This document provides summaries of 83 sources that utilize DNA barcoding and molecular techniques for species identification and authentication of medicinal plants. The sources cover a range of applications including using DNA barcoding to identify red macroalgae, comparing whole chloroplast genomes to identify angiosperms, authenticating members of the Polygonaceae and Phyllanthus genera, detecting bryophytes in animal feces, using genomic approaches to authenticate medicinal plants, advocating for DNA taxonomy, identifying Dangshen Radix, evaluating DNA barcoding as a tool for improved species identification and detection of diversity, examining phylogenetic relationships in pine and Asarum taxa, and more.
This document lists 49 references to scientific papers related to DNA barcoding and herbal medicine. The references are listed by number and include the authors, year published, title of the paper, and journal or publication details. They cover topics like using DNA barcoding to identify plant species for quality control in herbal medicine, investigating genetic variation and chemical properties of medicinal plant populations, and evaluating DNA markers for authenticating medicinal plant species.
These two documents discuss using genetic analysis to identify plant species and cultivars. The first analyzes nuclear and plastid DNA sequences to detect genetic homogeneity in Panax notoginseng cultivars. The second identifies Dryopteris crassirhizoma and adulterant species based on comparisons of chloroplast rbcL gene DNA sequences and their translated amino acids.
This document provides summaries of 83 sources that utilize DNA barcoding and molecular techniques for species identification and authentication of medicinal plants. The sources cover a range of applications including using DNA barcoding to identify red macroalgae, comparing whole chloroplast genomes to identify angiosperms, authenticating members of the Polygonaceae and Phyllanthus genera, detecting bryophytes in animal feces, using genomic approaches to authenticate medicinal plants, advocating for DNA taxonomy, identifying Dangshen Radix, evaluating DNA barcoding as a tool for improved species identification and detection of diversity, examining phylogenetic relationships in pine and Asarum taxa, and more.
This document lists 49 references to scientific papers related to DNA barcoding and herbal medicine. The references are listed by number and include the authors, year published, title of the paper, and journal or publication details. They cover topics like using DNA barcoding to identify plant species for quality control in herbal medicine, investigating genetic variation and chemical properties of medicinal plant populations, and evaluating DNA markers for authenticating medicinal plant species.
These two documents discuss using genetic analysis to identify plant species and cultivars. The first analyzes nuclear and plastid DNA sequences to detect genetic homogeneity in Panax notoginseng cultivars. The second identifies Dryopteris crassirhizoma and adulterant species based on comparisons of chloroplast rbcL gene DNA sequences and their translated amino acids.
This document contains references to several studies related to using DNA analysis for plant and animal identification. It includes references to studies that used DNA barcoding to identify medicinal herbs, distinguish between tortoise species, analyze the evolutionary relationships between turtle species, and determine the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicines. The references also describe the use of DNA analysis to study the adaptive evolution of plant genes and identify protected tree species regulated by CITES.
The document discusses properties of trapezoids and isosceles trapezoids. It defines a trapezoid as a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and defines the median of a trapezoid. It states that the median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and its length is equal to half the sum of the lengths of the bases. It also states that if the legs of a trapezoid are congruent, the trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid and that the base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
La escuela recibe a los chicos de primer grado todas las mañanas para que aprendan y compartan con sus compañeros, ofreciéndoles alegría y la oportunidad de aprender.
Los Capricornio se sentirán llenos de energía en enero pero necesitarán tiempo para completar proyectos. Querrán mejorar su físico a través del ejercicio y sus habilidades espirituales mediante el yoga o la meditación. También pueden sentirse obligados a luchar contra las injusticias del mundo. Su perfeccionismo puede agotarlos físicamente pero saldrán de este estado si escuchan los consejos de otros.
Las sociedades de garantía recíproca (SGR) han visto disminuir su actividad de avales en 2012 debido a las dificultades de financiación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Cada vez más empresas solicitan avales para circulante en lugar de para inversiones. Las SGR piden mejorar las condiciones de las líneas de crédito con aval del ICO y "puentear" a los bancos que no dan crédito a las pymes ni con su aval.
