The document summarizes a panel discussion on the future of libraries held at SUNY Potsdam College. The 6 panelists discussed how user behaviors and technologies are changing libraries. Users now expect instant access to information anywhere through mobile devices. Libraries are providing more digital resources and collaborative spaces while print collections decline. New models like purchase-on-demand and e-books are shaping library collections. Discovery tools aim to improve search across resources but challenges remain regarding evaluation, serendipity and supporting different user levels.

1. SUNY Potsdam College Libraries
Panelists:
Nancy Alzo, Elizabeth Andrews, Carol
Franck, Marianne Hebert, Jenica
Rogers, Abby Smith
SUNY Potsdam Academic Festival 2013
“Making the Future”
http://pluto.potsdam.edu/academicfestwiki/

2. AUDIENCE ASSIGNMENT 1
Write 3 SEPARATE WORDS on
the catalog card that you think
describe a ―Library of the
Future‖

3. AUDIENCE ASSIGNMENT 2
Write 1 WORD on the scrap
paper:
• What did you do last time you
visited the library?

4. S. R. RANGANATHAN … THEN (1931)
1.Books are for use.
2. Every reader his [or her] book.
3. Every book its reader.
4. Save the time of the reader.
5. The library is a growing organism.

5. http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2012/06/buildings/national-landmark-libraries-academic-
library-winners-and-honorable-mentions/

6. http://www.sr.ithaka.org/research-publications/us-faculty-survey-2012

7. http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2012/06/buildings/national-landmark-academic-
library-3-william-oxley-thompson-memorial-library-ohio-state-university/

8. http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2012/06/buildings/national-landmark-academic-
library-honorable-mentions/

16. Westport Public Library’s MakerSpace

17. TekVenture Maker Station
Allen County Public Library

18. TekVenture Maker Station
Allen County Public Library

19. TekVenture Maker Station
Allen County Public Library

30. USER BEHAVIOR WILL DRIVE LIBRARY SERVICES
4. Save the time of the reader.
• One in four teens are ―cell-mostly‖
internet users 1
• 78% of teens now have a cell phone, and
47% of them own smartphones 2
• Smartphone owners aged 18 to 24
average:
2,022 texts sent per month (67 texts per day)
1,831 texts received per month (61 texts per
day) 9

32. MORE ON USER BEHAVIOR
33% of Americans own e-readers (2012), up from 18% in
2011. 4
23% of Americans (age 16+) read ebooks (2012), up from
16% in 2011. 4
86% of internet users aged 18-29 use Facebook 7
27% of internet users aged 18-29 use Twitter 7
73% of Americans say they would use an online ―Ask a
Librarian‖ service 3

33. BELOIT COLLEGE MINDSET: THE CLASS OF 2016 5
They have always lived in cyberspace, addicted to a new generation of
―electronic narcotics.‖
Their folks have never gazed with pride on a new set of bound
encyclopedias on the bookshelf.
Before they purchase an assigned textbook, they will investigate whether it
is available for rent or purchase as an e-book.
Despite being preferred urban gathering places, two-thirds of the
independent bookstores in the United States have closed for good
during their lifetimes.
Outdated icons with images of floppy discs for ―save,‖ a telephone for
―phone,‖ and a snail mail envelope for ―mail‖ have oddly decorated
their tablets and smart phone screens.

34. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRENDS WILL
DRIVE USER EXPECTATIONS 6
Students are being assessed on collaboration and
team dynamics (not just outcomes).
Wikis, Skype, Google Docs, and online tools that
preserve the process and the multiple perspectives
will become more prevalent.
1. Cloud based technologies
 Where we store our work doesn’t matter.
 Access to our work, any time, anywhere DOES matter.
2. Online Learning will required new digital
skills
 Fewer face-to-face classes / more hybrid learning
 Ability to use digital media and navigate networked environments
 Ability to collaborate and communicate in a variety of online systems

