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CK Cho Barrister, LLB( Hons.) London, CFE, DMS, FCMI, MIMC, MIoD
ckcho@ckcho.com.hk
smilercho@gmail.com
Chief Investigator , ICAC
1984-2000
Head, Legal Research & Management, ICAC
1991-2000
President , Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Hong
Kong Chapter
2007-2008
Founder, CKCHO Ltd
corporate training, frontline investigation and due diligence
services
www.ckcho.com.hk
Email:
Facebook:
Disclaimer
Not a substitute for legal advice
For educational purposes only
清廉指数2013 (获最高分数的头三个国家)
Source: http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/
新西兰
2013 分数 排名
91 1/177
2012 分数
90
丹麦
2013 分数 排名
91 1/177
2012 分数
90
芬兰
2013 分数 排名
89 3/177
2012 分数
90
Source: http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/
北韩
2013 分数 排名
8 175/177
2012 分数
8
阿富汗
2013 分数 排名
8 175/177
2012 分数
8
索马里
2013 分数 排名
8 175/177
2012 分数
8
清廉指数2013 (获最低分数的三个国家)
Source:http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/2013/05/09/326d15c259fdbca5
dc4e069b717280ec.jpg?itok=e3goZXeB
Tong Hin Ming:
Former Chief of ICAC
清廉指数2013(亚洲区)
Source: http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/
中 国
2013 分数 排名
40 80/177
2012 分数
39
香 港
2013 分数 排名
75 15/177
2012 分数
77
日本
2013 分数 排名
74 18/177
2012 分数
74
台湾
2013 分数 排名
61 36/177
2012 分数
61
南韩
2013 分数 排名
55 46/177
2012 分数
56
新加坡
2013 分数 排名
86 5/177
马来西亚
2013 分数 排名
50 53/177
2012 分数
菲律宾
2013 分数 排名
36 94/177
2012 分数
34越南
2013 分数 排名
31 116/177
柬埔寨
2013 分数 排名
20 160/177
2012 分数
缅甸
2013 分数 排名
21 157/177
2012 分数
15
泰国
2013 分数 排名
35 102/177
2012 分数
37
Treadway Commission 特雷德韋委員會(1992)
Enterprise Risk Management
企業風險管理指引 (2004)
Compliance
Laws
Company Law
Trust
Contract
Tort
Industry Specific Law
Regulations
Anti money laundering
Listing Rules
Guidelines on privacy
Anti-Discrimination
Health & Safety
Financial Statement
Efficiency
+
Effectiveness
Fraud Risk Management
詐騙風險管理(2008)
Internal Control Framework 內部監控指引
8
Accuracy Reliable
OperationsSOX (2002)
GAAP
國際會計準則
Key Principles
1. Fraud Risk
Management Program
2吋. Fraud Risk
Assessment
3. Fraud Prevention
4. Fraud Detection
5. Escalation,
Investigation and
Correction
System Approach; Prevention & Detection of Fraud
inputs
• Internal Auditing
• Fraud Awareness
• Collection of
intelligence
• Compliance
• External Auditing
• SOX
• Fraud Risk
Management
process
• Collection of evidence
• Computer forsenics
• Interview of witnesses
• Confrontation with
suspects
• Report writing
• Presentation to legal
counsel
• Working with law
enforcement
• Co-operating with
disciplinary committee
of professional Bodies
outputs
• Admissible Evidence
• Fraud risks identified
• Fraudulent activities
exposed
• Remedial action taken
• Control environment
created
• Truth ???
Quality Control; How effective are we?
Fraud Prevention & Detection Program
Directors
INED
Internal
Auditors
External
Auditors
Institutional
Investors
People Organisations
Technical
Competence
Integrity
Judiciary
Executive
Legislature
Regulators
Law
Enforcement
Professional
Bodies
Effective
Doing the right
thing? Doing it right
Knowledge
Investigation
Experience
Efficient
Technical
Competence
Integrity
Reasonable
Proportionate
Accountable
Legal
Elements of
Fraud
Computer
Forensics
Litigation
Support
Cont….
香港主要的欺詐條例
盜竊 詐騙
串謀詐騙
行騙
偽造帳目
海外反腐敗法 洗黑錢
13
與計算機相關之罪行
黑客
S.106
電訊條例
非法入侵電腦
S.161 刑事條例
刑事毀壞
S.60
刑事條例
爆竊
S.11
盜竊條例
14
15http://www.acfe.com
“舞弊”的定义:
舞弊者为谋取个人利益,利用其职业机会
或技术手段蓄意地侵占所属企业的资源或
资产,给企业造成损失。
据ACFE的统计,2012年美国企业有近 5%
的收入遭受职业舞弊的侵蚀,;统计报告中
每起舞弊造成的平均损失为140,000美元。
企业内部舞弊调查
美国注册舞弊审核师协会(ACFE)2012年度报告摘要
16
腐败 侵占资产
数据作假
利益冲突 非法馈赠受贿
现金 非现金
非财务数据财务数据
入账后窃取 入账前窃取
虚假支付
直接窃取 滥用
资产/收入
虚增
资产/收入
低估
入账时间
差异
虚假收入
隐藏负债和
费用
不当的信息
披露
不当的资产
估值
企业内部舞弊调查
美国注册舞弊审核师协会(ACFE)2012年度报告摘要
Yesterday….
When I was young!
Source: http://thm-a01.yimg.com/nimage/9b466ea002c30572
CK
Cho
Peter Godber,
Former Chief
Superintendent of
Police
Lord Crawford Murray Maclehose of Beoch will
be remembered for a long time for creating the
ICAC in 1973 at a critical time when Hong
Kong's integrity was challenged
To combat corruption, good laws and good
organisation are essential, but I put my trust
principally in the services of sound men.
We have therefore decided, on the advice of
the Executive Council, to set up a separate
Anti-Corruption Commission under a civilian
Commissioner.
Source: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Jack_Cater.jpg
Sir Jack Cater
1st ICAC
Commissioner
Lord Crawford
Murray Maclehose of
Beoch
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
www.acfe.com
Want to know more?
ckcho@ckcho.com.hk
smilercho@gmail.com
• Live a good, honourable life.
• Then when you get older and think back, you’ll be
able to enjoy it a second time.
---Dalai Lama’s 18 Rules for Living Expanded
CK Cho
JUNE 5TH 2013
Who will watch the watchers?
Who guards against the guards

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HKLPA - CK CHO's Presentation on Internal Control Framework