Para perder grasa abdominal, se requiere una combinación de cuatro acciones: 1) seguir una dieta balanceada baja en grasas y azúcares, 2) realizar ejercicio cardiovascular como correr al menos 3 veces por semana, 3) incluir ejercicios específicos para el abdomen 2-3 veces por semana, y 4) mantener una buena hidratación bebiendo 8-10 vasos de agua al día. Al combinar estos cuatro pilares se puede lograr no solo eliminar la grasa abdominal sino también desarrollar un abdomen marcado.
FORMACIÓN AVANZADA DE PSICODRAMATISTAS
NIVEL 3
PERFECCIONAMIENTO DEL DIRECTOR PSICODRAMÁTICO
Curso avalado por Centro de Psicología Clínica, Terapia de Grupo
y Psicodrama, y por la Asociación Española de Psicodrama (AEP)
http://cursos.institutoiase.com/CursoDet.aspx?idCurso=348
FORMACIÓN INICIAL DE PSICODRAMATISTAS
NIVEL 1 – EL ROL DEL YO AUXILIAR
Curso avalado por Centro de Psicología Clínica, Terapia de Grupo
y Psicodrama, y por la Asociación Española de Psicodrama (AEP)
http://cursos.institutoiase.com/CursoDet.aspx?idCurso=346
This document provides important guidelines for caring for bonsai plants, including avoiding choosing plants with large leaves, flowers, or fruits; using styles unsuitable for the species; using blunt cutting tools; unnatural decorations; being impatient for flowers or fruits before shaping; mixing chemicals and fertilizers; keeping bonsai on the ground; tying wire too tightly; retaining wires too long; hard pruning of conifers; heavy fertilization; and unnatural appearances.
Choose plants suitable for the local climate and position them correctly in containers with adequate drainage. Care for bonsai by pruning regularly, providing balanced nutrition with fertilizer, plenty of sunshine, and thorough watering until it drains. Inspect frequently for pests and diseases, and develop a natural-looking design that is well-balanced through constant care and affection.
Planting times for certain crops are February through March and July through August. Seeds can be sown in early spring from February to March or during the summer months from July to August.
The document discusses a demonstration on Juniper bonsai trees that will take place in Columbia. Juniper bonsai are a popular type of bonsai tree that can be styled and shaped through careful pruning and training. The demonstration will cover basic bonsai techniques for caring for and maintaining Juniper bonsai trees.
This document lists the essential equipments and tools needed for bonsai, which includes a plant, pots of various shapes with drainage holes, a potting mixture of soil, sand and leaf mould, potting sticks, sieves, copper wire of varying thickness, wire cutters, pruning knives and secateurs, and watering equipment like a can and tub.
This document lists important plant species for growing bonsai in hilly areas, including Araucaria, Aucuba, Azalea, Camellia, Chinese hat, Coral tree, Cryptomeria, Cypress, Flame of the forest, Ginkgo, Juniper, Koelreuteria, Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree, Peach, Pines, Podocarpus, Sal, Silver fir, Spruce, Taxus, Thuja, Willows, and Zanthoxylum.
This document lists important plant species that are suitable for bonsai, including trees, shrubs, and bamboo. Some recommended species are amaltas, araucaria, babul, bamboo, banyan, ber, bottle brush, bougainvillea, casuarina, cherry, Chinese orange, coranda, cryptomeria, deodar, duranta, excoecaria, gulmohar, hibiscus, ixora, jacaranda, Java fig-tree, murraya, malpighia, oleander, peach, pines, pilkhan, pipal, plum, prosopis, silver oak, tamarind.
Propagation of plants can be done through seeds, cuttings, layering, grafting, or buying seedlings from a nursery. Some plants can also be propagated through collection from seeds or cuttings found in forests or fields.
Selection of plants for bonsai requires choosing species that can thrive in confined spaces with minimal resources. Good options are plants with small flowers and fruits that allow foliage to reduce to a quarter of its normal size, or those bearing flowers on leafless branches. The selected plant must be able to withstand stress from a small pot and low nutrients.
