The document summarizes several security challenges and threats facing India, as presented by various officials. It discusses insurgencies in Northeast India due to complex terrain and ethnic/development issues. It also outlines border disputes with China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, and Pakistan. It notes social media poses national security risks like spread of misinformation and cyber threats. Other security issues addressed include naxalism, extremism, threats to critical infrastructure, and bioterrorism risks due to factors like disease detection challenges. Overall remedies suggested include increasing security cooperation, addressing development gaps, and strengthening cyber defenses and biosafeguards.

1. SECURITY CHALLENGES AND
THREATS TO INDIA
Presented by-
 Saurabh Kashyap, I.T.S.
 Manishankar Meena, I.T.S.
 Shivam Kumar Srivastav, I.R.R.S.
 Abhishek Kumar, I.R.R.S.
 Akshay Kumar Guruji, I.R.R.S.

2. INSURGENCY IN NORTH EAST
FACTORS:
1.COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY
2.DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUE
3.LACK OF GOVERNANCE
4.ETHNIC CLASHES AMONG TRIBALS
5.REGIONAL ASPIRATION
SOME MAJOR INTIATIVE OF GOVERNMENT
1.BORDER AREA DEVELOPMENT
2.HILL AREA DEVELOPMENT
3.SECURITY COOPERATION WITH NEIBHOUR
4.NORTH EAST BUSINESS SUMMIT

3. INDIA CHINA BORDER
DISPUTE

4. INDIA BANGLADESH BORDER
PROBLEM

5. INDIA NEPAL BORDER PROBLEM

6. INDIA MYANMAR BORDER
PROBLEM

7. INDIA PAKISTAN BORDER
PROBLEM

8. SOCIAL MEDIA IN NATIONAL
SECURITY
 Spread of fake news
 Breach of Privacy
 Polarization
 Internet fraud
 Cyber bullying
 Trolling
 Increased threat of cyber attack
 Inequality in participation

9. CHALLENGES-
 Cyber terrorism
 Spreading terrorism
 Use for recruiting terrorist
 Spreading hatred
 Money laundering
 Hacking
 Difficult to trace
 Revolutions and false propanganda

10. REGULATION
 Exponential increase in social media profiles
 Quick spread of information
 Disparity of information available
 To curb illegal activities
 Ensure violence does not take place

11. NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVES
ON TELECOM SECTOR
 Exponential increase in social media profiles
 Quick spread of information
 Disparity of information available
 To curb illegal activities
 Ensure violence does not take place

12. NEED
 Prone To cyberattack
 Threat from emerging Technologies
 Move toward Atma Nirbhar
 Data Security
 Data Security
 Internet penetration via Telecom sector

13. IMPLICATION
 Boost Indigenisation
 Strengthen Cyber environment
 Make ready for future technologies
 Increase Research and Development

14. WAY FORWARD
 Technological advancement
 SystemCyber security infrastructure
 More Budget for Researchatic approach
 Legal Measures

15. EXTREMISM
 Extremism means adoption of extreme political,
social or religious ideals that reject or undermine the
status quo and undermine contemporary ideas and
expressions of freedom.
 Depending on the objectives of the group/groups,
the nature of terrorism also differs such as ethno-
nationalist terrorism, religious terrorism, left-wing
terrorism, right-wing terrorism, state sponsored
terrorism, cyber terrorism, urban terrorism etc.

16. NAXALISM
origins of the LWE can be traced back to 1967 in the three areas of Naxalbari (from which the
term Naxal originates), Phansidewa and Khoribari in West Bengal’s Darjeeling District.
 aims to overthrow the government
 creates conditions for non-functioning of the government
 to attain political power by violent means and establish what they envisage

17. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR RISE OF NAXALISM
 Land Related Factors
 Political Factors
 Economic Factors
 Environmental Degradation
 Lack of basic facilities

18. WAY FORWARD
 Learning from best practices like Chhattisgarh police
 Eliminate the feeling of alienation with tribals
 Better Cooperative federalism
 Forest Rights
 Financial empowerment
 Accelerate Infrastructure development
 Leveraging the use of technology
 Need to spread awareness through media
 Open the channels for political dialogues

19. THREAT TO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM:-
• Critical infrastructure provides services that are essential for everyday life
such as energy, food, water, transport, communications, health and
banking and finance.
• A disruption to critical infrastructure could have serious impact on national
security, the economic and social welfare of a state.
• A malware infection in the IT network of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power
Plant (KKNPP) located in Tamil Nadu was first reported in social media on
October 28.
• November 2017 malware attack on the Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand
• Ransomware attack on West Bengal State Electricity Distribution
Company in May 2017

20. ISSUES & CHALLENGES:
• Capability Asymmetry: India lacks indigenization in hardware as well as
software cybersecurity tools. This makes India’s cyberspace vulnerable to
cyberattacks motivated by state and non-state actors.
• Individuals within Critical Infrastructures such as present or past
employees, third party contractors and supply chain partners can pose a
significant risk.
• Reluctance in Sharing Information: A significant challenge in protecting
critical infrastructure is the inhibition in the private (and public) sector to
share information about the vulnerability of their systems
• Smart sensors and communication technology bundled into various
industrial control systems are more prone to attacks.

21. WAY FORWARD:
• India needs better budgetary allocations for cybersecurity.
• The government also needs a robust infrastructure, processes and audit
system to strengthen cybersecurity.
• Training and awareness programs and also nurturing and development
of audit and certification agencies for protection of CIs.
• Capacity building programs.

22. BIOTERRORISM:
• A biological attack, or bioterrorism, is the intentional release of viruses,
bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops.
• India is especially vulnerable to such infections because of its large
population, low healthcare spending, minimal expenditure on research that
benefits public health, weak coordination between central and state health
authorities, limited involvement of private actors, poor awareness of
biosecurity.
• Most recently, COVID-19 has revealed the deep fault lines in India’s public
health infrastructure, including a shortage of healthcare workers, scarcity
of medical equipment, poor access to healthcare facilities in rural areas,
and inefficient disease reporting and surveillance in most states.

23. ISSUES & CHALLENGES:
• Identifying the motive: There is general difficulty faced by the agencies
to differentiate between intentional harm and accidental transmission.
• Limited information: New biological agents either in nature or artificially
made cannot be anticipated before it can cause a public nuisance.
• Deadly Nature: Agents used in Bioterrorism are highly transmissible and
deadly in nature which is hard to control once fully unleashed in the
population.
• Problem of Detection and control: The latency period and mutation into
different strains of agents makes disease detection and control difficult.

24. MEASURES NEED TO TACKLE BIO-WEAPONS:
• Integration with National Security: Biosecurity should be
mainstreamed into our defence, security and counterterrorism strategies.
• National Rapid Deployment Biosecurity Force: A dedicated National
Rapid Deployment Biosecurity Force should be established.
• National strategies: India should develop National strategies for bio-
intelligence and cooperate with other friendly biosecurity powers.
• Bio-safety of Research facilities: Governmental and private R&D labs,
biotech and virology centres need to be catalogued according to
established safety levels, especially for dangerous biological toxins.
• Controlling the technology: Biological materials.

25. *** THANK YOU ***