage public sentiment (which often manifests as fear) in a way that ensures that disease does not spread while also allowing day-to-day life to continue.
In other words, we saw an absence of resilience.
This Viewpoint puts forth a proposed framework for resilient health systems and the characteristics that define them, informed by insights from other fields that have embraced resilience as a practice.
IntroductionThe National Health act of 1946 was a monumental bil.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
The National Health act of 1946 was a monumental bill that was passed that changed the mental health landscape in this country. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provides federal funding for psychiatric education and research. Mental illness is considered a common but undertreated health condition in the United States. According to the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, in 2014, approximately in 1 in 5 adults aged 18 or older in the U.S., around 43.6 million adults (18.1% of all adults in this country), had mental illness in the past year and roughly 9.8 million adults in the U.S. (4.1% of all adults in this country) had severe mental illness in the former year. Despite the magnitude of the frequency of this illness and the many evidence-based opportunities for applicable treatment and care, a significant proportion of individuals with mental illness do not receive the mental health services that they need.
Although there have been recent developments in mental health services and policy, there are still many problems with the U.S.’s mental health system. A persistent and major issue has been the lack of funding, which has resulted in a lack of access to services. For its time the National health act was ground-breaking as it ministered many and brought much awareness and improvement towards the field of mental health. However, now days we have a crippling mental health issue where there is a plethora of citizens suffering and not being treated along with affecting countless veterans, homeless, and convicts with no manner to receive help. Promoting local, state, and national collaborative efforts can aid in awareness of this issue and in the implementation of innovative solutions. By increasing mental health funding, the access and expansion of pertinent services and resources will lead to significant relief for those in need.
References:
Behavioral Health Trends In The United States: Results From The 2014 National Survey On Drug Use And Health". Samhsa.gov. N.p., 2017. Web. 15 Apr. 2017.
Book Reference
James, R. K. & Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th
ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Introduction
By far and away the vast majority of crisis counseling
is now handled by telephone. Most probably the
person on the other end of that telephone is a
volunteer who does not hold a degree in social work,
psychiatric nursing, counseling, or psychology. As
we move further into the 21st century, the Internet
is playing a larger and larger part in real-time crisis
counseling as is the smartphone with its app and
texting ability. Whether the service provider on the
Internet will be a professional with credentials, a well-
meaning volunteer with no training, a charlatan out
to steal your money or your daughter, or a computer
programmed to do crisis intervention is an interest-
ing question (Hsiung, 2002; Gross & Anthony, 2003;
James & Gilliland, 2003, pp. 417- 42.
Tweets about mental health could be predictor for ‘crisis episodes’Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A new study in the U.K. provides further evidence to support how social media can influence mental health. Scientists retroactively looked at how frequently certain mental health topics were tweeted about and correlated them with two health facilities' instances of “crisis episodes” — defined as in-hospital or at-home incidents requiring the attention of hospital mental health professionals or referrals to crisis centers.
There was a small uptick in episodes on days with a more-than-average number of tweets on depression and schizophrenia. The effect was higher when counting supportive or de-stigmatizing tweets: There was a 10% increase in crisis episodes at one facility on days with an above-average number of tweets supporting those with schizophrenia, for example. The findings only show an association, but could help health professionals better prepare for a possible increase in the need for mental health services.
Role of Public Health in Health and social Care
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.. 4
TASK-1. 5
1.1 Role of different agencies in identifying levels in health and disease in communities. 5
1.2 Statistics on the incidence and spread of infectious disease. Explain the epidemiology of one infectious and non-infectious disease and relevance of statistics in context to public health. 7
1.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in communities. 8
TASK-2 Be able to investigate the implications of illness and disease in communities for the provision of health and social care services. 9
2.1 Determine what are the current approaches to the provision of services for the people with disease or illness. 9
2.2 Explain the relationship between the prevalence of different diseases and the requirements of services to support individuals with the health and social care service
Chapter 8: Mental health in the aftermath of a complex emergency: the case of Afghanistan. In: advances in disaster mental health and psychological support, 2006. By Peter Ventevogel, Martine van Huuksloot, Frank Kortmann
Lesson 7 Adult Mental Health ServicesReadings Department of.docxSHIVA101531
Lesson 7: Adult Mental Health Services
Readings:
Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, Chapter 4 http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/comprehensivesites/l/blsgc4s1.htm
Greenberg, G.A. & Rosenheck, R.A. (2008). Jail Incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: A National Study. Psychiatric Services 59(2), 170-177
Watson, A., Hanrahan, P., Luchins, D., & Lurigio, A. (2001). Mental health courts and the complex issues of mentally ill offenders. Psychiatric Services, 52, 477-481
Frontline (May 14, 2005). The New Asylums. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/view/
New York Times (July 30, 2015). A psychologist as warden? Jail and mental illness intersection in Chicago. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/us/a-psychologist-as-warden-jail-and-mental-illness-intersect-in-chicago.html?_r=0.
