A power quality monitoring system gathers and analyzes electricity measurement data to provide useful information. It allows plants to perform energy management, preventive maintenance, quality control, and save money. Power quality monitoring equipment includes digital fault recorders, smart relays, voltage recorders, in-plant power monitors, and special-purpose power quality equipment. These devices monitor voltage, current, and other measurements to detect issues like harmonics, sags, disturbances and optimize power quality and performance.

1. BY,
DANIEL MANOJ NETHALA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Power Quality Monitoring

2. Introduction to PQM
 Power Quality Monitoring (PQM) has many benefits,
such as improving performance and quality.
 A PQM System will gather, analyze, and
interpret raw electricity measurement data into
useful information.
 A typical monitoring system measures voltage and
electrical current, but ground quality may also be
measured if unbalanced loads or harmonics are
detected.

3. Reasons To Employ Power Quality Monitoring
 There are a number of reasons to employ power quality
monitoring.
 It allows plants to perform energy management,
preventive maintenance, quality control, and saves
money.
 Today, many end users have sensitive
telecommunication or computer equipment that don't
utilize PQM.
 This makes them vulnerable to power quality issues.
Also, today’s customers understand the consequences of
power fluctuations and expect a higher level of service.
Currently, it is estimated that power outages account for
up to 40 percent of all business downtime.

4. Power Quality Monitoring Equipment
 To monitor their power, modern power
plants use
 Digital Fault Recorders,
 Smart Relays,
 Voltage Recorders,
 In-plant Power Monitors,
 And Special-purpose Power Quality
Equipment.

5. Digital Fault Recorders
 A digital fault recorder activates on
fault events and records the current
waveforms and voltage that caused the
problem.
 It can also capture periodic waveforms
helpful in calculating harmonic
distortion levels.

6.  It typically triggers on fault events and record
the voltage and current waveforms that charac
terize the event.
 Helps in characterizing disturbances like voltag
e sags, during power system faults.
Can also capture periodic waveform for calculat
ing harmonic distortion levels.

7. Smart Relays
 Smart relays check the power current and record
disturbances.
 Recently, manufacturers of relays that monitor th
e current anyways
are adding on the capability to record disturbanc
es and make the
information available to an overall monitoring sys
tem controller.
 Location can be at the feeder circuits as well as
at the substation.

8. Voltage Recorders
 A variety of voltage recorders are used to monitor
variations that are on the system. A voltage recorder
detects a trend and gives minimum, maximum, and
average voltage every two seconds.
 A variety of voltage recorders are used to monito
r voltage variations on distribution systems.
 Typically, the voltage recorder provides a trend t
hat gives maximum,
minimum and average voltage with a resolution o
f less than 2seconds.

9. In-plant power monitors
 In-plant power monitors, usually at the
service entrance, capture wave shape for
evaluation of harmonic distortion levels or
voltage sag conditions.
 Special-purpose power quality monitors are
able to simultaneous watch voltage and
current.

10.  In short, Power Quality Monitoring System
monitors the quality of voltage and current
produced by a power plant.
 It's employed to decrease plant and
customer downtime, and optimize the
quality of electricity delivered. A good
system will also improve the performance,
efficiency, and longevity of power generating
equipment.