The document discusses different types of paragraphs used in writing. It identifies opening, transition, and closing paragraphs. It also outlines specific paragraph types like argumentative, conceptual, chronological, enumerative, descriptive, explanatory, exposure, narrative, comparative, cause-and-effect, problem statement, deductive, inductive, and conclusion paragraphs. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their purpose and structure.

1. PARAGRAPH
TYPES
JENNIFER MORALES – LUNA BASTIDAS
TEORIA DISCURSIVA – LENGUAS MODERNAS
UNIVERSIDAD EAN- MAYO 2017

2. Introduction
Paragraphs respond to different types of text, we can find descriptive,
narrative, argumentative and expository texts.
Therefore there are also descriptive, narrative, argumentative and
expository paragraphs. The paragraphs are combined according to the
need of the subject.

3. Paragraph types
• Opening paragraph
• Transition paragraph
• Closing paragraph
• Argumentative paragraph
• Conceptual or definition paragraph
• Chronological paragraph
• Enumeration Paragraph
• Descriptive paragraph
• Explanatory paragraph
• Exposure paragraph
• Narrative paragraph
• Comparative paragraph
• Cause and effect Paragraph
• Problem Statement Paragraph
• Deductive paragraph
• Inductive paragraph
• Conclusion paragraph

4. Opening Paragraph
It is the one that introduces the text, its function is
fundamental, since in the author the problem is presented, it
raises the thesis, it attracts the interest of the reader.
Example: It is a proven fact that the surface temperature of
the earth is increasing at an increasing rate. If this is
continued, the average surface temperature of the earth will
increase by 0.3 ° C per decade. According to the experts, this
figure may be due to great climatic changes in all terrestrial
regions.

5. It works to give a change of theme, of bridge for the
continuation of the text or to move from one part to
another. Use expressions like; Consequence, therefore
nevertheless, in spite of the above, also, finally, etc.
Example: There are other forms of representation more or
less similar to the concept maps. Next we will see each of
the examples of previous steps.
Transition Paragraph

6. Summarize the general meaning of the text, it aims to generate
a good memory in the reader. It presents the same typology as
the opening paragraph, in this case to summarize or recover
the essence of the text.
Example: Then, when the financial outbreak of the public
pension systems is produced, the new majors will be revealed,
who will refuse to retire. And so a new culture will arise only for
the elderly, as a sign of identity that will allow them to
recognize themselves with pride and self-esteem.
Closing Paragraph

7. It presents an idea to convince someone of what is affirmed
or denied.
Example: I am not a historian. I just want to mention a couple
couple of things; For me it is not the fact of how it was
celebrated but rather to insist that we Mapuche have nothing
to celebrate in our next Bicentennial. (Crescent Bar M)
Argumentative Paragraph

8. To clarify the meaning of a term or to center a thought that will
be used more. Without these conceptual definitions, the reader
would not understand the author's ideas.
Example: Administrative language is the language used by the
organs of state administration, both in their internal relations
and in their relationship with the administered ones.
Conceptual or definition
Paragraph

9. Those that refer to the temporary succession of an event.
Example: The feminist movement gained strength at the
beginning of the twentieth century to achieve, in the decades
of the twenties and thirties, that female suffrage acquired
power in all the constitutions of civilized countries.
Chronological Paragraph

10. It has an organizing phrase that helps the reader to indicate
the ordering of the text.
Example: In my garden I planted five species of different
flowers, Hydrangeas, cartridges, daisies, azaleas and orchids
Enumeration Paragraph

11. Describe the object, person, idea or situation to be discussed. In
describing, one must follow a logical order.
Example: Egypt is a country in North Africa and one of the
most attractive in the continent. It has to the north the
Mediterranean sea, to the west to Libya to the south Sudan and
to the east it makes border with Israel. Also is bathing in the
Red Sea.
Descriptive Paragraph

12. It serves to clarify or further develop the subject that is being
presented.
Example: The harmful effects of smoking are many, as it is
proven that smoking various substances that damage the body,
including the tar destroys thousands who have lung alveoli and
serves to extract oxygen from the air is inhaled .
Explanatory Paragraph

13. It is one in which some information is presented in an organized
way.
Example: A story is a story or narration of few pages, which is
characterized by having a single line of action, i.e. it is a single
portrait, not several at a time.
Exposure Paragraph

14. It exposes in a temporal order events, actions.
Example: Narrative paragraphs are a lot of fun to write. Here
you can tell your reader a story from beginning to end. You
don't have to imagine anything out of the ordinary - only tell
the story, tell what happened. This alone usually allows the
nervous writer to stop worrying about generating ideas, and
to concentrate on organizing the events in the story being
told.
Narrative Paragraph

15. It consists of the expression of the similarities or differences that
exist between two objects or phenomena.
Example: Dogs and cats have accompanied mankind from its
beginnings, but their characters are very different, while the dog
comes to consider human as one of its kind, only cats are a
source of food and comfort.
Comparative Paragraph

16. It presents a fact followed by the reasons that caused it or by
the consequences that it derives.
Example: Many people moved to Canada from Europe during
during the 19th century because there were terrible living
conditions in Europe
Cause and effective Paragraph

17. Structured in two parts:
The first presents the problem, explicitly or veiled. In the second
the solution is exposed, in the same way as the problem.
Example: It is evident that the average cholesterol level in the
blood has increased in the Mediterranean countries, which
gives us an idea that healthy eating habits are disappearing,
which are replaced by others in which fats of animal origin have
a role important.
Problem statement Paragraph

18. Main idea at the beginning. For its construction is part of a
generalization and then present specific cases.
Example: "Sound in the middle of the night was heard Woke up after
your dog barking and heard the front door close sharply trembled
Footsteps approached her bedroom ... Joaquin lived alone... Someone
had entered their house in the middle NIGHT AND THE DANGER LE
stalking ".
Deductive Paragraph

19. Main idea at the end. It begins with sentences that express
secondary ideas to arrive at a generalization, or thematic idea
as a conclusion of what has been affirmed.
Example: "LIFE IS EASIER THAN YOU BELIEVE That thought my
best friend and that I started thinking when the other afternoon
I saw on television that cruel scene of a woman who had lost
everything. I thought better and reflected on this idea,
embarrassing for myself".
Inductive Paragraph

20. Used to close a topic or section. It is easy to detect it because it
begins with expressions like the following: In conclusion, in
synthesis, of the previous thing we can conclude that,
consequently and others similar.
Example: In conclusion, each stage of the revision, construction
and writing of a text was identified; As well as the proper writing
of the sentence and the paragraph. It recognizes the types of
errors of argumentation to avoid them in the moment of writing
or to correct a text; How to apply paragraph types in different
written texts. This in order to achieve a clear and precise
communication.
Conclusion Paragraph

21. THANK YOU