Watch “The Released" (PBS) http://video.pbs.org/video/1114528522/
Scan:
President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Executive Summary. http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA03-3831/SMA03-3831.pdf
SAMHSA: Leading Change 2.0: Advancing the Behavioral Health of the Nation, 2015-2018. http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Leading-Change-2-0-Advancing-the-Behavioral-Health-of-the-Nation-2015-2018/PEP14-LEADCHANGE2
Introduction
This week the topic is adult mental health care. Although many attempts have been made over the years to create a coherent policy and a system of care for adults, these outcomes have been elusive. Although community programs were designed to address the abuses found in large institutions, deinstitutionalization did not live up to the promises for better treatment and services.
Deinstitutionalization
The issue of deinstitutionalization was briefly addressed in Lesson 2. A short refresher of historical developments leading up to deinstitutionalization, however, may be helpful.
Treatment options for persons with mental illness grew in the twentieth century as we began to apply new knowledge and treatments. In addition to somatic treatments such as electroshock therapy and psychosurgery developed during the 1930’s and 1940’s, the use of psychodynamic methods became better known after World War II. At the same time that psychodynamic orientation became more widely used, there was increasing interest in the impact of environment on mental disorders. The pioneer in this area was psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan. In fact, Grob (1991) credits Sullivan as the primary person who “paved the way for the collaboration of psychiatry and social science, and thus facilitated the emergence of socially oriented therapies . . .” after the war (p.140).
While Grob states that psychopharmacology was “virtually nonexistent” immediately following the war, this science made tremendous advances in a very short period during the late 1940’s and early 1950’s. During this time, clinical trials were conducted showing the results of the use of chlorpromazine, the first drug wi ...
Zero Suicide in Healthcare: International Declaration & Social Movement (The ...David Covington
Adopt the mindset. Change the world. It's the only goal we can live with.
Time line of the important milestones in the Zero Suicide in Healthcare initiative, starting with the 1990s US Air Force and 2001 Henry Ford Health System programs.
Post 1The whole community” approach as described in the Natanhcrowley
Post 1
The “whole community” approach as described in the National Preparedness Goal refers to the shared responsibility amongst governmental, non-governmental, public and private sector entities, communities and individuals to work together in order to ensure national security and promote resilient communities (FEMA.gov, 2015, p. 1-2). Meaning that individuals must not simply rely on the federal, state or local governments to ensure thier safety and security, but individuals must take thier own safety seriously. Furthermore, the problem does not go away with more funding. Appropriate guidance, laws, education, training, and equipment all play significant roles in national preparedness.
The concept of “whole community” is important when viewing both short- and long-term effects that natural and man-made disasters can have on a population. Hurricane Katrina is a perfect example of the lack of a "whole community approach" resulting in improper risk analysis and poor emergency planning. The substandard response and recovery efforts at the federal, state and community-level contributed to almost every issue negatively impacting this incident. Ultimately, there was no precedent for a natural disaster of that magnitude and community leaders and residents found themselves unprepared. There was no distinct chain of command to delegate resources for recovery and rescue operations. Breakdowns in coordination from the federal level to the local level were apparent. “State and local authorities understood the devastation but, due to destruction of infrastructure and response capabilities, lacked the ability to communicate with each other and coordinate a response, struggled to perform responsibilities such as the rescue of citizens stranded by the rising floodwaters, provision of law enforcement, and evacuation of the remaining population of New Orleans (Townsend, 2006, ch. 5).