Pruning and trimming helps develop trees into attractive shapes by restricting growth and maintaining a proper balance between roots and shoots. It involves regularly cutting no more than 1/3 of roots or shoots to reduce growth in a controlled manner. Proper pruning techniques help develop good structure and form for trees.
Ideal nutrition for bonsai includes sludge or well rotten cow dung slurry mixed with groundnut, cotton, or neem cake allowed to ferment for a month before diluting. This mixture is given twice a month along with bone meal and single super phosphate, which are also very beneficial.
This document contains references to several studies related to using DNA analysis for plant and animal identification. It includes references to studies that used DNA barcoding to identify medicinal herbs, distinguish between tortoise species, analyze the evolutionary relationships between turtle species, and determine the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicines. The references also describe the use of DNA analysis to study the adaptive evolution of plant genes and identify protected tree species regulated by CITES.
The document discusses properties of trapezoids and isosceles trapezoids. It defines a trapezoid as a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides and defines the median of a trapezoid. It states that the median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and its length is equal to half the sum of the lengths of the bases. It also states that if the legs of a trapezoid are congruent, the trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid and that the base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
La escuela recibe a los chicos de primer grado todas las mañanas para que aprendan y compartan con sus compañeros, ofreciéndoles alegría y la oportunidad de aprender.
Los Capricornio se sentirán llenos de energía en enero pero necesitarán tiempo para completar proyectos. Querrán mejorar su físico a través del ejercicio y sus habilidades espirituales mediante el yoga o la meditación. También pueden sentirse obligados a luchar contra las injusticias del mundo. Su perfeccionismo puede agotarlos físicamente pero saldrán de este estado si escuchan los consejos de otros.
Las sociedades de garantía recíproca (SGR) han visto disminuir su actividad de avales en 2012 debido a las dificultades de financiación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Cada vez más empresas solicitan avales para circulante en lugar de para inversiones. Las SGR piden mejorar las condiciones de las líneas de crédito con aval del ICO y "puentear" a los bancos que no dan crédito a las pymes ni con su aval.
Para perder grasa abdominal, se requiere una combinación de cuatro acciones: 1) seguir una dieta balanceada baja en grasas y azúcares, 2) realizar ejercicio cardiovascular como correr al menos 3 veces por semana, 3) incluir ejercicios específicos para el abdomen 2-3 veces por semana, y 4) mantener una buena hidratación bebiendo 8-10 vasos de agua al día. Al combinar estos cuatro pilares se puede lograr no solo eliminar la grasa abdominal sino también desarrollar un abdomen marcado.
FORMACIÓN AVANZADA DE PSICODRAMATISTAS
NIVEL 3
PERFECCIONAMIENTO DEL DIRECTOR PSICODRAMÁTICO
Curso avalado por Centro de Psicología Clínica, Terapia de Grupo
y Psicodrama, y por la Asociación Española de Psicodrama (AEP)
http://cursos.institutoiase.com/CursoDet.aspx?idCurso=348
FORMACIÓN INICIAL DE PSICODRAMATISTAS
NIVEL 1 – EL ROL DEL YO AUXILIAR
Curso avalado por Centro de Psicología Clínica, Terapia de Grupo
y Psicodrama, y por la Asociación Española de Psicodrama (AEP)
http://cursos.institutoiase.com/CursoDet.aspx?idCurso=346
This document provides important guidelines for caring for bonsai plants, including avoiding choosing plants with large leaves, flowers, or fruits; using styles unsuitable for the species; using blunt cutting tools; unnatural decorations; being impatient for flowers or fruits before shaping; mixing chemicals and fertilizers; keeping bonsai on the ground; tying wire too tightly; retaining wires too long; hard pruning of conifers; heavy fertilization; and unnatural appearances.
Choose plants suitable for the local climate and position them correctly in containers with adequate drainage. Care for bonsai by pruning regularly, providing balanced nutrition with fertilizer, plenty of sunshine, and thorough watering until it drains. Inspect frequently for pests and diseases, and develop a natural-looking design that is well-balanced through constant care and affection.
Planting times for certain crops are February through March and July through August. Seeds can be sown in early spring from February to March or during the summer months from July to August.