35. GOOGLE AND THE FREE WEB
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/02/05/070205fa_fact_toobin

36. Ranganathan’s Law #4:
Save the time of the
reader
Library Classification Systems
(complicated)
vs.
Free Web Keyword searching (easy)

37. ―The trend for accessing information is
moving toward an expectation of being
able to use one start point for all
research.‖
Timpson, H., &Sansom, G. (2011). A Student Perspective on e-Resource Discovery: Has the Google Factor
Changed Publisher Platform Searching Forever?. Serials Librarian, 61(2), 253-266.
doi:10.1080/0361526X.2011.592115
― 89 percent of college student information
searches begin with a search engine‖
OCLC. (2006). College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC.

38. ―The a-literate expect:
• instant results
• convenience (which is seen as superior to quality)
• images are at least as important as text
• if it’s not on the web, it doesn’t exist
• cut and paste is a legitimate alternative to original
thought
• just enough material for the task in hand, not
everything‖
Law, D. (2011). “As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it”: (Antoine de Saint Exupéry). IFLA
Journal, 37(4), 269-275. doi:10.1177/0340035211430308

39. SO WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?
The clash: students’ ―good enough‖ vs. faculty
requirements
Background issues:
• Students don’t know what they don’t know
(and who is responsible for teaching that?)
• Few people think about what is NOT in Google
• The package no longer defines the information contained in it, which
means…
• Evaluation of quality is hard to do
• Searching almost anything else isn’t as easy and familiar as Google

40. USING THE FREE WEB
Students might:
• Find a reasonable source and/or answer
• satisfice with inadequate materials
• waste gobs of time trying for find something that
isn’t there
• Decide it doesn’t exist and give up
• Ultimately move to non-free web resources

41. THE GOOD GOOGLE:
PLAYS WELL WITH LIBRARIES
Google Scholar
 Links to library databases from on-campus (IP based)
 Beginning select off-campus proxy authentication
Google Books
 Provides snippits for evaluation
 Links to libraries (and bookstores) for full access
―Ready Reference‖ a la Google (and Wikipedia)

42. 1993 2011
1993: http://www.cartoonbank.com
2011: https://timlibert.me/writing/cost-of-lunch-google-information-revenue/

43. THE BAD GOOGLE:
WANTS …MONEY, POWER, CONTROL
(BWAH HAH HAH HAH!!!)
The Evolution of Google
Google as business
Advertising
Information Provider (Google Books)
Information Consumer (Personal Data)
Google as a player in the library of the
future…

44. FUTURE OF LIBRARY COLLECTIONS
1. Print collections will continue to decline in value
2. Electronic collections will continue to grow and increase
in popularity
3. Remember Newsweek?
4. Academic library spaces are prime real estate:
 Increased demand for collaborative and other spaces
 It costs $4.26 per book, per year to store a book on the shelf 11
 ~50% of print books have never been used 7
 3. Every book its reader
 Circulation is down 26% in academic libraries since 1991 (ACRL) 12
5. Digital repositories are making pre-1922 books readily
available (HathiTrust, etc.)

45. E-BOOKS ARE GAINING POPULARITY SLOWLY
1. E-books can have enhanced features: full text
searching, annotations, pages can be bookmarked, text-
to-audio, embedded video, links to websites, interactive
lessons and changeable plots.
2. E-books for consumers ≠ E-books for libraries
3. Libraries can purchase a Kindle, pay for and download
100 books, but only one patron can borrow the Kindle
(with 100 books)
4. Academic e-book readers tend to be web-based
5. Downloading to hand-held readers = short term and
technically challenging
• Ability to highlight and add notes, is limited and temporary