The Federal Emergency Management Agency leads the charge of the whole community approach to emergency management with the goal of facilitating a culture that shifts primary responsibility from the federal government managing disaster recovery to a community-centric approach. Creating crosstalk between emergency management stakeholders, decision makers, and communities, facilitates exchange of information and best practices that can be shared between communities that have the same hazards and threats. Additionally, community leaders are able to form a shared understanding of thier respective needs and capabilities, leverage resources, strengthen infrastructure, forge more effective prevention, protection, response and recovery while increasing preparedness and resiliency across the community and the nation (FEMA.gov, 2011, p. 3).
Fostering a culture of shared responsibility places responsibility of emergency management on governments thereby sharing that responsibility amongst non-governmental, public and private sector agencies, and individual persons with the community ...
Crisis Services Task Force Work Plan (August 2015) David Covington
In August 2015, the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention launched the Crisis Services Task Force. David Covington and Mike Hogan worked together with a group of consensus national experts, government and health plan administrators, provider executive leaders, people with lived experience and family members of those with serious mental illness.
Running head COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT1Community Health.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 1
Community Health Assessment 5
Pressure Ulcers and the Vulnerable Elderly Population
Community Health Assessment
Community Health Assessment
Introduction
Community needs evaluation is the process of collecting and analyzing public health information using both quantitative and qualitative approaches for a specific population. This discussion will focus on health information about the elderly population with pressure ulcers by concentrating on the public resources available, social health drivers, risk factors, quality of life, as well as how Mary Manning Walsh hospital provides essential services to this population.
Manhattan Borough, New York City
With a promise to give the most astounding quality medical care service to each individual in all the five boroughs in New York City, the NYC Health + Hospitals public healthcare sector is the biggest of its sort in the US (Efraim, 2010). Citizens of Manhattan district get public medical care service from clinics run by NYC. Pressure ulcers (PU) prevalence presents a substantial weight on medical care facilities. Improved therapeutic care and better living conditions have expanded the future of the old populace. Many aging victims experience the ill effects of severe and ceaseless infections, dietary inadequacies, and susceptibility (Issel & Wells, 2017). A major predisposing factor for PU is comorbidities notwithstanding the aging process bringing about idleness. The number of PU victims over the age of 80 years has been increasing due to prolonged life expectancy, leading to higher risk of disability and immobility. Higher mortality rate reported in Manhattan is a result of PU conditions (Barnidge et al., 2013). Another study shows, an average elderly person with stage IV hospital-acquired PU spends an average of $129,248 (Jaul & Menzel, 2014). A review done on repetitive admissions, an average of $124,327 is spent on community-procured PU. The higher appearance of complications and the extended time taken for patients in the facility to heal increases the health cost as the ulcer grade continues to develop. Intricacies, for example, contaminations or osteomyelitis, increase related financial expense altogether.
Existing Resources
Some of the available national, regional and local resources found in Manhattan borough to help in battling elderly pressure ulcer are:
Educational institutions
Regional and local community leaders
Federally funded Health Care Centers
Regional Public Health Networks
Local & regional hospitals
Department of Health and Human Services
State & local police departments
Granite State Independent Living
Strengths and weaknesses
A notable shortcoming that may be a hindrance with executing a public wellbeing program on pressure ulcers is the absence of familiarity as well as knowledge with the etiology of the pressure ulcer development, particularly at the community setting. Non-proficient care pr ...
Clinician’s Research Digest, An APA Journal – Supplemental Bulletin 39, “Improving Access to Behavioral Healthcare Services: The Georgia Crisis & Access Line,” part of a series on research-informed day-to-day clinical practice.
April 2005 Informational and Instructional Monograph from the Technical Assistance Collaborative. Uploaded for the National Action Alliance Crisis Services Task Force.
