ABSTRACT: This research is to examine the principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the
Challenges of Global Competition. Challenges about the readiness of the Indonesian nation in facing global
competition, especially the ASEAN economic community, have been carried out by many components of the
nation. The increase in global competition and the dynamics of society, causing the ability to survive for this
nation is something important so that they can compete in the life of the nation and do business and avoid
predatory predators. The problem that will be discussed in this study is How the Principles of Islamic Sharia
Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition. The research method used is a normative
research method with a conceptual approach and analyzed using content analysis.
KEYWORDS : Shari'a Economic Law, Global Competition
This document provides a summary of 7 chapters from a book review on Islamic finance. It discusses key topics like the basic principles of the Islamic economic system, a prohibition on riba (interest) and emphasis on risk sharing. It also covers Islamic financial instruments, stability of the Islamic financial system, and the role of Islamic financial intermediation and banking. The overall document aims to introduce concepts of Islamic finance and explain how an economic and financial system can be structured according to Islamic principles.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the analytical study of the Islamic economic system by Dr. Monzer Kahf. It discusses the methodology of Islamic economics, distinguishing it from Islamic business law. The study aims to build a general theory of the functioning Islamic economy by analyzing the interrelationships between its components and examining its internal consistency. It also notes the lack of studies on the history of Islamic economic thought and the need for research in this area. The introduction outlines the contents and scope of the six chapters to follow, which will cover topics like consumption theory, production theory, the market structure, and the macroeconomic model and policy implications of the Islamic economy.
A Comparison between Capitalism & Islamic Economical System An Overviewlinaodeh
The document compares the Islamic economic system to capitalism. The Islamic system emphasizes moral values and spiritual fulfillment over individual preferences. It also recognizes the concept of the afterlife and human brotherhood, which are absent from capitalism. When the Prophet Muhammad established the city of Medina, he introduced the concept of human brotherhood to share profits and trade between new immigrants, boosting the economy. Implementing Islamic values like morality, the afterlife, and brotherhood could make the system more beneficial than capitalism today by addressing issues it lacks.
Islamic business practices in bangladesh –a survey on some selected firms in ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses Islamic business practices in Bangladesh based on a survey of 342 respondents from businesses in Chittagong. It finds that while most businessmen practice Islamic business partially due to lack of knowledge, they believe it could ensure welfare by eliminating issues like bribery. The document provides an overview of Islamic guidelines for business, noting it encourages commerce but prohibits harmful practices. Contemporary Bangladeshi business faces issues like corruption, though the country is majority Muslim. The study aims to identify gaps between Islamic business standards and current practices to develop recommendations to establish a transparent system.
This document provides an overview of Islamic finance by differentiating it from the theoretical Islamic economy. It explains that the Islamic economy model prohibits interest and encourages social justice, but remains theoretical as no country fully implements it. Islamic finance, on the other hand, applies Islamic principles like prohibiting interest (riba) to individual transactions within the Western economic model. It works within current systems to develop Sharia-compliant products. The document then discusses how Islamic institutions must adhere to Sharia law as defined by the Quran and hadith. It explains that interest is forbidden in Islam due to unfair risk allocation. Finally, it introduces Islamic capital markets, using Saudi Arabia as an example.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides a summary of 7 chapters from a book review on Islamic finance. It discusses key topics like the basic principles of the Islamic economic system, a prohibition on riba (interest) and emphasis on risk sharing. It also covers Islamic financial instruments, stability of the Islamic financial system, and the role of Islamic financial intermediation and banking. The overall document aims to introduce concepts of Islamic finance and explain how an economic and financial system can be structured according to Islamic principles.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the analytical study of the Islamic economic system by Dr. Monzer Kahf. It discusses the methodology of Islamic economics, distinguishing it from Islamic business law. The study aims to build a general theory of the functioning Islamic economy by analyzing the interrelationships between its components and examining its internal consistency. It also notes the lack of studies on the history of Islamic economic thought and the need for research in this area. The introduction outlines the contents and scope of the six chapters to follow, which will cover topics like consumption theory, production theory, the market structure, and the macroeconomic model and policy implications of the Islamic economy.
A Comparison between Capitalism & Islamic Economical System An Overviewlinaodeh
The document compares the Islamic economic system to capitalism. The Islamic system emphasizes moral values and spiritual fulfillment over individual preferences. It also recognizes the concept of the afterlife and human brotherhood, which are absent from capitalism. When the Prophet Muhammad established the city of Medina, he introduced the concept of human brotherhood to share profits and trade between new immigrants, boosting the economy. Implementing Islamic values like morality, the afterlife, and brotherhood could make the system more beneficial than capitalism today by addressing issues it lacks.
Islamic business practices in bangladesh –a survey on some selected firms in ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses Islamic business practices in Bangladesh based on a survey of 342 respondents from businesses in Chittagong. It finds that while most businessmen practice Islamic business partially due to lack of knowledge, they believe it could ensure welfare by eliminating issues like bribery. The document provides an overview of Islamic guidelines for business, noting it encourages commerce but prohibits harmful practices. Contemporary Bangladeshi business faces issues like corruption, though the country is majority Muslim. The study aims to identify gaps between Islamic business standards and current practices to develop recommendations to establish a transparent system.
This document provides an overview of Islamic finance by differentiating it from the theoretical Islamic economy. It explains that the Islamic economy model prohibits interest and encourages social justice, but remains theoretical as no country fully implements it. Islamic finance, on the other hand, applies Islamic principles like prohibiting interest (riba) to individual transactions within the Western economic model. It works within current systems to develop Sharia-compliant products. The document then discusses how Islamic institutions must adhere to Sharia law as defined by the Quran and hadith. It explains that interest is forbidden in Islam due to unfair risk allocation. Finally, it introduces Islamic capital markets, using Saudi Arabia as an example.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses the history and evolution of money and monetary systems from ancient times to modern times. It notes that gold and silver coins were widely used as currencies historically. It describes the transition to paper money backed by gold or silver, then the removal of the gold standard and use of fiat currencies not backed by commodities. This led to greater instability, devaluations, and inflation. The Bretton Woods system tied currencies to the US dollar and gold but collapsed in the 1970s, ending the convertibility of dollars to gold and contributing to currency value fluctuations.
This document discusses maslahah (benefit/interest) and its relationship to economic development from an Islamic perspective.
It first defines maslahah based on the Quran and hadith as considerations that secure benefits and prevent harms while being harmonious with Allah's objectives. Maslahah aims to protect religion, life, intellect, lineage and property.
It then discusses how maslahah is implemented through circular causation between complementary economic variables based on tawhidi (unity of God) principles. Growth must be equitable and maximize well-being, not just profits.
Finally, it links maslahah to economic development, noting Islam's holistic, human-centric view
This document discusses and compares Western and Islamic views of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It provides an overview of several Western perspectives on CSR, including Milton Friedman's view that a corporation's sole responsibility is to increase profits. It also discusses stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory as Western approaches. In contrast, the document outlines that the Islamic worldview sees CSR from a holistic perspective grounded in Islamic principles of tawhid (unity of God) and sharia law. It argues that from an Islamic perspective, CSR stems from the fundamental belief that humans were created to serve God alone.
The document discusses the economic system in Islam. It states that Islam provides guidelines for all spheres of life, including economics. The Islamic economic system aims to establish a just society where people behave honestly and responsibly in their transactions. It recognizes private, collective, and state possession of wealth. Some key principles of the Islamic economic system are that earnings and spending must be through halal means, individuals have a right to property with limits to ensure societal benefit, payment of zakat is compulsory to help the poor, and transactions involving interest are prohibited.
