The document discusses the potential for a peer-to-peer (P2P) electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure using blockchain technology. It outlines the rising adoption of EVs and need for more charging stations. A P2P model could allow private owners to share surplus energy and charge other EVs directly without third parties. Blockchain would allow for decentralized management, transparency, and energy sharing through smart contracts. The document proposes a technical architecture and implementation using Hyperledger Fabric to build a trusted P2P EV charging network.

1. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure
Sanjaya Kumar Panigrahi
sanjayp.panigrahi@gmail.com

2. Objective
After completion of this presentation, we should understand the following:
q Rise of Electric Vehicle
q EV Adoption – The Drivers and Barriers
q Fuel For the Future - EV Charging Station Infrastructure
q Leveraging Blockchain for EV Charging Station
q P2P EV Charging Station Infrastructure

3. Rise of Electric Vehicle
Ø By 2050, there may be as many as 2 billion conventional cars on the road globally, compared to 750 million in 2010.
Ø This type of demand represents both a challenge and an opportunity to capitalize on new vehicle technologies.
Ø With growing conventional fuel prices and their fading presence encourages the search for low-cost options.
Ø In a world where oil is a limited resource, an alternate source of transportation fuel – electricity
Ø Demand for electric vehicles is driven by increased demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, high-performance, and low-
emission.

4. Rise of Electric Vehicle
Thomas Edison says…
“I would put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don’t have to wait until oil
and coal run out before we tackle that.”

5. Rise of Electric Vehicle - Global Market
EV comes with a number of benefits like zero emission, energy renewable. So the adoption is growing globally.

6. Rise of Electric Vehicle - Global Market

7. Rise of Electric Vehicle - Global Market - Opportunity

8. Rise of Electric Vehicle - Global Market - Opportunity
Report from various institute globally on the opportunity on EV.

9. Rise of Electric Vehicle - Indian Market
Ø In a bid to go green, the government is targeting the year 2030 by which it plans to go all-electric in terms of new car
sales in the country.
Ø In its National Electric Mobility Mission Plan, the government hopes to get at least six to seven million electric
vehicles on the road by 2020.

10. EV Adoption – Key Drivers
Ø The below key factors are the drivers for EV adoption
o Favourable government policies and subsidies
o Need for increased vehicle range per charge (Demand)
o Heavy investments from automakers in electric vehicles
o Growing concerns over environmental pollution.

11. EV Adoption – Key Barriers
Ø The below key factors are the barriers for EV adoption
o EV charging infrastructure
o Vehicle/battery prices
o Lack of vehicle models
o Lack of policy support
o Consumer education

12. EV Charging Infrastructure
Ø One of the major barriers of EV adoption is
the availability number of EV charging
Infrastructure.
Ø To promote higher EVs adoption, research is
being carried out to find ways to increase
the number of charging stations.
Ø Govt of India also initiate and define certain
policy and encourage to increase the Public
Charging Station.

13. EV Charging Infrastructure - News

14. EV Charging Infrastructure - News

15. Ø The Indian government has created momentum through its Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)
Electric (FAME) Vehicles scheme.
Ø Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that there will be an additional income tax exemption of ₹1.5 lakh
for purchasers of electric vehicles in Budget 2019-2020.
Ø GST rate on Electric Vehicles (EVs) would be lowered to 5%.
Ø Govt recently approved around 2600 charging station around 62 cities
EV Charging Infrastructure – Govt Initiative

16. https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/webform/notices/sc
an0016%20%281%29.pdf
https://www.niti.gov.in/niti/writereaddata/files/document_pu
blication/Report-EV-Infra.pdf
EV Charging Infrastructure – Govt Policy

17. The
EV Charging Infrastructure – Govt Policy

18. Ø Enough parking space for the Car for charging, entry and exist
Ø Min 5 type of charging point required
ü Fast :
o CCS(50 KW)
o CHAdeMO(50 KW)
o Type -2 AC (22 KW)
ü Slow :
o Bharat DC -001(15KW)
o Bharat AC-001 (10 KW)
Ø Sharing the data with DISCOM and follow the protocol from DISCOM.
EV Charging Infrastructure – Govt Policy

19. EV Charging Infrastructure - Problem
Ø Centralised Managed Platform
Ø Lack of Transparency on billing
Ø The Surplus energy is being waisted
Ø Third Party Involvement
Ø High Process time

20. EV Charging Infrastructure - Solution
Ø Decentralised Managed Platform
Ø P2P Charging and Payments
Ø Energy Sharing
Ø No third-party intermediary

21. EV Charging Infrastructure - Solution
Leveraging the Blockchain technology to which is align with the solution:
Blockchain is a technology that enables so-called “peer-to-peer” transactions. With this type of transaction, every
participant in a network can transact directly with every other network participant without involving a third-party
intermediary.
Ø Decentralised Managed Platform
Ø P2P Charging and Payments
Ø Energy Sharing
Ø No third-party intermediary

22. What is Blockchain ?
Ø Blockchain is a special technology for peer-to-peer transaction platforms that uses decentralised storage to record all
transaction data.
Ø Blockchain technology changes the way we transact, with the underlying transaction model shifting away from a
centralised structure (banks, exchanges, trading platforms, energy companies) towards a decentralised system (end
customers, energy consumers).
Ø Third-party intermediaries, whose services are needed today in most industries, are no longer required in such
systems because transactions can be initiated and carried out directly “from peer to peer”.
Ø The entire system becomes more flexible, as many previously manual work tasks are now carried out automatically
through smart contracts.
Ø Conflicts are to be resolved using “swarm” principles, i.e. based on the collective opinion of all parties involved which
is bases upon consensus algorithm.