The fragility of health systems has never been of greater interest—or importance—than at this moment, in the aftermath of the worst Ebola virus disease epidemic to date. The loss of life, massive social disruption, and collapse of even the most basic health-care services shows what happens when a crisis hits and health systems are not prepared. This did not happen only in west Africa—we saw it in Texas too: the struggle to provide a coherent response and manage public sentiment (which often manifests as fear) in a way that ensures that disease does not spread while also allowing day-to-day life to continue.
In other words, we saw an absence of resilience.
This Viewpoint puts forth a proposed framework for resilient health systems and the characteristics that define them, informed by insights from other fields that have embraced resilience as a practice.
IntroductionThe National Health act of 1946 was a monumental bil.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
The National Health act of 1946 was a monumental bill that was passed that changed the mental health landscape in this country. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provides federal funding for psychiatric education and research. Mental illness is considered a common but undertreated health condition in the United States. According to the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, in 2014, approximately in 1 in 5 adults aged 18 or older in the U.S., around 43.6 million adults (18.1% of all adults in this country), had mental illness in the past year and roughly 9.8 million adults in the U.S. (4.1% of all adults in this country) had severe mental illness in the former year. Despite the magnitude of the frequency of this illness and the many evidence-based opportunities for applicable treatment and care, a significant proportion of individuals with mental illness do not receive the mental health services that they need.
Although there have been recent developments in mental health services and policy, there are still many problems with the U.S.’s mental health system. A persistent and major issue has been the lack of funding, which has resulted in a lack of access to services. For its time the National health act was ground-breaking as it ministered many and brought much awareness and improvement towards the field of mental health. However, now days we have a crippling mental health issue where there is a plethora of citizens suffering and not being treated along with affecting countless veterans, homeless, and convicts with no manner to receive help. Promoting local, state, and national collaborative efforts can aid in awareness of this issue and in the implementation of innovative solutions. By increasing mental health funding, the access and expansion of pertinent services and resources will lead to significant relief for those in need.
References:
Behavioral Health Trends In The United States: Results From The 2014 National Survey On Drug Use And Health". Samhsa.gov. N.p., 2017. Web. 15 Apr. 2017.
Book Reference
James, R. K. & Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th
ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Introduction
By far and away the vast majority of crisis counseling
is now handled by telephone. Most probably the
person on the other end of that telephone is a
volunteer who does not hold a degree in social work,
psychiatric nursing, counseling, or psychology. As
we move further into the 21st century, the Internet
is playing a larger and larger part in real-time crisis
counseling as is the smartphone with its app and
texting ability. Whether the service provider on the
Internet will be a professional with credentials, a well-
meaning volunteer with no training, a charlatan out
to steal your money or your daughter, or a computer
programmed to do crisis intervention is an interest-
ing question (Hsiung, 2002; Gross & Anthony, 2003;
James & Gilliland, 2003, pp. 417- 42.
Tweets about mental health could be predictor for ‘crisis episodes’Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A new study in the U.K. provides further evidence to support how social media can influence mental health. Scientists retroactively looked at how frequently certain mental health topics were tweeted about and correlated them with two health facilities' instances of “crisis episodes” — defined as in-hospital or at-home incidents requiring the attention of hospital mental health professionals or referrals to crisis centers.
There was a small uptick in episodes on days with a more-than-average number of tweets on depression and schizophrenia. The effect was higher when counting supportive or de-stigmatizing tweets: There was a 10% increase in crisis episodes at one facility on days with an above-average number of tweets supporting those with schizophrenia, for example. The findings only show an association, but could help health professionals better prepare for a possible increase in the need for mental health services.