The document provides an overview of the US economic system. It discusses that the US has a mixed economy, with private industry playing a major role but the government still influencing economic activity. It also summarizes US trade, noting that the US has many free trade agreements globally and is both a major importer and exporter. The recovery of the US economy will rely on services, natural resources, and its large population.
Principles of Islamic Economics In The Light Of the Holy Quran and Sunnahinventionjournals
The purpose of this research is to review the principles of Islamic economy with reference to injunctions of Islam. This paper presents selected literature relating to the principles of Economics of Islam according to the Holy Quran. The study of the Holy Quran reveals that the basic principles of Islamic Economy are briefly discussed in the Holy Book while the details are elaborated in the Ahadith(Traditions of the Holy Prophet S.A.W). These principles have been transformed into inferred rules by the AIMAS (Mujtahdeen) in the light of the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. To ensure economic equality, Allah the Al mighty, has directed the rich(wealthy) people to share their financial resources with the needy people. This ensures equal distribution of wealth in the society. Through Islamic Economic System, the concept of Welfare State can be successfully implemented, As practically demonstrated by Companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A .W)(Khulafa-ERashideen)During their Rule(Caliphate) for a period of about 30 years. Allah Ta’ala has promised to provide livelihood to every soul, as such; nobody lives without food and the means of livelihood in this way, equality in economic right has been ensured for all. If the principles of Islamic economy are implemented in letter and spirit, it will contribute towards the economic development in the society. An Economic System based on the Quranic principles of equitable society and productive investment can effectively remove much of the chronic economic illnesses as suffered by the Modern Society
This document discusses principles, objectives, and tools of market regulation from an Islamic perspective. It outlines several key objectives of market regulation in Islam, including promoting economic freedom and private sector activity, maximizing benefits from public properties, maintaining socio-economic balance and justice, and protecting the moral framework for economic activities set by Shariah. The document also examines some criteria that guide Islamic economic policy, such as the roles of economic freedom and philanthropic sectors. Finally, it explores various tools available for market regulation in the Islamic system, including those relating to public/community properties, the private sector, direct regulation, macroeconomic tools, and innovative financing.
Knowledge and perception of students regarding islamic banking in Sindh Pakistansanaullah noonari
Abstract
This research investigated the relationship between the university student’s perception and knowledge about
different concepts and terms used in the Islamic banking and products and services offered. Impact of age,
gender, area of study, area of residence, CGPA and family’s monthly income on the perception and knowledge
of students about Islamic banking was also analyzed. Data was collected from the postgraduate students
(Respondents # 60) selected randomly from two public sectors universities (Sindh Agriculture University Tando
jam and University of Sindh) along with one private sectors (ISRA) university of Hyderabad. Simple linear
regressions were used in order to check the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the knowledge and
perception of students. University students were mainly surveyed to assess the knowledge and perception of
country’s intellectual cream of Islamic banking crop. Results showed that religious sincerity, not the better
knowledge of Islamic banking was the strongest predictor of personal banking performances. Result reflected
that overall perception and knowledge of students was significantly different from zero. Result suggested that
students had better perception about the Islamic banking but poor knowledge. It was found that the Arabic
language in specifying the products and services hindered the understandings of the students. Coefficient of age
and income showed a positive relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking
in both public sector universities and Private Sector University. Result for area of study also displayed positive
relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking. Gender, area of residence and
CGPA were not statistically significant which means these did not affected significantly on the perception and
knowledge of students about Islamic banking however in case of private Sector University CGPA count to be
factor, significantly effecting the perception of students.
Keywords: Islamic banking, perception, knowledge, products and services.
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES (PROFIT MAXIMIZATION)Afifah Nabilah
An individual assignment for Managerial Economics subject. The topic discussed in the report is MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES on the Profit Maximization.
Essential for islamic finance Full CourseFaiq Iqbal
This document provides an outline for a course on essentials of Islamic finance. It begins with an introduction to the economic system in Islam and key concepts like tawhid. It discusses Islamic principles around wealth, ownership and social justice. The outline then covers various Islamic financing instruments and terms. It aims to educate about Islamic finance based on 30 years of the author's experience and ongoing research.
This document discusses the role of government in economic development from an Islamic perspective. It is divided into three sections. The first section argues that in Islam, the government's economic role is guided by principles of Shura (consultation), pursuing public interests as defined by Islamic texts, and ordaining right and forbidding wrong. The second section examines lessons from economic growth experiences, finding that differences in institutions and policies, not just capital or resources, explain variations in growth between countries. The third section discusses how governments can change policies and institutions by changing societal values through education and learning over time.
This document provides an overview of Islamic banking in India. It discusses the key principles of Islamic finance, including prohibitions on interest and a focus on ethical investments. The report aims to explain the types of instruments available in Islamic finance and examine the current issues and prospects for Islamic banking in India. As India has a large Muslim population, Islamic banking could be adopted, but it is currently only practiced by non-banking financial corporations and not under the regulation of the Reserve Bank of India.
Maqasid alshariah in islamic finance an overviewArab Muslim
This document provides an overview of Maqasid al-Shari'ah (objectives of Shariah) and its role in Islamic finance. It defines Maqasid al-Shari'ah as representing the objectives and rationale behind Shariah rulings. Scholars have classified Maqasid al-Shari'ah into essentials, needs and embellishments. The key objectives are protecting religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth. Maqasid al-Shari'ah aims to promote public interest and welfare by endorsing benefits, educating individuals, and establishing justice. It argues that realizing Maqasid al-Shari'ah is important for the continued development of
The document discusses the principles of Islamic financial systems. It covers topics such as the fundamental principles of Islam like tawhid (unity of God), khilafah (vicegerency), and adalah (justice). It also discusses maqasid al-shariah (objectives of shariah), the strategy of Islamic economics, differences between conventional and Islamic financial systems, principles of Islamic banking like prohibition of interest and risk sharing, and objectives of seeking human welfare through allocating resources in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Maqasid al shariah in islamic finance an overviewMARA
This document provides an overview of Maqasid al-Shari'ah (objectives of Shariah) and its role in Islamic finance. It discusses that Maqasid al-Shari'ah aims to protect public interest and ensure the well-being of society by promoting justice, righteousness and beneficial conduct. The objectives of Shariah are classified into essentials (protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth), needs and embellishments. Realizing Maqasid al-Shari'ah is important for the development of Islamic banking, capital markets and takaful in accordance with noble principles and vision of Islam to serve the interests of all humanity.
The Urgency of Allignment Islamic Bank to Increasing the Outreach (Indonesia ...Mercu Buana University
The outreach of Islamic Bank is critical to circulate out of maslahah (beneficiaries) to the community (Ummah) and the implementation of Sharia in
totality (Kaffah). Nevertheless, Indonesia as the biggest Muslim in the world should facilitate the Muslim society to access their financial transaction
needs based their Islamic law. The study aims to examine the outreach of Islamic Bank in Indonesia. The methodology in this literature review is
qualitative that support with quantitative data. Three questions research is going to determine in this study are: (i) How the growth of Islamic Banks
from 2008 to 2015? (ii) How many the clients that have sworn out by Islamic Banks? (iii) What is the link between maslahah and the Islamic Bank
growth? We founded the outlet and business performance during 2008-2015 of Islamic Bank in Indonesia still behind from Conventional Bank thus
to improve the backward we need interaction, integration and evolution process from all stakeholders. Due to achieve the increasing of outreach we
also need the role of government in the political will that function to legitimate and enforce the alignment of Islamic Banks (Bank Syariah Mandiri,
BNI Syariah, BTN Syariah and BRI Syariah) became one state own Islamic Bank which objective to create social well-being of the community.
