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![Comparison of Biodiesel and Hydrogen as
Fuels of the Future
Biodiesel Hydrogen
Technological Readiness Can be used in existing diesel Electrolyzing water (most likely
engines, which have already been in using fossil fuel energy) or
use for 100 years reforming fossil fuels. Most likely
non-renewable methods with large
net CO2 emissions
Fuel Distribution System Can be distributed with existing No system currently exists, would
filling stations with no changes. take decades to develop. Would
cost $176 billion to put one
hydrogen pump at each of the filling
stations in the US.
Fossil Energy Balance [higher is 3.2 units (soy) 0.66 units (steam reforming of
better] 4.3 units (rapeseed) natural gas)
Large scale fuel development cost For an estimated $1691 billion, To produce enough clean hydrogen
analysis enough algae farms could be built to for our transportation needs would
completely replace petroleum cost $2.5 trillion (wind power) or
transportation fuels with biodiesel $25 trillion (solar)
Safety Flash point over 300° F (considered Highly flammable, high pressure
“not flammable”) storage tanks pose a large risk due
to store mechanical energy, as well
as flammability/explosiveness
Time scale for wide scale use 5-15 years 30-70 years optimistic assumption
Cost of engines Comparable to existing vehicles Currently 50-100 times as expensive
as existing engines.
Tank capacity required for 1,000 20 gallons 268 gallons
mile range in conventional sedan](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oem-educationalresources-090628144343-phpapp01/85/Biodiesel-in-the-Classroom-19-320.jpg)
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Similar to Biodiesel in the Classroom
Biodiesel in the Classroom
- 1. Bringing Biodiesel tothe Automotive Classroom National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program
- 2. Biodiesel Driving Forces Reduce dependence on imported crude oil and petrodiesel from unstable parts of the world Reduce global warming by using a renewable fuel Reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines Can be used in any diesel engine without modifications, existing fueling stations can be used Easy to use--drop in substitute for petroleum diesel fuel Produces over 3 times more energy than it takes to grow and process the fuel Engine and vehicle companies approve the fuel for use Over 100 million miles of on-road trouble-free use both here and abroad
- 3. Biodiesel (B100) Attributes High Cetane (avg. over 50) Ultra Low Sulfur (avg. ~ 2 ppm) High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2% High Energy Balance (3.5 to 1) Renewable, Sustainable, Domestically Produced Increases overall fuel production capacity in USA Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
- 4. Why make biodiesel? Biodiesel Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil Glycerin (thick)
- 5. NBB OEM Education May2008 Source: National Biodiesel Board
- 6. Summary Biodiesel inthe classroom Existing Curriculum Biodiesel in the shop Hands-on labs On-vehicle diagnosis Training resources
- 7. Biodiesel & Automotive Programs Solar Energy International, Carbondale Colorado Madison Area Technical College, Madison, Wisconsin Sustainable Energy & Education Training Bettendorf, Iowa City College of San Francisco, California Wake Technical Community College, Raleigh, NC High school Programs Central Carolina Community College, Pittsboro, NC
- 8. SEI: Solar Energy International Seminar courses Hands-on program: Engine care when using biodiesel Biodiesel production technology State and Federal Legislation Training and Business models Headquartered in Colorado International course offering
- 9. MATC: Madison AreaTech National Science Foundation grant Instructors Ken Walz and Paul Morschauser Renewable Energy Certificate, a 12-credit program offered through the Consortium of Education in Renewable Energy Technology (CERET) Multi-disciplinary (Chemistry and Diesel Technology)
- 10. EPA Fleet Curriculum Collaborative effort: Community Fuels, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco Department of the Environment, and Biofuel Oasis Curriculum for fuel distributors, fleet operators, mechanics and drivers of trucking, municipal, construction and agricultural fleets. Eight pilot fleets will use biodiesel blends and their experience will be monitored.