Role of Public Health in Health and social Care
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.. 4
TASK-1. 5
1.1 Role of different agencies in identifying levels in health and disease in communities. 5
1.2 Statistics on the incidence and spread of infectious disease. Explain the epidemiology of one infectious and non-infectious disease and relevance of statistics in context to public health. 7
1.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in communities. 8
TASK-2 Be able to investigate the implications of illness and disease in communities for the provision of health and social care services. 9
2.1 Determine what are the current approaches to the provision of services for the people with disease or illness. 9
2.2 Explain the relationship between the prevalence of different diseases and the requirements of services to support individuals with the health and social care service
Chapter 8: Mental health in the aftermath of a complex emergency: the case of Afghanistan. In: advances in disaster mental health and psychological support, 2006. By Peter Ventevogel, Martine van Huuksloot, Frank Kortmann
Lesson 7 Adult Mental Health ServicesReadings Department of.docxSHIVA101531
Lesson 7: Adult Mental Health Services
Readings:
Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, Chapter 4 http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/comprehensivesites/l/blsgc4s1.htm
Greenberg, G.A. & Rosenheck, R.A. (2008). Jail Incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: A National Study. Psychiatric Services 59(2), 170-177
Watson, A., Hanrahan, P., Luchins, D., & Lurigio, A. (2001). Mental health courts and the complex issues of mentally ill offenders. Psychiatric Services, 52, 477-481
Frontline (May 14, 2005). The New Asylums. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/view/
New York Times (July 30, 2015). A psychologist as warden? Jail and mental illness intersection in Chicago. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/us/a-psychologist-as-warden-jail-and-mental-illness-intersect-in-chicago.html?_r=0.
Watch “The Released" (PBS) http://video.pbs.org/video/1114528522/
Scan:
President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Executive Summary. http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA03-3831/SMA03-3831.pdf
SAMHSA: Leading Change 2.0: Advancing the Behavioral Health of the Nation, 2015-2018. http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Leading-Change-2-0-Advancing-the-Behavioral-Health-of-the-Nation-2015-2018/PEP14-LEADCHANGE2
Introduction
This week the topic is adult mental health care. Although many attempts have been made over the years to create a coherent policy and a system of care for adults, these outcomes have been elusive. Although community programs were designed to address the abuses found in large institutions, deinstitutionalization did not live up to the promises for better treatment and services.
Deinstitutionalization
The issue of deinstitutionalization was briefly addressed in Lesson 2. A short refresher of historical developments leading up to deinstitutionalization, however, may be helpful.
Treatment options for persons with mental illness grew in the twentieth century as we began to apply new knowledge and treatments. In addition to somatic treatments such as electroshock therapy and psychosurgery developed during the 1930’s and 1940’s, the use of psychodynamic methods became better known after World War II. At the same time that psychodynamic orientation became more widely used, there was increasing interest in the impact of environment on mental disorders. The pioneer in this area was psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan. In fact, Grob (1991) credits Sullivan as the primary person who “paved the way for the collaboration of psychiatry and social science, and thus facilitated the emergence of socially oriented therapies . . .” after the war (p.140).
While Grob states that psychopharmacology was “virtually nonexistent” immediately following the war, this science made tremendous advances in a very short period during the late 1940’s and early 1950’s. During this time, clinical trials were conducted showing the results of the use of chlorpromazine, the first drug wi ...
Zero Suicide in Healthcare: International Declaration & Social Movement (The ...David Covington
Adopt the mindset. Change the world. It's the only goal we can live with.
Time line of the important milestones in the Zero Suicide in Healthcare initiative, starting with the 1990s US Air Force and 2001 Henry Ford Health System programs.
Post 1The whole community” approach as described in the Natanhcrowley
Post 1
The “whole community” approach as described in the National Preparedness Goal refers to the shared responsibility amongst governmental, non-governmental, public and private sector entities, communities and individuals to work together in order to ensure national security and promote resilient communities (FEMA.gov, 2015, p. 1-2). Meaning that individuals must not simply rely on the federal, state or local governments to ensure thier safety and security, but individuals must take thier own safety seriously. Furthermore, the problem does not go away with more funding. Appropriate guidance, laws, education, training, and equipment all play significant roles in national preparedness.
The concept of “whole community” is important when viewing both short- and long-term effects that natural and man-made disasters can have on a population. Hurricane Katrina is a perfect example of the lack of a "whole community approach" resulting in improper risk analysis and poor emergency planning. The substandard response and recovery efforts at the federal, state and community-level contributed to almost every issue negatively impacting this incident. Ultimately, there was no precedent for a natural disaster of that magnitude and community leaders and residents found themselves unprepared. There was no distinct chain of command to delegate resources for recovery and rescue operations. Breakdowns in coordination from the federal level to the local level were apparent. “State and local authorities understood the devastation but, due to destruction of infrastructure and response capabilities, lacked the ability to communicate with each other and coordinate a response, struggled to perform responsibilities such as the rescue of citizens stranded by the rising floodwaters, provision of law enforcement, and evacuation of the remaining population of New Orleans (Townsend, 2006, ch. 5).