This document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system. It begins with some background on the rise of globalization and different cultures attempting to contribute to the international business world. The author then discusses two challenges in writing about the Islamic financial system: 1) the religious background and 2) it not being a single, unified system. The rest of the document covers an introduction to Islam, common principles of Islamic finance like contractual fairness and social justice, prohibited transactions, modes of financing, and challenges facing Islamic finance.
This document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system. It begins with some background on the rise of globalization and different cultures attempting to contribute to the international business world. The author notes that the Islamic financial system was one such attempt to add Islamic beliefs and principles.
The author then discusses some of the challenges in writing about the Islamic financial system, such as differing applications across countries and the religious aspects. The rest of the document outlines what will be covered, including an introduction to Islam, common principles of Islamic finance, prohibited transactions, financing modes, and challenges. It provides some high-level context on the roots and goals of the Islamic financial system in adhering to Islamic law and principles.
Islam and Supply-Side EconomicsSupply-side economics has a long hi.pdfarihanthtoysandgifts
Islam and Supply-Side Economics
Supply-side economics has a long history, dating back to at least the fourteenth century. The
greatest of medieval historians, Abu Zayd Abd-ar-Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), included
in his book, The Muqaddimah (1377), an Islamic view of supply-side economics. He pointed out
that “when tax assessments . . . upon the subjects are low, the latter have the energy and desire to
do things. Cultural enterprises grow and increase . . . (Therefore) the number of individual
imposts (taxes) and assessments mounts.” If taxes are increased in both size and rates, “the result
is that the interests of subjects in cultural enterprises disappears, because when they compare
expenditures and taxes with their income and gain and see little profit they make, they lose all
hope.” Ibn Khaldun concluded that “at the beginning of a dynasty, taxation yields large revenue
from small assessments. At the end of a dynasty, taxation yields small revenue from large
assessments.”
(A) How do this Islamic scholar’s theories apply to the modern world?
Solution
Ans:
In the course of the most recent 50 years there has been reestablished enthusiasm for Islamic
nations in looking at the relationship in the middle of Islam and science in the range of its
history. In the wake of picking up autonomy the majority of the Islamic nations have been
attempting to deal with their religious convictions and the Western ideas of science and training.
The instruction frameworks embraced by the greater part of the Islamic nations have been
founded on supposed common Western training. Subsequently a social dichotomy is seen in their
social orders between a conventional Islamic training from one viewpoint confined to religious
gatherings, and a common Western instruction in standard schools, schools and colleges.
Training is seen as a method for securing logical learning and innovation, so as to advance
monetarily in the cutting edge world. On the other hand, training has unsuccessfully attempted to
mix Islamic thinking with this Western instruction framework.
Islamic Nature view :
The Islamic perspective of nature amid the Golden Age was for humankind \'to study nature with
a specific end goal to find God and to utilize nature for the advantage of humanity\'. Nature
could be utilized to give sustenance to humankind and its abundance was to be similarly
circulated among all people groups. All exercises that made damage humanity and thus
devastated nature were illegal. Devastation of the common equalization was disheartened, for
instance, pointless executing of creatures or evacuation of vegetation may thus prompt starvation
because of absence of nourishment. This perspective was an expansion of the thought that
\"man\" had been set on earth as God\'s illustrative.
Supply-side financial aspects is a macroeconomic hypothesis which contends that monetary
development can be most adequately made by putting resources into capital, and by bringing
down boundaries on the .
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: South Sulawesi, commonly known as Makassar, boasts rich cultural heritage and customs,
making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
KEYWORDS: Visualizing, Losari Beach, Augmented Reality
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The document provides an overview of the US economic system. It discusses that the US has a mixed economy, with private industry playing a major role but the government still influencing economic activity. It also summarizes US trade, noting that the US has many free trade agreements globally and is both a major importer and exporter. The recovery of the US economy will rely on services, natural resources, and its large population.
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The purpose of this research is to review the principles of Islamic economy with reference to injunctions of Islam. This paper presents selected literature relating to the principles of Economics of Islam according to the Holy Quran. The study of the Holy Quran reveals that the basic principles of Islamic Economy are briefly discussed in the Holy Book while the details are elaborated in the Ahadith(Traditions of the Holy Prophet S.A.W). These principles have been transformed into inferred rules by the AIMAS (Mujtahdeen) in the light of the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. To ensure economic equality, Allah the Al mighty, has directed the rich(wealthy) people to share their financial resources with the needy people. This ensures equal distribution of wealth in the society. Through Islamic Economic System, the concept of Welfare State can be successfully implemented, As practically demonstrated by Companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A .W)(Khulafa-ERashideen)During their Rule(Caliphate) for a period of about 30 years. Allah Ta’ala has promised to provide livelihood to every soul, as such; nobody lives without food and the means of livelihood in this way, equality in economic right has been ensured for all. If the principles of Islamic economy are implemented in letter and spirit, it will contribute towards the economic development in the society. An Economic System based on the Quranic principles of equitable society and productive investment can effectively remove much of the chronic economic illnesses as suffered by the Modern Society
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Knowledge and perception of students regarding islamic banking in Sindh Pakistansanaullah noonari
Abstract
This research investigated the relationship between the university student’s perception and knowledge about
different concepts and terms used in the Islamic banking and products and services offered. Impact of age,
gender, area of study, area of residence, CGPA and family’s monthly income on the perception and knowledge
of students about Islamic banking was also analyzed. Data was collected from the postgraduate students
(Respondents # 60) selected randomly from two public sectors universities (Sindh Agriculture University Tando
jam and University of Sindh) along with one private sectors (ISRA) university of Hyderabad. Simple linear
regressions were used in order to check the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the knowledge and
perception of students. University students were mainly surveyed to assess the knowledge and perception of
country’s intellectual cream of Islamic banking crop. Results showed that religious sincerity, not the better
knowledge of Islamic banking was the strongest predictor of personal banking performances. Result reflected
that overall perception and knowledge of students was significantly different from zero. Result suggested that
students had better perception about the Islamic banking but poor knowledge. It was found that the Arabic
language in specifying the products and services hindered the understandings of the students. Coefficient of age
and income showed a positive relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking
in both public sector universities and Private Sector University. Result for area of study also displayed positive
relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking. Gender, area of residence and
CGPA were not statistically significant which means these did not affected significantly on the perception and
knowledge of students about Islamic banking however in case of private Sector University CGPA count to be
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MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES (PROFIT MAXIMIZATION)Afifah Nabilah
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This document provides an outline for a course on essentials of Islamic finance. It begins with an introduction to the economic system in Islam and key concepts like tawhid. It discusses Islamic principles around wealth, ownership and social justice. The outline then covers various Islamic financing instruments and terms. It aims to educate about Islamic finance based on 30 years of the author's experience and ongoing research.
