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Pediatric Rashes.pptx
- 2. Primary skin lesions Macule: flat, well defined area of altered skin pigmentation Papule: solid, raised, well defined lesion (less than 1cm in diameter) Vesicle: raised lesions filled with clear fluid (less than 1cm in diameter)
- 3. • Pustule: vesicle filled with pus (less than 1cm) • Wheal: area of edema in epidermis • Petechiae: non-blanching, erythematous macules(less than 0.5cm)
- 6. Patterns and distribution • Annular: ring shape • Discrete: lesions tend to remain separate • Confluent: lesions tend to run together
- 7. Types of rashes on the base of etiology • Non-infectious rashes • Infectious rashes • Systemic disease rashes
- 8. Non infectious rashes • Birth marks • Dermatitis • Drug rashes
- 9. Birth marks • Pigmented birthmarks: examples include • Moles • Café-au-lait spots • Mongolian spots
- 11. • Vascular birthmarks: examples include • Salmon patches • Hemangiomas • Port wine stains
- 13. Dermatitis • Atopic dermatitis(eczema) • Seborrheic dermatitis(cradle cap) • Contact dermatitis
- 14. Cradle cap
- 17. Infectious rashes • Viral • Bacterial • Rickettsial
- 18. Viral • Measles: begins on face and progresses downward to involve trunk and extremities • Maculopapular • Koplik spots • Disappears on 7th to 10th day • Macules and papules are blanching
- 20. Rubella • Discrete, rose pink, papular or maculopapular • Begins on face and neck, spreads to trunk and extremities within 1 day • Disappears on 3rd day without desquamation
- 22. Roseola infantum • Discrete, rose-red, maculopapular • Appears first on chest and trunk then spreads to face and extremities • Disappears within 2 days
- 25. Chicken pox • Initially papular, becomes vesicular and then ruptures(dew-drops) • Central distribution • Crust in 24-48 hours • Appear in crops • Crusts fall off in 1-3 weeks leaving no scar
- 28. Herpes zoster • Pre eruptive pain • Appear in clusters, in dermatomal distribution • Associated with severe pain
- 31. Herpes simplex • Vesicles appear at muco-cutaneous junction of lips • Heals with crusting
- 33. Fifth disease • Flushed cheeks with circum-oral pallor • Slapped cheeks • Maculopapular eruption over upper and lower limbs • Lace like pattern of rash over limbs
- 36. Bacterial rashes • Scarlet fever: • Erythematous, papular • Feels like rough sand paper • Blanches on pressure • Appears on flexor surfaces • Face red and flushed with circum-oral pallor • Desquamation involves hand and feet
- 38. Meningococcemia • Petechial or purpuric with asymmetric distribution • Petechiae coalesce to form gross ecchymotic areas • Skin in the center becomes gangrenous • Appears within 24 hours
- 40. Typhoid fever • Rose spots (pink papules) • On lower chest and upper abdomen • Blanch on pressure • Disappear in 3-4 days • Become brownish as they subside
- 42. Impetigo • Begins with red sores around the nose and mouth • Lesions are first vesicular, progresses to pustular and crusting stage • Begin healing after 3 days
- 44. Rickettsial rashes • Rocky mountain spotted fever: non itchy • Maculopapular and petechial rash • With peripheral distribution • Involves palms and soles
- 46. Systemic diseases • Systemic lupus erythematosus: • Malar rash(butterfly) • Discoid rash
- 49. • Stevens Johnson syndrome: • Painful red-purplish rash • Spreads and blisters
- 51. thank you
Editor's Notes
- Macule greater than 1 cm maybe called a patch. Vesicle greater than 1cm is bullae. Pustule is filled with pus.