The Federal Emergency Management Agency leads the charge of the whole community approach to emergency management with the goal of facilitating a culture that shifts primary responsibility from the federal government managing disaster recovery to a community-centric approach. Creating crosstalk between emergency management stakeholders, decision makers, and communities, facilitates exchange of information and best practices that can be shared between communities that have the same hazards and threats. Additionally, community leaders are able to form a shared understanding of thier respective needs and capabilities, leverage resources, strengthen infrastructure, forge more effective prevention, protection, response and recovery while increasing preparedness and resiliency across the community and the nation (FEMA.gov, 2011, p. 3).
Fostering a culture of shared responsibility places responsibility of emergency management on governments thereby sharing that responsibility amongst non-governmental, public and private sector agencies, and individual persons with the community ...
1. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Vol. 79, No. 3, September 2002
2002 The New York Academy of Medicine
Project Liberty: a Public Health Response to
New Yorkers’ Mental Health Needs Arising
From the World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks
Chip J. Felton
ABSTRACT The September 11th terrorist attacks had a dramatic impact on the mental
health of millions of Americans. The impact was particularly severe in New York City
and surrounding areas within commuting distance of the World Trade Center. With
support from the federal government, state and local mental health authorities rapidly
mounted a large-scale public health intervention aimed at ameliorating the traumatic
stress experienced by residents of the disaster area. The resulting program, named
Project Liberty, has provided free public educational and crisis counseling services to
tens of thousands of New Yorkers in its initial months of operation. Individuals served
vary widely in the severity of experienced trauma and associated traumatic reactions.
Data from logs kept by Project Liberty workers suggest that individuals with the most
severe reactions are being referred to longer-term mental health treatment services.
BACKGROUND
The September 11th terrorist attacks had a dramatic impact on the mental health
of millions of Americans. In a national survey conducted the week after the attacks,
44% of adults and 35% of children reported one or more substantial symptoms of
traumatic stress. The mental health impact was particularly severe for New York
City residents and others living within commuting distance of the World Trade
Center (WTC), with 61% of adults living within 100 miles of the WTC reporting
substantial traumatic stress.1
Needs assessments conducted in New York State fol-
lowing September 11th estimated that, as a result of September 11th, 3.1 million
residents of New York City and surrounding counties would experience substantial
emotional distress,2
and that of this total, over 520,000 would experience symp-
toms that met diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).3
While
all disasters have an impact on mental health, these findings are consistent with
prior research indicating that intentionally caused incidents of mass violence char-
acterized by large-scale loss of life, property loss, and widespread unemployment
may be associated with particularly “severe, lasting, and pervasive psychological
effects.”4
The New York State Office of Mental Health (OMH) has been collaborating
with New York City and county mental health departments since September 11th
to address these mental health needs using two related, but nevertheless distinct,
response strategies. The first, aimed at the general population, consists of public
Mr. Felton is with the New York State Office of Mental Health.
Correspondence: Chip J. Felton, MSW, Associate Commissioner and Director, Center for Perfor-
mance Evaluation and Outcomes Management, New York State Office of Mental Health, 44 Holland
Avenue, Albany, NY 12229. (E-mail: cfelton@omh.state.ny.us)
429
2. 430 FELTON
education concerning traumatic stress reactions and appropriate coping strategies,
outreach to all affected communities, and short-term supportive counseling for any-
one affected by September 11th. The assumptions underlying this broad-based re-
sponse strategy are that most people’s stress reactions, although personally disturb-
ing, constitute normal responses to a traumatic event and will be short term in
duration.5,6
Further, personal and community resiliency remain powerful factors
even in the aftermath of a major disaster.5–7
Corresponding interventions therefore
emphasize helping people identify their responses to trauma, understand those re-
sponses as normal reactions, and reconnect with pre-existing social supports.