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The document discusses the principles of Islamic financial systems. It covers topics such as the fundamental principles of Islam like tawhid (unity of God), khilafah (vicegerency), and adalah (justice). It also discusses maqasid al-shariah (objectives of shariah), the strategy of Islamic economics, differences between conventional and Islamic financial systems, principles of Islamic banking like prohibition of interest and risk sharing, and objectives of seeking human welfare through allocating resources in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Maqasid al shariah in islamic finance an overviewMARA
This document provides an overview of Maqasid al-Shari'ah (objectives of Shariah) and its role in Islamic finance. It discusses that Maqasid al-Shari'ah aims to protect public interest and ensure the well-being of society by promoting justice, righteousness and beneficial conduct. The objectives of Shariah are classified into essentials (protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth), needs and embellishments. Realizing Maqasid al-Shari'ah is important for the development of Islamic banking, capital markets and takaful in accordance with noble principles and vision of Islam to serve the interests of all humanity.
The Urgency of Allignment Islamic Bank to Increasing the Outreach (Indonesia ...Mercu Buana University
The outreach of Islamic Bank is critical to circulate out of maslahah (beneficiaries) to the community (Ummah) and the implementation of Sharia in
totality (Kaffah). Nevertheless, Indonesia as the biggest Muslim in the world should facilitate the Muslim society to access their financial transaction
needs based their Islamic law. The study aims to examine the outreach of Islamic Bank in Indonesia. The methodology in this literature review is
qualitative that support with quantitative data. Three questions research is going to determine in this study are: (i) How the growth of Islamic Banks
from 2008 to 2015? (ii) How many the clients that have sworn out by Islamic Banks? (iii) What is the link between maslahah and the Islamic Bank
growth? We founded the outlet and business performance during 2008-2015 of Islamic Bank in Indonesia still behind from Conventional Bank thus
to improve the backward we need interaction, integration and evolution process from all stakeholders. Due to achieve the increasing of outreach we
also need the role of government in the political will that function to legitimate and enforce the alignment of Islamic Banks (Bank Syariah Mandiri,
BNI Syariah, BTN Syariah and BRI Syariah) became one state own Islamic Bank which objective to create social well-being of the community.
This document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system. It begins with some background on the rise of globalization and different cultures attempting to contribute to the international business world. The author then discusses two challenges in writing about the Islamic financial system: 1) the religious background and 2) it not being a single, unified system. The rest of the document covers an introduction to Islam, common principles of Islamic finance like contractual fairness and social justice, prohibited transactions, modes of financing, and challenges facing Islamic finance.
This document provides an overview of the Islamic financial system. It begins with some background on the rise of globalization and different cultures attempting to contribute to the international business world. The author notes that the Islamic financial system was one such attempt to add Islamic beliefs and principles.
The author then discusses some of the challenges in writing about the Islamic financial system, such as differing applications across countries and the religious aspects. The rest of the document outlines what will be covered, including an introduction to Islam, common principles of Islamic finance, prohibited transactions, financing modes, and challenges. It provides some high-level context on the roots and goals of the Islamic financial system in adhering to Islamic law and principles.
Islam and Supply-Side EconomicsSupply-side economics has a long hi.pdfarihanthtoysandgifts
Islam and Supply-Side Economics
Supply-side economics has a long history, dating back to at least the fourteenth century. The
greatest of medieval historians, Abu Zayd Abd-ar-Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), included
in his book, The Muqaddimah (1377), an Islamic view of supply-side economics. He pointed out
that “when tax assessments . . . upon the subjects are low, the latter have the energy and desire to
do things. Cultural enterprises grow and increase . . . (Therefore) the number of individual
imposts (taxes) and assessments mounts.” If taxes are increased in both size and rates, “the result
is that the interests of subjects in cultural enterprises disappears, because when they compare
expenditures and taxes with their income and gain and see little profit they make, they lose all
hope.” Ibn Khaldun concluded that “at the beginning of a dynasty, taxation yields large revenue
from small assessments. At the end of a dynasty, taxation yields small revenue from large
assessments.”
(A) How do this Islamic scholar’s theories apply to the modern world?
Solution
Ans:
In the course of the most recent 50 years there has been reestablished enthusiasm for Islamic
nations in looking at the relationship in the middle of Islam and science in the range of its
history. In the wake of picking up autonomy the majority of the Islamic nations have been
attempting to deal with their religious convictions and the Western ideas of science and training.
The instruction frameworks embraced by the greater part of the Islamic nations have been
founded on supposed common Western training. Subsequently a social dichotomy is seen in their
social orders between a conventional Islamic training from one viewpoint confined to religious
gatherings, and a common Western instruction in standard schools, schools and colleges.
Training is seen as a method for securing logical learning and innovation, so as to advance
monetarily in the cutting edge world. On the other hand, training has unsuccessfully attempted to
mix Islamic thinking with this Western instruction framework.
Islamic Nature view :
The Islamic perspective of nature amid the Golden Age was for humankind \'to study nature with
a specific end goal to find God and to utilize nature for the advantage of humanity\'. Nature
could be utilized to give sustenance to humankind and its abundance was to be similarly
circulated among all people groups. All exercises that made damage humanity and thus
devastated nature were illegal. Devastation of the common equalization was disheartened, for
instance, pointless executing of creatures or evacuation of vegetation may thus prompt starvation
because of absence of nourishment. This perspective was an expansion of the thought that
\"man\" had been set on earth as God\'s illustrative.
Supply-side financial aspects is a macroeconomic hypothesis which contends that monetary
development can be most adequately made by putting resources into capital, and by bringing
down boundaries on the .
Similar to Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition (20)
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: South Sulawesi, commonly known as Makassar, boasts rich cultural heritage and customs,
making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
KEYWORDS: Visualizing, Losari Beach, Augmented Reality
DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TMALL DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMICAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:China's e-commerce enterprises have developed rapidly, among which Tmall has become one of
the largest retail shopping websites in China.But in the past year, the Covid-19 epidemic has brought a huge
impact to Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and Tmall is no exception.Therefore, the development status of
Tmall in the new crown epidemic situation was analyzed, and the viewpoint was put forward :Tmall1 stabilized
the situation in the face of the epidemic situation and made a very correct countermeasures.The influence of this
epidemic on Tmall was deeply analyzed, and the conclusion was made: the new crown epidemic is both a
challenge and an opportunity forTmall.
KEYWORDS:Tmall; COVID - 19 outbreak ; The electronic commerce
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
The Settlement of Construction Disputes Through Dispute Councils From the Per...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This research differs from the practice of business activity in the construction services industry,
which may lead to construction disputes. The settlement of construction disputes is a consensus based on the
basic principle of debate. If the discussions between the parties do not reach an agreement, the parties may take
measures to resolve the dispute through the dispute council. Because the standard governing the disputes
committee was not fully regulated, they did not comply with the principle of legal certainty. Therefore, further
research was needed to establish a theoretical basis for regulating the disputes committee in settling construction
disputes. This research is a standard legal research using a legal regulatory, conceptual, and comparative
approach. The research results show that the ideal concept of resolving construction disputes through a dispute
council based on the value of legal certainty is to establish that the position of the dispute council is a special
court that has the authority to resolve construction disputes under construction services agreements. To realize
the position of the Court of Disputation as a special court, it must be based on the creation of philosophical
values, the creationof legislative regulations, and the creation of the institutional structure of the Court of
Disputation.
