O u-t-l-i-e-r-s by Malcolm Gladwell

Presented by:-
Jyoti Jha
312

Outliers deals with exceptional people,
especially those who are smart, rich, and
successful, and those who operate at the
extreme outer edge of what is statistically
plausible.

Source: Outliers: The Story of Success by: Malcolm Gladwell

 No suicide
 No alcoholism
 No addiction
 No welfare
 No crime
 No ulcers
 Big fat smokers
“These people were dying from old age, that’s it.”


 Must have been genetics
 Must have been diet
 Must have been exercise
 Must have been the area the lived
 Must have been….


What caused it?
 22 Civic organizations
 Three generations under one roof
 Friends talking on the street
 Transplanted the Paesani culture from Southern Italy

Insulated them from the pressures of the modern
world


“For unto everyone that hath shall be
given, and he shall have abundance.
But from him that hath not shall be
taken away even that which he
hath.”


 “People don’t rise from nothing.”
 “We do owe something to parentage and
patronage.”
 “The people who stand before kings may look
like they did it all by themselves. But in fact
they are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden
advantage and extraordinary opportunities and
cultural legacies that allow them to learn and
work hard and make sense of the world in ways
others cannot.”


An analysis of a highly successful Canadian
hockey team found:
 40% of the players were born between January
and March
 30% were born between April and June
 20% were born between July and September
 10% were born between October and December


In Canada the eligibility cut off for
age-class (club) hockey is January 1
 Those players born early in the year are bigger
and more mature than those born later in the
year
 As a consequence, the older players perform
better and are picked for advanced placement
where they receive better coaching and more
playing time


Passion Talent Hard Hidden
work opportunit
y


 The best students get the best teachers and
the most attention


Succeeds
in his
Practices career
more
than
Starts peers
early


 Not all hockey players born in January
become “all-stars”
 Do they have innate talent?
 “Achievement is talent plus preparation.”
 Preparation plays the biggest role
 Practice isn't the thing you do once you're
good. It's the thing you do that makes you
good.


 What makes a musician?
Practice
 Music Teachers = 4,000 hours
 Good Musicians = 8,000 hours
 Great Musicians = 10,000 hours / 10 Years
There Are No Naturals and No Grinds!


 “They work much, much harder.”
 In study after study and industry after industry
 The Magic Number is?
10,000 hours


• If you were too old for the personal computer revolution in
1975 you were probably born before 1952
• If you were born after 1959 you were probably too young
• Leaders of the personal computer revolution:
– Bill Gates – 1955 (Microsoft)
– Paul Allen – 1953 (Microsoft #2)
– Steve Ballmer – 1956 (Microsoft #24)
– Steve Jobs – 1955 (Apple)
– Eric Schmidt – 1955 (PARC, Sun (Java), Novell, Google)

Gladwell relates several examples of people who were
successful because they had the right skills at the right time.


“Knowledge of a boy’s IQ is of little help if you are
faced with a formful of clever boys.”
- Liam Hudson


 Average IQ = 100
 Einstein IQ = 150
 Henry Crowell IQ = 140
 Chris Langan IQ = 195

 “Termites” Genetic Studies of Genius by Lewis Terman

Nothing can hold folks this smart back, right?
It is more about opportunity than it is about talent!


“A basketball player only has to be tall enough”

“A mature scientist with an adult IQ of 130 is as likely
to win a Nobel Prize as one whose IQ is 180.”
- Liam Hudson
“The relationship between success and IQ works only
up to a point.”

You only have to be smart enough!


Extraordinary intelligence is of little use if we want
to understand a persons chance of being successful in
the world.


 Had IQ 30% > Einstein’s.
 His mother was estranged from her family.
He won and then lost a scholarship at Reed
College.
 He transferred to Montana State University
only to leave when a professor showed no
interest in helping him.
 And he ended up working factory jobs and as
bouncer for a bar on Long Island.


 ChrisLangan - Harvard backwards
 Robert Oppenheimer – Tried to kill his tutor.

Get the world to see things your way!

Oppenheimer's affluent
background helped give him
the skills necessary to
become successful.

Father of atomic bomb

WHOM
TO SAY


Two types of Parenting
 Heavily involved and scheduled
 Creates the right to pursue their individualism
 Not involved and unscheduled
 Creates a sense of distance
It is not genetic, its not racial, its cultural
Terman found that “almost none of the genius children
from the lowest social and economic class ended up
making a name for themselves.”


“Captain, the weather radar has helped us a lot.”


 It takes a series of events (7)
 Hierarchy
 Cultural communications
 Cultural ambiguity

You must communicate up and down the hierarchy
and and across the cultural highway


Cultures that encourage passive submission to
hierarchy, or who phrase their questions in
subtle, vague euphemisms, may find
themselves at a disadvantage in some
situations, such as the airplane cockpit.


Saturday Summers
Weekdays

• 9:00 AM to 1:00 •8:00 AM to 2:00
•7:25 AM -5:00 PM PM
some till 7:00 PM PM

Hard work – Long Hours – New Friends
Long Commute
50% to 60% more learning time
Homework till Midnight
Discipline.


 Mid-90’s – Grades 5-8
 @ Lou Gehrig Middle School, South Bronx
 90 Minutes of English/day
 90 Minutes of Math/day
(2 hr/day in 5th grade)
 95% at or above grade level in math
 90% get private HS Scholarships
 86% to college (1st generation for many)


1. Success is predictable
2. It is not the brightest who succeed
3. Outliers take maximum advantage of the
opportunities that are made available to
them


O u-t-l-i-e-r-s by Malcolm Gladwell

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