This document discusses the design of a radio resource management algorithm for 4G mobile and wireless systems. It outlines the goals of studying existing RRM techniques in UMTS, WLAN and heterogeneous networks, and developing a new 4G RRM algorithm using SDL programming. It then provides details on mobility management procedures in UMTS and WLAN networks, including different types of handovers. Finally, it proposes network architectures for tight and loose coupling of UMTS and WLAN, and describes the mobility management and handover processes between the networks under each approach. It concludes by outlining an SDL model created to simulate a 4G network and manage radio resources across user connections to UMTS and WLAN.

1. Design of a Radio Resource
Management algorithm for 4G
mobile & wireless systems
University of Peloponnese – Dep. Of Telecommunications Science and Technology
Nikos Draganoudis
mailto: draganoudis@gmail.com
Supervisor: Dr. Alexandros Kaloxylos

2. Introduction
The development of telecommunications has allowed the
integration of different technologies (WLAN, UMTS) leading to the
4th
generation of networking or heterogeneous networks

3. Goals of dissertation
• Study of radio resource
management techniques of UMTS,
WLAN and heterogeneous
networks (UMTS/WLAN)
• Design and development of a 4G
RRM algorithm in SDL
programming.

4. Mobility Management
• One of the key functions in a network.
• The procedures in mobility management
can be divided in the following areas:
• The mobile tracking management:
Position Update Process
Call delivery process
Handover management
Softer handover
Soft handover
Soft- Softer handover
Hard handover

5. UMTS Introduction
• 3rd
generation communication
system
• Support of low and medium data
rates

6. UMTS Network

7. Geographical UTRAN Groups

8. Softer Handover
(same Nobe B / same RNC)
• The mobile is moving between cells of
the same Node B

9. Soft Handover
(different Node B/ same RNC )

10. Soft- Softer handover
(different Node B / different RNC/
same SGSN)

11. Soft- Softer handover
(different Node B/ different RNC/
different SGSN)

12. Hard Handover
• The hard handover is only used when the
current frequency can not be used and must
be changed.
• Changes between UMTS and WLAN or GSM
networks.

13. WLAN network

14. Mobility Management in WLAN
• Mobility in WLAN networks is limited due to the
restricted coverage area that an Access Point can
provide.
• By connecting multiple APs in a server we can expand
the coverage area.
• Therefore the mobility management in a WLAN
network includes the process of handover from one
AP to another

15. Handover Process in WLAN
• Although there are many protocols that were
designed to process handover to WLAN
networks as IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol)
they have the disadvantage that were designed
for specific purposes and companies that can
not meet the needs of this dissertation.
• For that reason we will use the MIPv6 protocol
for the handover process in these networks.

16. Network Architecture of
UMTS/ WLAN

17. Mobility management in
UMTS/WLAN networks
– Tight coupling
– Loose coupling
– Peer network

18. Tight coupling
• In this case, the WLAN can mimic an SGSN (Serving
GPRS Support Node)
• Multiple WLANs can be connected on the SGSN
• Mobility with UMTS to the WLAN or the WLAN to UMTS
will result in the adjustment of different SGSN RA
• Signaling and data packets carried over the medium
UMTS CN and the location of the user is maintained by
the HSS (Home Subscriber Server) to the UMTS CN

19. Mobility in Tight coupling
• Many of the results derives from the UMTS
Mobility Management
• Once the cell becomes aware that a greater
frequency of a WLAN is available, it attempts to
use the high frequency instead the lower one.
First the mobile is connected to a AP (Access
Point) network WLAN. After this cell triggers
the procedure for renewing SGSN RA with the
SGSN of the WLAN to act as the new SGSN
and the SGSN of the UMTS as the old SGSN
• The reverse process is for moving from WLAN
to UMTS

20. Mobility in Loose coupling
• Each set of APs (ESS) terminates in a GW
(Gateway)
• Multiple ESSs can be connected to the GNS
• The GNS protocols provides interoperability
between WLAN and UMTS CN (signaling) as
WLAN and IP network (data transfer)

21. Loose coupling

22. Διαπομπή από το UMTS στο
WLAN με Χαλαρή Διασύνδεση
• Αφού συνδεθεί με το κατάλληλο AP , το κινητό ζητάει μια
κατάλληλη IP από το WLAN.
• Τότε συνδέεται στον GSN’.
• Ο GSN’ επικοινωνεί με τον παλιό SGSN για την
ταυτοποίηση του κινητού.
• O GSN’ τότε ενημερώνει για την GPRS τοποθεσία του
κινητού και ο HSS (Home Subscriber Server) ακυρώνει
την προηγούμενη τοποθεσία που είχε με τον παλιό
SGSN.
• O παλιός SGSN απελευθερώνει τους δεσμευμένους
πόρους για το κινητό που έφυγε.
• Ο HSS στέλνει τα δεδομένα του χρήστη στον GSN’ και
επιβεβαιώνει την ανανέωση τοποθεσίας.
• O SGN’ ολοκληρώνει την σύνδεση με το κινητό.

23. Διαπομπή από το WLAN στο
UMTS με Χαλαρή Διασύνδεση
• Όταν το κινητό αποφασίσει να κάνει διαπομπή
στο UMTS , δημιουργεί ράδιο ζεύξεις με το
UTRAN χρησιμοποιώντας διαδικασίες UMTS
σύνδεσης
• Το κινητό τότε συνδέεται με τον GGSN
• Απελευθερώνονται οι πόροι από το WLAN

24. Peer networks
• The Mobile IP provides the framework for mobility
between similar networks
• In order the UMTS to support the mobility of users who
are not subscribed on it, the UMTS CN containing HA
functionality and AAA server (Authentication
Authorization Accounting Server)
• To WLAN also contains a AAA server as HA to support
various functions (Authentication, Authorization,
Accounting) and mobility in other similar networks
• In order to support the mobility of WLAN users to UMTS
the WLAN also includes an HLR (Home Location
Register)

25. Peer networks

26. SDL Model
• The purpose of this model is to
create a network of 4th generation
and the management of radio
resources for every user
connection.
• The model provides access in
UMTS and WLAN networks

27. SDL
model

28. SDL
Mobile
Terminal

29. Process
appl

30. Process
OYP (1)

31. Process
OYP (2)

32. Process
mip

33. Process
IWL

34. Process
ODP (1)

35. Process
ODP (2)

36. Process
ODP (2)

37. Process
User

38. Thank You!!
Nikos Draganoudis
University of Peloponnese – Dep. Of Telecommunications Science and Technology