KEYWORDS-Construction Disputes, Dispute Council, Special Court
VALUES OF ORAL LITERATURE IN THE SOCIETY: A STUDY OF FOLKTALES OFOGBA IN RIVE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Oral literature is a creative work of art that portends high merit and has the creative use of
imagination in preliterate societies. It adopts the genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry in the oral milieu,
using performance as its hallmark. It thrives on the use of oral data because of its orality. This paper focuses on
the moral values or oral literature in the society using Ogba as a spring board. The study was carried out in
communities ofOgba. The population of the study consists of ten towns and village, in Ogba. The theoretical
framework used is Dell Hyme’s ethno-poetics because the works of oral literature relate to the society. This
paper concludes that oral literature serves to against all odds; communicate ideas, emotions, beliefs and
appreciation of life. The folktales in Ogba for instance, serve similar purpose through their
rendition/performance. Through the stories, the younger generation in Ogba society is familiarised with the
customs, traditions, and rituals prevalent in the society. This paper therefore recommends the use of oral
literature in all its genres to inculcate moral values and lessons to the teenagers and youths. Against this
background, Ogba (African) themselves must cease to regard oral literature as primitive and fetish.
KEYWORDS: Values, Oral Literature, Society, Ogba, Folktales
Pormalistikong Pagdalumat sa mga Tula ni Ron CanimoAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nilayon ng pag-aaral na ito na masuri ang dalawampung (20) tula ni Ron Canimo gamit ang
pormalistikong dulog batay sa mga sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at
Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e) Diksiyon. Layunin din nitong mataya ang antas ng pagtanggap ng
ginawang pagsusuri gamit ang nabuong instrumento sa pagtataya nito. Sinunod dito ang Input-Process-Output
na balangkas ng pag-aaral at ginamitan ng kwantitatib-deskriptib-ebalwatib na pamamaraan. Sa pamamagitan
ng talatanungang ibinatay sa ginamit ni Morales (2014) na naimodipika ayon sa kahingian ng kasalukuyang
pag-aaral, tatlong (3) gurong eksperto ang nagsilbing tagataya dito na siyang tumiyak sa kahusayan ng nabuong
pagsusuri ng mananaliksik. Gamit ang Content Analysis, natuklasan na makabagong pamamaraan ang istilo na
ginamit ni Ron Canimo sa pagsulat ng mga tula. Lahat ng kanyang mga tula ay walang sinusunod na sukat at
tugma, may iba‟t ibang tayutay at simbolismong ginamit, magkaibang pandama ang pinagana dahil sa mga
imahe at paglalarawang ginawa, iba‟t ibang uri ng pag-ibig ang tinalakay at gumamit ng pormal, impormal o
kumbersasyonal na wika at makabagong istilo sa pagsulat ng tula. Gamit ang mean at standard deviation,
lumabas na “Mataas” ang antas ng pagtanggap sa kabuuan ng mga gurong eksperto na tumaya sa nabuong
pagsusuri. Lumabas din na “Mataas” ang antas ng kanilang pagtanggap sa nabuong pagsusuri batay sa mga
sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e)
Diksiyon. Mula sa natayang pagsusuri at kinalabasan ng antas ng pagtanggap dito, naitala ang mga paksa sa
Junior High School Filipino na maaaring lapatan at gamitan ng nabuong pagsusuri.
KEYWORDS: Kumbensyunal, Pagdalumat, Pormalistiko, Ron Canimo, Tula
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
Psychosocial Factors and Deviant Behaviors of Children in Conflict with the L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant
behaviors among children in conflict with the law (CICL) inDavao Region. The researchers want to discover the
prevalent factors thatdrive these children to their behaviors. Further, the study sought to determinethe
manifestation of psychosocial factors in terms of life satisfaction, emotionalsupport, self-esteem, and personality
traits. The study's data came from N-83children in conflict with the law (CICL) at the Regional Rehabilitation
Center forYouth (RRCY) in Bago Oshiro, Davao City; all respondents are male. This studyused a total
enumeration sampling technique due to the relatively smallpopulation size. The researchers adapted the
Psychosocial surveyquestionnaires by Zabriskie & Ward (2013) and by John and Srivastava (1999)as well as the
Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016).Through the use of a validated questionnaire,
the mean and standard deviationare determined. The researchers modified this questionnaire and translated itinto
the respondents' mother tongue (Cebuano) for them to comprehend itbetter. The study discovered no significant
relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant behaviors of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in
theDavao Region
KEYWORDS :Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), deviant behaviors, psychosocial factors
Entropy: A Join between Science and Mind-SocietyAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Entropy is join, intersection and interaction between natural science and human mind-society.
We proposed that if internal interactions exist in isolated systems, entropy decrease will be possible for this
system. Management in system is a typical internal interaction within the isolated system. The purpose of
management is to use regulating the internal interactions within the system, and to decrease the increasing
entropy spontaneously. We propose the principle of social civilization and the developing direction is: freedom
of thought, rule of action. Both combinations should be a peaceful revision and improvement of social rules and
laws. Different countries and nations, different religions and beliefs should coexist peacefully and compete
peacefully. The evolution of human society must be coevolution. Its foundation is the evolution of the human
heart and the human nature.
KEYWORDS: entropy, science, society, management, mind, evolution.
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
Environmental Struggles and Justice Among Lumad Farmers of Davao CityAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study described the various environmental struggles experienced among the participants
and their status in accessing justice. The study followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach; the
participants are the Lumad farmers of Marilog, Davao City selected through a Critical sampling method and
aims to present the environmental violations experienced by the Lumad farmers in Davao City and how it
affected their families and sustenance further, their status in accessing justice is also explored. The study
concluded that the most common struggles the participant experience are Illegal logging and improper waste
disposal, which affect their farms, family, health, and income. Their preferred means to accessing justice is
through barangay settlement; the rigors of accessing courts, such as distance, expenses, fear of ruling, and the
hassle of being called to be present in court, are the most prevalent barriers that hinder the lead farmers from
accessing justice or seeking legal action. Nevertheless, the participants believed that the government would help
them in accessing justice.
KEYWORDS :access to justice, criminology,environmental justice, environmental struggles, lumadfarmers
CYBERBULLYING EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the cyberbullying experiences among Criminology students at the
University of Mindanao. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the study's online
questionnaire to the respondents and to survey the target population. This study has four hundred (400)
respondents, and the respondents are Criminology students at the University of Mindanao. The findings of this
study revealed that the level of cyberbullying experiences is sometimes manifested. On the other hand, the
cyberbullying experiences of the students indicate a moderate level, which indicates that the cyberbullying
experiences of the respondents are sometimes manifested. Also, the computations showed that among the
indicators presented, the highest mean is obtained in the psychological effect, which implies that there is a
significant effect of cyberbullying experiences of the respondents in terms of the Gender level of the
respondents. Therefore, respondents with a low level of cyberbullying experiences tend to have a moderate level
of cyberbullying experience. However, there is no significant effect in terms of age and year level of the
respondents according to the results regarding the psychological, emotional, and physical impact of
cyberbullying.
KEYWORDS :cyberbullying, emotional, experiences, psychological,physical effect, and simple random
sampling method.
A philosophical ontogenetic standpoint on superego role in human mind formationAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: One of the most significant contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the human being is the
elaboration of a model about the mind from a topical and dynamic perspective. Freud explains the mind by the
constitution of the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious. Later, by three dynamic components: the id, the
ego and the superego. Such an organization of the psychic apparatus supposes not only individual elements, but
social influences along the process of hominization. In this paper, we recover the findings of the renowned
anthropologist Lewis Morgan, trying to link some of them to the psychoanalytic theory. Especially highlighting
the importance of superego in Haidt’s social intuitionism.
Keywords: evolutionism, intuitionism, psychoanalysis, Freud, Haidt, Morgan
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of ForgivenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of Forgiveness.