46. WEB BASED E-BOOK READER

47. HIGHLIGHT AND ADD NOTES

48. E-BOOKS WILL BECOME MORE LIBRARY FRIENDLY
AND PATRON FRIENDLY
Libraries usually cannot lend e-books to other libraries
(Interlibrary Loan)
Some e-book vendors have ―loan‖ periods. If you check out
an e-book, no one else can use it until your loan period
expires.
Some publishers limit the number of times an e-book can be
loaned, at which point the library needs to purchase
another copy
Publishers are restricting e-book content for libraries
Technological obstacles need to be resolved, especially for
hand held devices
Tower of eBabel = Too many formats

49. PURCHASE-ON-DEMAND
Who should develop the library
collections?
Can we trust patrons to know what they
want?
Just-in-case VS Just-in-time
Interlibrary Loan is not ―free‖

50. PURCHASE-ON-DEMAND MODELS
Several models being implemented in
libraries:
1. Records for print books are loaded into the catalog.
Patron requests are sent to Acquisitions Department
and materials are ordered RUSH.
2. Interlibrary Loan requests are submitted into ILLiad.
Library staff monitor ILL requests, and if purchase is
warranted (affordable, available and appropriate) the
request is sent to Acquisition department to be ordered
RUSH.
3. Records for e-books are loaded into the catalog.
Patrons click on the link and have immediate access to
browse or borrow or trigger a purchase. Library costs
for loans and purchases are unpredictable.

51. NY 3RS DEMAND DRIVEN EBL E-BOOK PILOT
Consortial pilot project to test collaborative e-book collection building
18 members (16 Academics, 2 Public Library Systems)
18 Publishers
Members contribute funds to common account at WNYLRC to be drawn against as
consortium patrons use books
7971 records loaded into catalog (published Oct. 2011- )
Purchased e-books are owned “into perpetuity” (65 so far)
Current costs:
Browsing is free
After 5 minutes browsing – loan Is triggered (24 hrs or 7 days) ($.20-$44 each
loan)
Purchase is triggered on 8 loan (list price x 5).
Price cap is $250 for any title (X5).

52. WHAT IS DISCOVERY?
This:
Not this:

53. THE FUTURE OF DISCOVERY
• Better user interfaces
• Better results
• Innovative search and display methods
• Incorporates best of paid resources AND the
free web!

54. BUT IT’S NOT PERFECT
• Great for novices, not as great for experts
• Can’t find everything
• Doesn’t yet understand natural language

55. WHAT ABOUT SERENDIPITY?
≠

56. RECREATING THE SHELF

57. RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS

58. LINKED DATA

59. RFID
Radio Frequency Identification
Checkin
Checkout
Security
Inventory
Expensive
Privacy issues

60. RESERVE A GROUP STUDY ROOM IN CRUMB

61. MOBILE APP VIEW

62. ACCESS IN A DIGITAL CULTURE
• Intellectual Property
• Copyright
• Licenses
• Alternate Publishing Models
• Scholarly Communication
• Open Access
• Peer Review

63. RANGANATHAN’S 2ND AND 3RD LAWS
EVERY BOOK ITS READER
EVERY READER HIS BOOK
ACCESS

64. EVOLUTION FROM OWNERSHIP TO LICENSING
Ownership – First Sale Doctrine
allows a library to lend books
Copyright Law Fair Use and
Exceptions
Allows a library to share or obtain copies
of articles from content they or other
libraries own
Licensing of content
Increasingly, libraries now obtain access
to content by entering licensed
agreements of content vendors

65. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, COPYRIGHT AND
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION
In 1968 early Internet developers
Licklider and Taylor predicted a
―global computer network of
distributed intellectual resources‖
that would ―help users
share, manipulate and locate
data‖…but what has occurred is a
―rising tension between the open
architecture of theofInternet and legal
1. Reyman, Jessica. The Rhetoric Intellectual Property: Copyright
restrictions for online activities.‖ 1.
Law and the Regulation of Digital Culture. New York:
Routledge, 2010. Print.