- 11. SEET: Sustainable Energy Education& Training Developed by the Advanced Technology Environmental Education Center (ATEEC) and partners Build the capacity of energy and environmental technicians Professional development training for 50 upper level high school and community college technology instructors. http://www.ateec.org/profdev/seet/index.htm
- 12. Central Carolina Community College First Biofuel Class Offered at CCCC in 2002 Over $700,000 in funding for biofuel program since 2004 Extensive ASTM Biofuel Testing Lab New Sustainable Technologies Building in 2009 •$3.8 million; 18,000 sq. ft. classroom and laboratory building for Biofuels, Sustainable Agriculture, Green Building, & Culinary Arts. •LEED Certified Silver: green roof, on-site wastewater treatment, & photovoltaics. •Will house a state of the art fuel production lab that will include seed crushing, biodiesel production, and ethanol production. For more information go to www.cccc.edu/biofuels Alternative Energy Technologies: Biofuels begins Fall 2008!
- 13. Wake Tech Community College National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium Partner Heavy Duty Diesel Equipment Program Two day and one day biodiesel courses in Continuing Education
- 14. Merrimack High School Students and teachers from NH high school Partnership with University of New Hampshire 2008 National Biodiesel Conference Using biodiesel in a the school’s International bus for field trips
- 15. West Philadelphia High School After-school project for automotive students 2006 star at the Philadelphia Auto Show Top 10 Early Contenders for the Automotive X Prize Combined Azure Dynamics electric drive system with a Corolla chassis, 2 cylinder diesel built & raced alternative fuel vehicles, including electric, hybrid and bio- diesel, for the last nine years
- 16. Curriculum Crossover Engine Fundamentals Fuel Systems Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions Public speaking & customer service Alternate Fuels
- 17. Particulate Carbon Carbon Dioxide Matter Monoxide Hydrocarbons Sulfates PAH NOx 5% +2% 0% -2% -5% -10% 8.2%b 12% -15% 16%a 16% 17% -20% 19% 22% -25% Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, EPA, 2002 a An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles, DOE/USDA, 1998 b Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006 Bridging the Biodiesel Gap 5/29/2008
- 18. Lesson Possibility -Vehicle comparison (energy efficiency, economics, etc.) Jetta TDI Jetta TDI Jetta 2.0L Toyota Toyota Dodge on biodiesel on gasoline Prius on Fuel Cell ESX3 petroleum engine gasoline vehicle (diesel- diesel (hydrogen) hybrid) on biodiesel Vehicle cost $19,970 $19,970 $18,790 $21,520 $100,0003 $28,500 Fuel effi ciency (FE) 41/48.5 42/50 24/31 52/45 5.74 72 Vehicle range (miles) 609/711 609/711 348/450 619/536 155 ??? Power (hp) 90 90 115 70 110 ??? Torque (ft-lbs) 155 155 122 82 188 ??? 2 5 Cost/mile $0.047 $0.040 $0.062 $0.035 $0.19 $0.03 Energy density (ED) of fuel 127 141 123 123 9 127 (Thousands of BTUs/gal) Fossil Fuel Energy Balance 3.2 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.667 3.2 6 FEB) Total fossil energy input/mile 8 0.89 3.7 6.0 3.4 2.4 0.55 (Thousand BTU/mile) 1 Assuming modern catalyst used with the TDI running biodiesel or ULSD. 2 Assuming $1.70/gallon for gasoline, $1.80 for petroleum diesel, and $2.16/gallon for biodiesel, based on 50/50 average of city/highway 3 Honda’s estimate for the cost of their fuel cell vehicles in mass production in 2012 4 Miles per gallon of hydrogen com pressed to 5,000 psi (35 atmospheres), based on maximum range of Honda’s FCV of 170 miles on a 30 gallon tank 5 30 gallons at 5,000 psi equals 3.2 kg of hydrogen (hydrogen density at 14.7 psi is 0.0003142 kg/gal, at 5000 psi it’s 0.1069 kg/gal). Typical c ost for very large consumers of compressed hydrogen expected to be $10/kg. So, $32 for 170 miles. 6 See http://www.mda.state.mn.us/ethanol/balance.html 7 Assumes hydrogen produced from steam reformation of natural gas, fossil energy balance (net energy ratio) taken from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/27637.pdf Committee Name Here