The second response strategy is aimed at a minority of the affected population:
individuals whose traumatic symptoms persist and are of sufficient severity to meet
diagnostic criteria for PTSD and/or other mental disorder. For these individuals,
short-term supportive interventions will not be sufficient due to the severity of their
exposure and/or preexisting risk factors.5
In the event most comparable to Septem-
ber 11th, the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma, 34% of survivors had symptoms that met diagnostic criteria for
PTSD.8
Interventions in this response strategy consist of formal mental health treat-
ment (e.g., psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy) shown to be effective for trauma-related
disorders.3,9
This second response strategy—providing specialized treatment to individuals
with diagnosed mental disorders—is consistent with the traditional roles and func-
tions of the public mental health system. However, the first response strategy—public
education, outreach, and short-term supportive counseling to the general popula-
tion—has required new public health initiatives that are atypical from a system that
for decades has focused primarily on the provision of treatment to individuals with
severe mental illnesses. The remainder of this article describes the implementation
of the resulting public health response strategy, named Project Liberty, and its im-
pact to date.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT LIBERTY
On September 11th, President Bush declared the five boroughs of New York City
a federal disaster area; this designation was expanded on September 28th to include
10 surrounding New York counties where numerous Manhattan commuters and
rescue workers lived. The declaration made the area eligible for a range of Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) programs, including one specifically de-
signed to address the short-term mental health needs of communities affected by
disasters: the Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP). This pro-
gram, which is jointly operated by FEMA and the federal Center for Mental Health
Services (CMHS), funds short-term public education, outreach, and crisis counsel-
ing services, but not specialized longer-term mental health treatment. When apply-
ing for CCP funds, state mental health authorities must demonstrate that existing
mental health capacity is insufficient to meet disaster-related needs. The CCP has
two components: the Immediate Services Program (ISP), which covers the first 60
days following a disaster declaration, and the Regular Services Program (RSP), which
extends the same services for an additional 9 months.10
OMH applied for and received $22.7 million to provide these services during
the Immediate Services Program period and an additional $132.5 million for the
Regular Services Program. Although preparing these applications while responding
to and coordinating requests for mental health assistance in the initial days after
3. PROJECT LIBERTY 431
September 11th proved daunting, Center for Mental Health Services staff provided
on-site technical assistance that greatly facilitated the task. New York City and
county mental health departments developed local plans of service and recruited
existing mental health agencies to participate. Project Liberty was chosen as the
common name for all resulting services. Giving the program a unique name that
distinguished it from traditional mental health treatment was an important goal
because the stigma surrounding mental illness, and by association mental health
treatment, can be a powerful barrier to engaging individuals in services.
Much of the necessary infrastructure for Project Liberty had to be developed
and established, for example:
New contracts were negotiated to allow the emergency mental health funds to
flow from state to local government.
New claiming and reimbursement mechanisms were established.
New service encounter reporting forms and procedures were created to monitor
the geographic and demographic penetration of the outreach effort.
New print and electronic public educational materials were developed.
A media campaign to inform the public about Project Liberty was designed and
launched.
New counseling staff were recruited to supplement existing staff.
Thousands of mental health professionals and paraprofessionals were trained
in the basics of community outreach and disaster mental health counseling.
All of this was accomplished in 4–6 weeks, and by mid-October, Project Liberty
was operational in both New York City and the surrounding counties, with over
100 mental health agencies providing free public education and crisis counseling
services.
