This document discusses lateral earth pressures and retaining wall design. It begins by defining active and passive pressures (Fa and Fp) that act on retaining walls, and how they depend on wall displacement. It then presents Rankine's theory for calculating active (Ka) and passive (Kp) pressure coefficients for cohesionless soils based on the soil's friction angle. The key equations given are for Ka and Kp in terms of the friction angle. Graphs of Mohr's circles are provided to illustrate the analysis and define the failure planes for active and passive states.