23. Benefits of Blockchain
The Key benefits of Blockchain:
Ø Immutability
Ø Decentralized model
Ø Public verifiability
Ø Trustlessness
Ø Auditability: Through proper key-distribution at
ü System level
ü User level
ü Contract level

24. How does a blockchain work ?
Transactions Process
Verification Process

25. How does P2P work in blockchain ?
P2P enable a consumer to produce energy and shared with other peer. So here the Consumer become a Prosumer and
will be produce and share the energy.

26. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure
So lets validate the how the P2P EV Charging infrastructure landscape will be using blockchain.

27. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Landscape

28. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Landscape

29. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Architecture
Another area of application that might become more important
in the near future is the integration of blockchain technology in
the area of smart devices.

30. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Flow Diagram
Private Charging and
CS or Private EV
Charger
Selection by EV user

31. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Implementation

32. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Implementation
Ø Hyperledger Fabric is the foundation platform of the consortium blockchain, an open source project initiated
by the Linux Foundation in 2015.
Ø Which is mainly used to promote blockchain digital technology and transaction verification.
Ø Hyperledger Fabric is not a completely open system, and access to the network requires authorization.

33. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Implementation
Ø Assets - Asset definitions enable the exchange of almost anything with monetary value over the network, from whole
foods to antique cars to currency futures.
Ø Chaincode - Chaincode execution is partitioned from transaction ordering, limiting the required levels of trust and
verification across node types, and optimizing network scalability and performance.
Ø Ledger Features - The immutable, shared ledger encodes the entire transaction history for each channel, and includes
SQL-like query capability for efficient auditing and dispute resolution.
Ø Privacy through Channels - Channels enable multi-lateral transactions with the high degrees of privacy and
confidentiality required by competing businesses and regulated industries that exchange assets on a common network.
Ø Security & Membership Services - Permissioned membership provides a trusted blockchain network, where
participants know that all transactions can be detected and traced by authorized regulators and auditors.
Ø Consensus - a unique approach to consensus enables the flexibility and scalability needed for the enterprise

34. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Implementation
The solution implemented uses a
permissioned (private) blockchain.

35. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - dApp
Decentralized Application simply an app that runs as the mobile.
Ø User Registration to the P2P network.
Ø EV Registration on the P2P network.
Ø Booking Appointment for charge.
Ø Billing and Payment (Digital Wallet)
Ø Analysis and Reporting
Ø Price and Usage Prediction

36. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure - Charging Model
Postpaid:
Ø Ease of payment as the bill comes at the end of month.
Ø The user need not worry about carrying cards/wallet all the times. He can freely charge at any place without
the need of paying instantly.
Ø Care-freely charge anywhere anytime you want. You will receive the bill right at your doorsteps at the end of
the month.
Prepaid:
Ø Instant payment prevents some possibilities of overcharging the customer.
Ø The seller can be challenged then and there itself.
Ø Similar to a Delhi Metro Smart Card. You buy a card, recharge it with money and use wherever and whenever
you want.

37. P2P EV Charging Infrastructure – Technology Stack
User
Interface
React JS ELM Angular JS
Smart
Contract
Chain Code Java Python
Network
Hyperledger
Fabric
Hyperledger
Composer
Docker Kafka
Kubernetes
/Nomad
Cloud
Service
AWS IAAS AWS ECR
Smart
Device (IOT)
Smart
Meter
Identity IOT
Device
Smart
Energy
Reader
Reporting Splunk Python Tableau
Prediction
Machine
Learning
Artificial
Inteligence
We can take advantages of the following technology to build P2P EV charging Infrastructure.

38. Sustainability for the future
Ø EV Consume Clean and Renewable Energy with Zero emission, so the use of EV will be good for environment.
Ø Private Owner can now share their energy and can become a Prosumer.
Ø With P2P the Charging Station, the consumer can be beneficial as their will be no third-party involvement.

39. Conclusion
Ø So as the Global EV market is growing along with domestic Indian market the EV Charging Station requirement is
high.
Ø Along with this the P2P EV Charging is going to be most adopted solution as it is most transferable in term of billing
and charging and availability.
Ø Govt is also initiated and define consumer friendly policy and benefits.
Ø The New Platform can get benefits by leveraging new technology like Blockchain, IOT and Artificial Intelligence.

40. Reference
Ø https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3922/htm
Ø https://powertechresearch.com/p2p-vehicle-charging-is-blockchain-a-driver-of-ev-adoption/
Ø https://www.niti.gov.in/niti/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Report-EV-Infra.pdf
Ø https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/webform/notices/scan0016%20%281%29.pdf
Ø https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/how-blockchain-can-further-the-cause-of-electric-vehicles-
1565853481527.html
Ø https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blockcharge-blockchain-based-solution-charging-cars/
Ø https://medium.com/coinmonks/finding-the-right-blockchain-use-case-fit-2e725ab8c261
Ø https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/
Ø https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019