The document defines planning as determining a course of action to achieve desired results. It is a process that involves looking to the future and selecting actions. Planning provides a framework for managing, motivating, and controlling an organization. It is a prerequisite for effective management. Planning bridges the gap between current and desired states by deciding what to do, how to do it, where, and by whom. Planning helps organizations choose the right path and improves efficiency, coordination, decision-making, and innovation. Plans can be standing, single-use, objectives, policies, strategies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets or schedules. Planning occurs on long-term and short-term horizons and at strategic, operational, and functional levels. The

2.  It refers to the determination of a course of
action to achieve a desired result
 It is a process rather than behavior at a given
point of time
 It is primarily concerned with looking into
future
 It involves selection of suitable course of action
 It provides the framework within which
coordinating, motivating and controlling can be
under taken
 Planning is in fact prerequisite to effective
management

3. o Planning may be broadly defined as a concept of
executive action that embodies the skills of
anticipating, influencing and controlling the nature and
direction of change.
o “Planning is deciding in advance what to do how to do
it, where to do and who is to do it. Planning bridges the
gap from where we want to go. It makes it possible for
things to occur while would not otherwise open”
-Koontz and O’Donnel
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4. o “Planning is fundamentally a mental predisposition to do
things in an orderly way, to think before and to act in the
light of the fact rather than guesses”.
-L.F. Urwick
o “The plan of action is, at one end and at the same time
the result envisaged, the line of action to be
followed, the stages to go through and the methods to
use”
-Henri Fayol

5.  Helps Organisation a right path
 Making Objectives Clear
 It reduces risk and uncertainty
 It improves efficiency of operations
 Provides the basis of control
 Facilitates decision making
 Offers effective & better co-ordination
 Encourages innovations and creativity
 Planning leads to Economy in operation

6. Plans
Standing Plans Single Use Plans
Objectives Programmes
Policies Budgets
Strategies Schedules
Project
Procedures
Rules

7.  On the basis of time dimension, planning is
generally divided into long range and short
range planning
a. Long-range Planning sets long terms goals for the
enterprise and then proceeds to formulate specific plans
for attaining these goals.
b. Short-range Planning is concerned with the
determination of short term activities to accomplish
long term activities.
....... continued

8.  On the basis of nature or level of
planning, there can be following types of
planning
a. Strategic Planning concerns long term survival and
development, it’s objective is on future profit.
b. Operational Planning is planning that covers functional
areas like production, marketing, finance and
purchasing.
c. Functional Planning is prepared for various functional
areas of business like production planning, marketing
planning, financial planning and manpower planning.

9. i. Setting Objectives
ii. Establishing Planning
Premises
iii. Identify alternatives
iv. Evaluation and choice
v. Formulating derivative
plans
vi. securing cooperation
vii. Follow up of plans

10.  Planning Premises may not be fully reliable
 Dynamic condition act as a limitation of
planning
 Availability of time is a limiting factor of
planning
 Cost involved in planning is also a limiting
factor
 Mental attitude of a management
 Capital invested in fixed assets may be
limitation to planning

11.  The planning premise is a set of
assumptions made about the
environment during a planning process.
 Planning Premises means systematic
and logical estimate for the future
factors affecting planning
• Internal and External Premises
• Tangible and Intangible Premises
• Controllable and Uncontrollable Premises

12. THANK YOU
presented by:-
(GROUP ONE)
Manish Ranjan Singh
Manish Chaudhary
Manibhushan
Manika Suyal