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Presentation on CPR, CAB, Defibrillation
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- 3. Introduction to CPR •CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation • Emergency procedure for cardiac arrest • Maintains circulation & oxygenation • Goal: Prevent brain damage & death
- 4. What is CABin CPR? • C = Circulation • A = Airway • B = Breathing • Ensures early chest compressions
- 5. Integrity and ethics Innovationand continuous improvement Why CAB Instead of ABC? • Focus on early compressions = higher survival • Oxygen in blood is enough initially • Circulation must start immediately
- 6. Step 1: Circulation– Chest Compressions • Check carotid pulse for 10 sec • If absent → start compressions • Rate: 100–120/min • Depth: 5–6 cm (adults) • Allow full chest recoil
- 7. Step 2: Airway •Open airway using: • Head tilt–chin lift (no trauma) • Jaw thrust (trauma suspected) • Clear visible obstruction
- 8. Step 3: Breathing •Give 2 rescue breaths • Each breath over 1 sec • Ensure chest rise • Reposition if no chest rise
- 9. CAB Summary Diagram •Diagram: Circulation → Airway → Breathing • Emphasize: 'Push Hard, Push Fast'
- 10. What is Defibrillation? •Electrical shock to heart • Used for VF or pulseless VT • Goal: Reset heart rhythm
- 11. When is DefibrillationNeeded? • Confirmed VF/pulseless VT on ECG • Unconscious, no pulse • Not for asystole or PEA
- 12. Types of Defibrillators • ManualDefibrillator • AED (Automated External Defibrillator) • Implantable (ICD)
- 13. Steps to UseAED • Power on AED • Attach pads • Analyze rhythm • Shock if advised • Resume CPR
- 14. AED Pad PlacementDiagram • Right upper chest • Left side below armpit • Include visual in real slides
- 15. Time to DefibrillationMatters • Each 1-min delay → 7–10% less survival • Shock within 3–5 mins = best outcome • Continue CPR during AED setup
- 16. Complications of Defibrillation • Skinburns • Myocardial injury • Rhythm conversion to asystole
- 17. Initial CPR Steps •Scene safety • Check responsiveness • Call EMS • Start CAB
- 18. Adult CPR Algorithm (AHA) ••No pulse/breathing → CPR •• 30 compressions : 2 breaths •• Attach AED •• Epinephrine every 3–5 min
- 19. Pediatric CPR Overview • Depth:1/3 chest diameter • Infant: 2 fingers; Child: 1–2 hands • Ratio: 30:2 (1 rescuer), 15:2 (2)
- 20. CPR With AdvancedAirway • Once ET tube placed: • Continuous compressions • Breath every 6 sec • No pause for breaths
- 21. Drug Use inCPR • Epinephrine 1 mg IV every 3–5 min • Amiodarone 300 mg IV (VF/pVT) • For advanced support
- 22. Reversible Causes – 5Hs & 5 Ts • Hs: Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypo-/Hyper-K, Hypothermia, H+ • Ts: Tension pneumo, Tamponade, Toxins, Thrombosis (MI/PE)
- 23. Post-Resuscitation Care •• StabilizeABCs •• Oxygenation •• Consider cooling •• ICU transfer
- 24. CPR Team Roles •Compressor • Airway manager • Defibrillator handler • Medication administrator • Team leader
- 25. Special CPR Scenarios •Drowning: Start with breaths • Pregnancy: Tilt uterus left • Trauma: Suspect bleeding • Hypothermia: Warm before pronouncing dead
- 26. CPR Quality Assessment •Use feedback device • Check ETCO₂ >10 mmHg • Coronary perfusion pressure >20 mmHg
- 27. CPR During COVID-19 •Use PPE • Minimize aerosols • Compression-only CPR • Use HEPA filter if ventilating
- 28. Common CPR Mistakes •Inadequate rate/depth • Delayed defibrillation • No chest recoil • Long interruptions
- 29. Improving Survival Outcomes • PublicCPR training • AED access • Code drills • Awareness programs
- 30. Summary Slide • CAB= Start with Compressions • Defibrillation = Key for VF/pVT • Management = Follows AHA/ERC • Timely CPR saves lives
- 31. References • AHA Guidelines •ERC Guidelines • Up To Date 2025 • Textbooks
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