The two variables are regarded to have influence on the decision one makes to forgive another. The study aimed
at examining the relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness, empathy and forgiveness
and to identify which one of the two,Psychological Empowerment or Empathy, is the more powerful predictor of
forgiveness. The study took a survey design with a sample of 350 drawn from a population of university students
using a self-administered questionnaire with four sections: Personal information, Psychological empowerment
scale, Toronto Empathy questionnaire, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Data analysis employed
Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show significant
relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness as well as empathy and forgiveness.
Empathy was found to be the more powerful predictor of forgiveness.
KEY WORDS: Psychological empowerment, empathy, forgiveness
This tutorial presentation provides a step-by-step guide on how to use Facebook, the popular social media platform. In simple and easy-to-understand language, this presentation explains how to create a Facebook account, connect with friends and family, post updates, share photos and videos, join groups, and manage privacy settings. Whether you're new to Facebook or just need a refresher, this presentation will help you navigate the features and make the most of your Facebook experience.
The Evolution of SEO: Insights from a Leading Digital Marketing AgencyDigital Marketing Lab
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Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2023
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 121
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN : 2378-703X
Volume-07, Issue-01, pp-121-126
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the
Challenges of Global Competition
Aprilianti1
, Kasmawati2
, Siti Nurhasanah3
, Rodhi Agung Saputra4
1
Faculty of Law, University of Lampung, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Law, University of Lampung, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Law, University of Lampung, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Law, University of Lampung, Indonesia
Corresponding author: Kasmawati
ABSTRACT: This research is to examine the principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the
Challenges of Global Competition. Challenges about the readiness of the Indonesian nation in facing global
competition, especially the ASEAN economic community, have been carried out by many components of the
nation. The increase in global competition and the dynamics of society, causing the ability to survive for this
nation is something important so that they can compete in the life of the nation and do business and avoid
predatory predators. The problem that will be discussed in this study is How the Principles of Islamic Sharia
Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition. The research method used is a normative
research method with a conceptual approach and analyzed using content analysis.
KEYWORDS : Shari'a Economic Law, Global Competition
I. INTRODUCTION
Today's economic globalization is a new manifestation of the development of capitalism. As in the
past, in order to overcome the crisis, multinational companies are looking for new markets and maximizing
profits by exporting capital and reorganizing production structures. as an international economic system. In
essence, globalization is the best means for Muslims to introduce Islamic culture and teachings to all corners of
the world. The challenges of the Islamic economy include that many countries that in fact have an Islamic
population tend to use the capitalist system, economically and politically the Islamic State is viewed as not
strong so it is difficult to prove that the Islamic Economic System is superior to capitalist and socialist, and
Among the experts themselves still have cross-opinions about the meaning of the Islamic Economic System. [1]
In understanding the legal aspects of the application of Islamic economics, it must be comprehensive,
starting from the theoretical-conceptual level to the problems and their implementation. A number of
experiments on the application of an economic system based on islamic sharia principles have shown many
indications of success, as shown in the rapid development of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Many verses
in the Qur'an encourage trade and commerce, and Islam expresses the attitude that there should be no obstacles
to honest and lawful trade and business that are in accordance with business ethics in Islam, so that everyone
earns income, provides for the family, and gives alms to the disadvantaged. Just as Islam regulates and
influences all other areas of life, so it regulates the ethics of industrial competition and entrepreneurship in
accordance with Islam. Islam requires industrialists and traders to do justice, honesty and trust for the creation of
human happiness (falah) and a good life that strongly emphasizes aspects of brotherhood, justice,
socioeconomics, and the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of mankind, especially in the muamalah aspect,
namely increasingly unlimited or international trade. [2]
Article 1 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning trade explains that Trade is an order of
activities related to the transaction of Goods and/or Services within the country and beyond the borders of the
country's territory with the aim of transferring rights to Goods and/or Services to obtain compensation or
compensation. In the era of globalization as it is today, boundaries and distances are no longer a barrier for a
person or entity to trade. In fact, even between countries can trade easily. In general, international trade is
defined as a mutually beneficial exchange relationship of goods or services between a country and another.
International trade is more complex than domestic trade because international trade crosses the boundaries of
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customs areas and state territories. Furthermore, the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job
Creation is a Government policy in order to anticipate the negative impacts of the globalization era. [3]
However, the fact is that the regulation was made to launch the interests of the government only and
not have an impact and teach how to survive in a global era in which there is fierce competition. The
crystallization of sharia-based economic thought does not intend to deny the understanding and analysis of
contemporary economic systems, but seeks to dialecticize understanding, correction with Islamic economic
values and ethics. Islamic economics categorically rejects the system of interest institutions that are the lifeblood
of the conventional economic system, because it is contrary to sharia values. Islamic economics will always be
concerned in realizing economic stability built on several assumptions that are the result of economic analysis.
Islamic economics, which once played an important role in the world economy, came because of the demands
for the perfection of Islam itself, not because the capitalist or socialist economic system contained many
weaknesses and injustices. Islam must be embraced kaffah and comprehensively.[4]
Islam requires Muslims to actualize their Islam in all aspects of life. In economic life, Muslims have
their own economic system, where the outlines have been described as a whole in the Qur'an and Assunah. It is
not possible for a Muslim to pray 5 times every day, while he consumes wine, drugs, gambles and drifts in pure
speculation. Likewise, it is impossible for a Muslim to carry out financial transactions containing Mayshir,
Ghoror, Riba and vanity. And anything that endangers himself or others. These are all signs that every Muslim
must obey, therefore the emergence of the Islamic economy is more a realization of the universality of Islam
itself. It's just that the awareness of practicing Islamic sharia kaffah has only emerged for decades this year. That
is why the development of the Islamic economy, especially in the world of education, banking and other Islamic
financial institutions, has only begun to surge in the next few years.
Islamic economic principles are defined as the main rules that build the structure or framework of
islamic economics, or the elements that become the structure of an activity, which are extracted from the source
of islamic teachings. The Islamic economic principles that are closely related to the conditions and problems of
the Indonesian nation are also in the momentum of facing competition in the free market (through the mental
revolution movement) including the principles of work, efficiency, compensation, professionalism, freedom,
competition, cooperation, and solidarity. Work as a principle in Islamic economics is an important element for
the process of progress and transformation in various aspects of life, both for individuals, society and the state.
So important is the principle of work in Islam has been shown by the many verses and hadiths that speak and
motivate Muslims to do work, both work that is divine (worship) and work that is worldly (muamalah). Islam
commands muslims to do both work in a balanced and earnest manner, even as a form of incentive, islam makes
also work (which is worldly) as worship.