IMPACT OF PROJECT LIBERTY
A major component of Project Liberty’s outreach and public education strategy has
been a media campaign aimed at building public awareness of the program. High-
lights of this campaign include a 30-second television spot featuring Yankees man-
ager Joe Torre and actress Susan Sarandon, similar radio spots in English and Span-
ish, and subway and bus placards developed by the New York City Department of
Health that feature verbatim statements from New Yorkers detailing their personal
September 11th coping strategies. Unifying elements of all media activities include
the Project Liberty logo, advertisement of a central crisis counseling and referral
hotline (1-800-LIFENET, operated by the New York City Mental Health Associa-
tion), the slogan “Feel Free to Feel Better,” and the Project Liberty Web site address
(www.projectliberty.state.ny.us). In collaboration with OMH, the New York Acad-
emy of Medicine included questions to gauge public awareness of Project Liberty
in its second post–September 11th mental health impact telephone survey con-
ducted in January 2002. At that time, nearly 1 in 4 New Yorkers (24%) had heard
of Project Liberty; of these, 19% indicated that they would definitely, probably, or
had already called 1-800-LIFENET.11
Project Liberty is the first CCP program to include designated funding for pro-
gram evaluation. A major data source for evaluating the program comes from logs
4. 432 FELTON
kept by all Project Liberty counselors and outreach workers; these logs document
each service encounter. Although these logs cannot be used to identify specific indi-
viduals, they do capture data on demographics, symptom presentation, level of
exposure, and geographics (ZIP code) that are being used to evaluate service deliv-
ery. All logs are data entered and made available to both OMH and local mental
health department staff for analysis via a secure Internet site.
Results from preliminary analyses of Project Liberty service encounter logs
from mid-October 2001 through March 2002 are presented below and in the Table
(data for all logs had not been entered at the time of this writing; hence, results are
conservative estimates of actual service delivery volume). During that time, Project
Liberty staff provided over 42,000 service encounters, representing service to over
91,000 unique individuals. While crisis counseling sessions constituted the majority
of service encounters (96%), group public education sessions were the venue through
which most individuals (60%) came in contact with the program. The majority of
services (87%) were delivered in various community settings. Individuals served by
Project Liberty had widely varying levels of exposure to September 11th. Notably,
4,154 individuals who lost a family member during the attacks had received crisis
counseling through the program. Although space constraints preclude full discus-
sion here, comparisons of Project Liberty service recipient demographics with cen-
sus data indicate that the program is reaching non-white, non-English-speaking
groups at rates proportional to their representation in the general population of the
disaster area.
The logs also provide evidence that Project Liberty counselors were able to
identify which individuals might require more intensive mental health treatment.
Overall, about 9% of individuals encountered through Project Liberty were referred
for mental health treatment. These individuals experienced about twice as many
traumatic symptoms as those not referred, and rates of referral were higher for
highly traumatized groups such as families of the deceased and WTC evacuees.
While the most commonly reported traumatic symptoms and event reactions were
the same for individuals referred for treatment and those not referred, individuals
TABLE. Project Liberty service volume and traumatic symptoms of service recipients
most frequently noted by counselors (October 2001–March 2002)*
Crisis Public
counseling Education Total
Number (%) of service encounters 40,191 (96) 1,834 (4) 42,025 (100)
Number (%) of unique individuals served 36,672 (40) 54,474 (60) 91,146 (100)
Of those who received crisis counseling, number
(%) of individuals who reported:
Sadness 14,301 (39)
Anxiety/fear 12,099 (33)
Irritability/anger 8,077 (22)
Difficulty sleeping 8,626 (24)
Difficulty concentrating 7,324 (20)
Intrusive thoughts or images 6,040 (16)
Isolation/withdrawal 4,808 (13)
*Note: Not all logs had been compiled at the time of this writing; hence, results are conservative
estimates of the actual volume of service delivery.
5. PROJECT LIBERTY 433
referred for treatment experienced them at much higher rates (e.g., intrusive
thoughts or images, 32% referred vs. 15% not referred). While corroborating data
are not yet available, the fact that nearly all agencies participating in Project Liberty
also provide treatment services for diagnosable mental disorders suggests that most
individuals deemed in need had access to such services.
CONCLUSION
The rapid implementation of Project Liberty, the high volume of service delivery to
date, the acceptance of the program by the general public, and the characteristics
of individuals served all suggest that, in the aftermath of September 11th, New
York State’s public mental health system was capable of mounting a response com-
mensurate with the traumatic mental health impact of this terrible incident of mass
violence. Although the public mental health system has not typically been responsi-
ble for public health interventions that target the general population, Project Lib-
erty suggests that it can do so, at least in the event of an emergency. Challenges
that lie ahead include preserving the infrastructure developed for Project Liberty so
that the state is better prepared in the event of future acts of terrorism.
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