- 19. Comparison of Biodieseland Hydrogen as Fuels of the Future Biodiesel Hydrogen Technological Readiness Can be used in existing diesel Electrolyzing water (most likely engines, which have already been in using fossil fuel energy) or use for 100 years reforming fossil fuels. Most likely non-renewable methods with large net CO2 emissions Fuel Distribution System Can be distributed with existing No system currently exists, would filling stations with no changes. take decades to develop. Would cost $176 billion to put one hydrogen pump at each of the filling stations in the US. Fossil Energy Balance [higher is 3.2 units (soy) 0.66 units (steam reforming of better] 4.3 units (rapeseed) natural gas) Large scale fuel development cost For an estimated $1691 billion, To produce enough clean hydrogen analysis enough algae farms could be built to for our transportation needs would completely replace petroleum cost $2.5 trillion (wind power) or transportation fuels with biodiesel $25 trillion (solar) Safety Flash point over 300° F (considered Highly flammable, high pressure “not flammable”) storage tanks pose a large risk due to store mechanical energy, as well as flammability/explosiveness Time scale for wide scale use 5-15 years 30-70 years optimistic assumption Cost of engines Comparable to existing vehicles Currently 50-100 times as expensive as existing engines. Tank capacity required for 1,000 20 gallons 268 gallons mile range in conventional sedan
- 20. Biodiesel in the Shop Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel Production Understanding Fuel Quality Educational Tours
- 21. Hands-on Labs Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel Production Understanding Fuel Quality Educational Tours
- 22. Mobile Biodiesel Education Departmentof Energy Grant for $52,000 for 6 six workshops across North Carolina
- 23. Mobile Biodiesel Workshops State Energy Office Oilseed crushing & refining Small Scale Biodiesel Production Fuel Filtration and Polishing 10kw onan diesel genset
- 24.
- 25. Useful Tools Injector Pressure Tester Hand Vacuum Pump Fuel Filter Pressure Gauge Biodiesel Mini Lab Fuel Quality test kits Educational Tours
- 26. Handling & Usage Department of Energy (DOE) B100 & Blends Material Compatibility Engine Performance Diesel and Biodiesel Emissions
- 27. Understanding DieselFuel Similar to Changes in Gasoline Technical review panel Ultra-Low sulfur Diesel Biodiesel Blends
- 28. Fleet Management Experiences
- 29. Cold weather cancloud and even gel any diesel fuel, including biodiesel. Users of a B20 with #2 diesel will usually experience an increase of the cold flow properties (cold filter plugging point, cloud point, pour point) approximately 2 to 10° Fahrenheit. Similar precautions employed for petroleum diesel are needed for fueling with 20 percent blends. • blending with #1 diesel (kerosene) • using fuel heaters and parking indoors • and using a cold-flow improvement additive
- 30. Biodiesel Education Resources http://biofuels.coop/ www.biodiesel.org http://www.bq-9000.org www.nearbio.com - Where Can I buy it? www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel http://www.uidaho.edu/bioenergy/index.html 1- 866-BIODIESEL Hotline is staffed 24/7 www.nrel.gov • NREL Handling & Use Guidelines http://www.biodieselmagazine.com www.bbibiofuels.com • Biodiesel Magazine • Biofuel Magazine
- 31. NBB Resources •www.biodiesel.org • Curriculum • Technical Library • Biodiesel Bulletin • Educational Videos Available • Informational Resources • Technical Resources • On-line Database & Spec Sheets •www.BQ-9000.org • Biodiesel Quality Certification Program for Accredited Producers and Certified Marketers