Based on this description, it is necessary to provide solutions in facing global competition, especially in
the business world for the Indonesian people, the majority of whom are Muslims. Therefore, the problem in this
study is how the Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
The research method used is a normative research method, using a conceptual approach related to the
Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law in Facing the Challenges of Global Competition. The conceptual
approach is a type of approach in legal research that provides a point of view of problem solving analysis in
legal research in terms of aspects of the legal concepts behind it, or can even be seen from the values contained
in the naming of a regulation related to the concepts used related to the Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic
Law In Facing the Challenges of Global Competition, with accurate and accountable data. In addition, an in-
depth examination of the facts of the law was also held to then seek solutions to the problems arising in the
symptoms concerned.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The era of globalization, in some literature is stated to have begun in the 1990s. This era is marked,
among others, by the existence of important phenomena in the economic sphere. World economic activity is not
only limited by factors of geographical, linguistic, cultural and ideological boundaries, but rather by factors of
mutual need and interdependence with each other. The world has become as if there are no borders, mainly
because of the rapid development of information technology. Such a situation gives birth to many opportunities
as well as challenges, especially in efforts to develop the Islamic economy. The process of globalization is
expected to accelerate in the future, as Colin Rose argues that the world is changing at an unprecedented pace of
steps. People's lives including their legal and economic lives are becoming increasingly complex. [5]
In this global era, there are various kinds of economic systems of countries in the world. Nevertheless
broadly speaking, the economic system can be grouped on two poles, namely capitalism and socialism. Other
systems such as welfare state, state capitalism, market socialism, democratic socialism basically work on the
frame of capitalism and socialism. The difference between the New Economy and the old (previous) economy is
basically more of a paradigm in implementing or managing and developing economic activity. The New
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Economy is very loaded with the dynamics of rapid change, seemingly borderless activities, and networks that
become patterns of daily relationships that determine how value-added processes are carried out, as well as how
linkages and competitiveness are built and maintained. What's more important is that knowledge and innovation
are considered the driving force for the New Economy. This fact is indeed temporarily more significant in
developed economies. [6]
It is undeniable, that the term Islamic economy gives birth to a diverse impression. For some, the word
"Islam" positions the Islamic Economy in a very exclusive place, thus removing its value as an order for all
human beings (rahmatan lil'alamin). For others, Islamic economics is described as a concoction economy
between capitalist and socialist streams, so that the specific characteristics possessed by Islamic Economics
itself are lost. Umar Chapra referred to the Islamic economy as the Tawhid Economy. But in general, it can be
said to be divine economics. The reflection of the "Godhead" disposition of Islamic economics is not in the
aspect of economic actors because the perpetrators must be human beings but in the aspects of rules or systems
that must be guided by economic actors. It is based on the belief that all economic factors including man are
essentially God's, and to Him (to His rule) all affairs are returned (Q.S.109). As a godly economy, Islamic
Economics borrowing the term from Ismail Al Faruqi has a source of normative-imperative values, as a binding
reference. By accessing the divine rules, every human deed has moral and worship value. Every human action
must not be separated from value, which vertically reflects good morals, and horizontally benefits humans and
other beings.Islamic economics is a system that applies economic principles in accordance with Islamic
teachings, for any economic activity aimed at creating goods and services to meet human needs. Islamic
Economics as a science that studies the economic problems of society in the effectiveness of Islamic values.
A. The Politics of Islamic Economic Law and Sharia Economy
In its corridors globalization is the best way for Muslims to introduce Islamic culture and teachings to
all corners of the world. for example, it is stated in the Qur'an that there is no coercion in religion, Muslims
can offer ideology, Islamic lifestyle and culture, to the world by displaying the example of the Prophet
Muhammad SAW and his companions. Attitudes of simplicity, tawhid, honesty, and ethics are islamic wisdom
that mankind is currently looking forward to now. This opportunity can be used as well as possible by
Muslims in promoting a prosperous society and is recognized by Allah. The legal politics of the substance of
the terms Islamic economy and sharia economy in the frame of laws and regulations in Indonesia can be
observed from various clauses that mention these terms. The description and analysis on this subject is
important to carry out thematically and systematically. [7]
The nature of Islamic political economy is a legal policy designed by the government related to
economic development that can guarantee the fulfillment of people's needs and is based on Sharia values as a
reference parameter. This rule is a law that regulates the relationship of the state with society, individuals with
individuals, and individuals with society in economic activities. The legal policy that is built is not as an
internal state (government) policy in enacting a program. The above legal policy making concerns two things,
namely first, adapting the legal provisions that are already available. Second, fill the legal void by way of
rulemaking. Academically, the discussion of political economy is the result of the development of Islamic law
which is in the field of state wealth management policies. In Islamic political economy it is commonly called
siyasah Maliyah. In other words, it is tadakhkhul ad-daulah (state intervention). The state intervention referred
to by Ash-Shadr is a state that intervenes in economic activities that can guarantee the adaptation of Islamic
law related to the economic activities of the people. [8]
The economy is part of the muamalah in general in the Islamic concept must pay attention to the
principles of tawhid, caliph and justice, which must be balanced can be realized in a prosperous community
life. In the Islamic economy, it must have a commitment to realize the happiness and welfare of mankind.
More specifically in the field of economy, ang aims to realize justice and welfare in doing business and doing
business. Justice is understood here, when doing business, must carry out according to Islamic sharia and
follow the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, not according to lust alone by pursuing the greatest
profit. Unlike the case with conventional business methods that only care about profits. So it is fair based on
the rules of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet SAW, namely that you cannot deceive, cheat, lie and so on.
Within the scope of political economy, the expert who always talks about the discipline of political
economy and the ecological order (with market subsystem) of Islam is Masudul Alam Choudhury. According
to him, that Islamic economic politics is essentially a study of the endogenous role of ethico-economic
relationships between politics and the deep ecological system. In another editorial, he defines it as the study of
interactive relationship between polity (shura) and the ecological order (with market subsystem). The
Indonesian Ulema Council held a meeting of the National Sharia Council Establishment Team on October 14,
1997. Then the Indonesian Ulema Council Leadership Council issued Decree No. Kep-754/MUI/II/1999 dated
10 February 1999 concerning the Formation of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council.
Then the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council was formed in order to realize the
aspirations of Muslims to recognize economic issues and encourage the application of Islamic teachings in the
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economic or financial sector which is carried out in accordance with the guidance of Islamic values. This is a
measure of efficiency and coordination of the ulama in responding to issues related to economic or financial
matters. Various problems or cases that require a fatwa will be accommodated and discussed in order to obtain
a common view in handling them by each Sharia Supervisory Board in Islamic financial institutions can
encourage the application of Islamic teachings in economic and financial life, the National Sharia Council of
the Indonesian Ulema Council will always play a role proactively responding to the changing developments of
Indonesian society in the economic and financial spheres. [9]
Based on the increasingly solid term sharia economy in Indonesia, various agencies emerged and
used the term sharia economy, such as the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council, the
National Sharia Arbitration Board, Sharia Banking, the Directorate of Sharia Banking of Bank Indonesia, the
Directorate of Islamic Religious Affairs and Sharia Development of the Ministry of Religion, the Ministry of
Finance, the Supreme Court, and Universities within the Ministry of Religion. In particular, the Supreme
Court issued a regulation using the term sharia economy, namely Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of
2008 concerning the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law. The compilation of Sharia Economic Law is a
collection of sharia economic materials taken from various classical literature (yellow book) and contemporary
literature. The existence of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law is intended to be a reference for
Religious Justice Judges in receiving, processing, and resolving sharia economic disputes in Indonesia. To
harmonize the Law and Islamic financial literacy towards improving the national economy, on January 5, 2016
President Joko Widodo established an institution using the term Islamic economy, namely the National
Committee for Islamic Finance. Although the implementation of the term Islamic economy in the national
economic and legal system is increasingly accelerative and massive, the debate regarding the formalization of
the terms Islamic economy and sharia economy is still ongoing.
