This document provides an overview of Piriformis Syndrome, outlining its epidemiology, predisposing factors, aetiology, diagnostic tests, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, imaging studies, electro-diagnostic studies, intrapelvic causes, specific muscle and nerve variations, clinical diagnosis, treatment options including physiotherapy, and potential complications. The document contains 18 sections that will be compiled and published in a book on Piriformis Syndrome, with an introduction by a consultant orthopaedic surgeon.