Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.

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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka

addon Scans

As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says. This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots. To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare. Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself. Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places. Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages. Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!

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Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf

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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity, mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate, and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria). The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S., the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD, comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and pharmacotherapies for AUD.

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Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

Title: Sense of Smell Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness. Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction. Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain. Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential. Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes. Key Topics: Olfactory Genes: 3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes. 400 genes for odorant receptors. Olfactory Membrane: Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity. Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum. Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate. Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters. Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell. Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment. Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months. Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus. Stimulation of Olfactory Cells: Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia. Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve. Quality of a Good Odorant: Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble. Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus. Membrane Potential and Action Potential: Resting membrane potential: -55mV. Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength. Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell: Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation. Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system. Primary Sensations of Smell: Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid. Odor Detection Threshold: Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm). Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations. Characteristics of Smell: Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein. Behavioral and emotional influences of smell. Transmission of Olfactory Signals: From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition. Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path

THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act

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The Normal Electrocardiogram - Part I of II

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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram. Learning objectives: 1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography 2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG 3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II) 4. Differentiate between intervals and segments 5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG Study Resources: 1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/ 5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition 6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics

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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo - Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI - Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html - Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com - Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf

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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ). It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS

Prix Galien International 2024 Forum Program

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June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels: - ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING - WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION - WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS, ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES? - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS - GENE THERAPY - BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE - ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES - Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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