B. Principles of Islamic Sharia Economic Law In Facing The Challenges Of Global Competition
Regarding the basic principles of Islamic economics, Adiwarman Karim explained that the principles
that make up the overall framework of Islamic economics. Inthe islamic economy there are several laws that
form the foundation of this economic thought and concept. [10] The islamic economic building is based on
five universal values, namely: Tawhid (Oneness of God), 'Adl (Justice), Nubuwwah (Prophethood), Khilāfah
(Government) and Ma'ad (Results). These five foundations served as inspiration for compiling the
propositions and theories of Islamic economics. It is described as follows:
1. Tawhid (Oneness of God). Tawhid is the foundation of Islamic teachings. God owns the universe and all
the resources that exist because God created the universe and its contents. Therefore God is the ultimate
owner. Human beings are only given the mandate to have a while. In Islam everything that Allah created
has its benefits and purposes. The purpose for which man was created was to worship Him (QS 51:56),
therefore all activities that have to do with nature (resources) and man (muamalah) are framed in terms of
relationship with God. Because to Him we will account for all our deeds, including economic and
business activities.
2. 'Adl (Justice). In Islam, 'adl is defined as not menzalimi and not dizalimi. The economic implication of
this value is that economic actors are not allowed to pursue personal gain if it harms others or damages
nature. Without justice, human beings will be grouped into various groups. One group will tyrannize the
other so that human exploitation of humans occurs.
3. Nubuwwah (Prophetic). God sent prophets and apostles to give guidance and guidance from God on how
to live well and righteously in the world and teach the way to return (taubah) to the origin of all, which is
God. The function of the apostle is to be the best model that man must model in order to obtain the
salvation of the world and the hereafter. The last and perfect apostle to be exemplified until the end of
time is Prophet Muhammad SAW. The qualities of the Apostle to be exemplified, namely: siddīq (true,
honest), amānah (responsible, credible), fatānah (intelligent, wise, intellect) and tablīgh (communicative,
open, marketing expert).
4. Khilāfah (Government). Man is the caliph of God on the face of the earth, therefore man is essentially the
leader. In the hadith of the Prophet s.a.w. it is stated that, each of you is a leader and will be held
accountable for what he leads. This value underlies the principle of human collective life in Islam. Its
main function is to maintain the regularity of interaction (mu'āmalah) between groups, so that chaos and
commotion can be eliminated or reduced. In Islam the government plays an important role in the
economy. Its main role is to ensure that the economy runs in accordance with sharia and to ensure that
there is no violation of human rights. All this within the framework of achieving maqāsid sharī'ah i.e.
advancing human well-being.
5. Ma'ad (Results). Human life is not only in the world, for we will all return to God. God forbids us to be
bound to the world (QS. 31: 33) because when compared to the pleasures of the afterlife, the pleasures of
the world are not much. Man was created to struggle (QS. 90: 4). The struggle will be rewarded. Good
deeds will be repaid with multiple kinds of good, evil deeds will get the punishment they deserve. This
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principle became a motivation in economics and business, that profit is not only the profit of the world
but includes the profit of the afterlife. Therefore the concept of profit gains legitimacy in Islam.
Some of the legal foundations of Islam are the Quran and hadith. [11] The Quran and hadith have
much discussed how producers and consumers should behave, but only a few economic systems . Sharia
economy emphasizes 4 existing traits including Unity, Balance, Freedom, Responsibility. As well as some
principles in Islamic law as follows:
1. Principle of Competition. Islam has given encouragement to its people to compete in various good affairs
and in worship to achieve His pleasure. With competition, it will encourage the creation of a more
dynamic business and work climate, and will further encourage the achievement of high business
efficiency. Therefore, in the context of free market competition, competition, especially internally, of the
Indonesian nation is also very much needed, both competition between individuals, between businesses,
between sectors and between regions throughout Indonesia.
2. The Principle of Cooperation is an effort to encourage and strengthen each other in achieving common
goals. Indonesia as a country of course also has very clear goals together, therefore, cooperation is a very
important element in facing various conditions and challenges of the nation, one of which is in facing the
free market era. The importance of cooperation has not escaped great attention from Islam. Islam has
encouraged its people to cooperate with each other (ta'awun) in all positive things. Cooperation in
Islamic teachings is not only caused because humans have several common goals, but also because
human sunnatullah is created differently in many ways including in terms of potential and abilities, so
Islam strongly encourages the principle of cooperation in various aspects of human life.
3. The principle of Solidarity is the spirit of brotherhood which is implemented in the form of mutual help
and mutual respect (tolerance). Islam has taught the importance of solidarity. One proof of the teachings
of this principle is the obligation of zakat. The teachings about zakat contain a message about the
importance of solidarity in human life. Zakat has given a message that although on the one hand humans
are given the freedom to carry out economic activities including competing with others to obtain income
and benefits for achieving individual benefits and welfare, but on the other hand, Islam reminds people
who have reached a certain economic level (nishab) not to forget those who are still lagging behind
economically (the poor/dhuafa).
Islamic economics, in addition to concentrating on the allocation and distribution of resources as in
conventional economics, but its main goal is to realize maqās id shari'ah. Imam al-Ghazali (1422 H: 352)
explains that the main purpose of sharia (maqās id sharī'ah) is to encourage human welfare, which lies in the
protection of their religion (dīn), self (nafs), reason, lineage (nasl) and property (māl). Faith (religion) is
placed first, because it significantly influences the nature, quantity and quality of material and psychological
needs and how to satisfy them. Wealth is placed at the last destination not because it is considered
unimportant, but that the ability of property to realize human happiness will depend heavily on humans
themselves. In other words, possessions as objects alone are not capable of giving happiness to humans. Self,
intellect and heredity are closely related to humans themselves, so that their happiness is the main goal of
sharia. By including the human self, reason and offspring will enable the creation of a balanced fulfillment of
all the needs of human life.
Based on the maqās id shari'ah explanation above, it can be formulated that the objectives of Islamic
economics are as follows:
1. Economic prosperity within the framework of Islamic moral norms (the rationale is: QS. al-Baqarah verses
2 and 168, al-Maidah verses 87-88, al-Jumu'ah verse 10).
2. Forming a society with a solid social order, based on universal justice and brotherhood (the rationale is:
QS. alHujurāt verse 13, al-Maidah verse 8, al-Shu'arā' verse 183).
3. Achieving a fair and equitable distribution of income and wealth (the rationale is: QS. al-An'am verse 165,
al-Nahl verse 71, al-Zukhruf verse 32).
4. Creating individual freedom in the context of social welfare (the rationale is: QS. al-Ra'du verse
36, Luqman verse 22).
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research related to Islamic Sharia Economic Law Principles in Facing Global
Competition Challenges, it can be concluded that the study of economic growth and development can be found
in the concept of Islamic economics. This concept has basically been summarized both explicitly and implicitly
in the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet s.a.w. as well as the thoughts of earlier Islamic scholars. The specificity
of growth and development in the Islamic economy emphasizes very serious attention to the development of
human resources as well as the empowerment of nature to increase human dignity. This is not only manifested
in the successful fulfillment of material needs, but also in the need and preparation for the afterlife. So, Islamic
economics is more emphasized on a concept and effort to be able to improve people's welfare. Thus, Islamic
economics is the answer to the challenges of world civilization. Global competition is unavoidable which
requires the Indonesian people, who are predominantly Muslim, to adapt or survive in this situation. This can be
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done by using the principles of Islamic economics in everyday life, including emphasizing the 4 existing
characteristics including Unity, Balance, Freedom, Responsibility as well as several principles of competition,
cooperation and solidarity. The researcher feels that applying these principles can make a foundation in facing
global competition in the future, of course coupled with improving the quality of human resources and
understanding related to technology.
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