66. ALTERNATIVE PUBLISHING MODELS, OPEN ACCESS
AND PEER REVIEW
• What constitutes ―publishing‖?
• Access and dollars
• Digital Scholarship
• Open Access
• Peer Review

67. AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION - WORDLE RESULT

68. S. R RANGANATHAN THEN (1931) & NOW AND …
1. Books are for use.
2. Every reader his [or her] book.
3. Every book its reader.
4. Save the time of the reader.
5. The library is a growing organism.

69. SOURCES FOR USER TRENDS AND COLLECTIONS
1. Teens and Technology 2013 by Mary Madden, Amanda Lenhart, Maeve Duggan, Sandra Cortesi, UrsGasser. Mar 13, 2013.
http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teens-and-Tech.aspx
2. Teens and Technology 2013 by Mary Madden, Amanda Lenhart, Maeve Duggan, Sandra Cortesi, Urs Gasser. Mar 13, 2013.
http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teens-and-Tech.aspx
3. Library Services in the Digital Age. by Kathryn Zickuhr, Lee Rainie and Kristen Purcell. January 22, 2013.
http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/01/22/library-services/
4. E-book Reading Jumps; Print Book Reading Declines by Lee Rainie and Maeve Duggan. December 27, 2012.
http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2012/12/27/e-book-reading-jumps-print-book-reading-declines/
5. Beloit College Mindset List. http://www.beloit.edu/mindset/2016/
6. 2012 top ten trends in academic libraries A review of the trends and issues affecting academic libraries in higher education ACRL
Research Planning and Review Committee. http://crln.acrl.org/content/73/6/311.full
7. AttisD, Koproske C. Thirty trends shaping the future of academic libraries. Learned Publishing [serial online]. January 2013;26(1):18-
23.
8. The Demographics of Social Media Users — 2012 (Feb 14, 2013) by Maeve Duggan, Joanna Brenner
http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Social-media-users/The-State-of-Social-Media-Users.aspx
9. CHART OF THE DAY: Kids Send A Mind Boggling Number Of Texts Every Month,byAlex Cocotas (March 22, 2013) Business
Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-number-of-texts-sent-2013-3#ixzz2ON3Xb9rg
10. Trend Data (Teens) http://www.pewinternet.org/Static-Pages/Trend-Data-%28Teens%29.aspx
11. "On the Cost of Keeping a Book‖byPaul N. Courant and Matthew Nielsen
(2009): http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub147/pub147.pdf
12. Anderson R. PRINT ON THE MARGINS. Library Journal [serial online]. June 15, 2011;136(11):38-39.
http://webproxy.potsdam.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=61428301&site=e
host-live&scope=site

70. IMAGE SOURCES – MAKER SPACES
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/kakissel/6165114664/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/creative_tools/8080035591/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/fabcafe/8459306528/in/photostream/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/creative_tools/4619199174/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/creative_tools/5924881693/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/sethoscope/3985762567/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/kans1985/2019768277/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/steevithak/5015721515/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/lbmixpro/3605314938/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/philliecasablanca/4338175245/

71. IMAGE SOURCES – MAKER SPACES
• http://blog.thehenryford.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/hypecenter-700x525.jpg
• http://www.ilovefc.com/E-FE-MakerSpace.JPG
• http://tekventure.org/maker-station/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/wbaiv/5764557986/
• http://www.makerlibrarian.com/page/4/
• http://www.dc.umich.edu/dl1/
• http://cnr.ncsu.edu/prtm/research/visualization_lab.php
• http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/cdm/videoediting
• http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/cdm/audioproduction
• http://communication.utexas.edu/technology/dml/
• http://www.fastcodesign.com
• http://chronicle.com/blogs/percolator/lab-equipment-made-with-3-d-printers-could-cut-
costs-by-97/32447

72. IMAGE SOURCES
• http://sustainability.ncsu.edu/uncategorized/the-sustainable-side-of-hunt-
library
• http://library.buffalostate.edu/
• http://uscp.ent.sirsi.net/client/default
• http://www.amazon.com
• http://www.netflix.com