The document discusses a demonstration on Juniper bonsai trees that will take place in Columbia. Juniper bonsai are a popular type of bonsai tree that can be styled and shaped through careful pruning and training. The demonstration will cover basic bonsai techniques for caring for and maintaining Juniper bonsai trees.
This document lists the essential equipments and tools needed for bonsai, which includes a plant, pots of various shapes with drainage holes, a potting mixture of soil, sand and leaf mould, potting sticks, sieves, copper wire of varying thickness, wire cutters, pruning knives and secateurs, and watering equipment like a can and tub.
This document lists important plant species for growing bonsai in hilly areas, including Araucaria, Aucuba, Azalea, Camellia, Chinese hat, Coral tree, Cryptomeria, Cypress, Flame of the forest, Ginkgo, Juniper, Koelreuteria, Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree, Peach, Pines, Podocarpus, Sal, Silver fir, Spruce, Taxus, Thuja, Willows, and Zanthoxylum.
This document lists important plant species that are suitable for bonsai, including trees, shrubs, and bamboo. Some recommended species are amaltas, araucaria, babul, bamboo, banyan, ber, bottle brush, bougainvillea, casuarina, cherry, Chinese orange, coranda, cryptomeria, deodar, duranta, excoecaria, gulmohar, hibiscus, ixora, jacaranda, Java fig-tree, murraya, malpighia, oleander, peach, pines, pilkhan, pipal, plum, prosopis, silver oak, tamarind.
Propagation of plants can be done through seeds, cuttings, layering, grafting, or buying seedlings from a nursery. Some plants can also be propagated through collection from seeds or cuttings found in forests or fields.
Selection of plants for bonsai requires choosing species that can thrive in confined spaces with minimal resources. Good options are plants with small flowers and fruits that allow foliage to reduce to a quarter of its normal size, or those bearing flowers on leafless branches. The selected plant must be able to withstand stress from a small pot and low nutrients.
Pruning and trimming helps develop trees into attractive shapes by restricting growth and maintaining a proper balance between roots and shoots. It involves regularly cutting no more than 1/3 of roots or shoots to reduce growth in a controlled manner. Proper pruning techniques help develop good structure and form for trees.
Ideal nutrition for bonsai includes sludge or well rotten cow dung slurry mixed with groundnut, cotton, or neem cake allowed to ferment for a month before diluting. This mixture is given twice a month along with bone meal and single super phosphate, which are also very beneficial.
Growing media for bonsai should be coarse and well-drained to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients. An ideal medium consists of equal parts soil, leaf mold, and crushed brick or sand. The top layer needs sufficient humus, while conifer plants do better in drier soil and fruit trees prefer more humus-rich soil.
This document discusses a landscaping style using cascading plants with variegated star jasmine. Cascade style landscaping features plants hanging over walls or spilling out of containers to create a sense of movement. Variegated star jasmine is recommended as it has green and white variegated leaves and fragrant white flowers that bloom throughout the summer. This combination provides visual interest and fragrance.
1. iii
BẢNG CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á)
AL-NK Phân đoạn alcaloid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng phương pháp ngấm kiệt
AL-SA Phân đoạn alcaloid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng sóng siêu âm
AL-SFE Phân đoạn alcaloid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng phương pháp SFE
AR-96 Phân đoạn alcaloid chiết từ rễ TNHC với dung môi cồn 96%
As Hệ số bất đối
CĐC Chất đối chiếu
CE Caplillary Electrophoresis (Điện di mao quản)
Corr Area Corrected Area (Diện tích pic được chuẩn hóa)
CZE Caplillary Zone Electrophoresis (Điện di mao quản vùng)
d doublet (đỉnh đôi)
DĐVN IV Dược điển Việt Nam xuất bản lần thứ IV
DEPT Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Nhiệt vi sai)
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxyd
DVT Dấu vân tay
ESI Electrospray Ionization (Ion hóa bằng cách phun ion)
FL-NK Phân đoạn flavonoid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng phương pháp ngấm kiệt
FL-SA Phân đoạn flavonoid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng sóng siêu âm
FL-SFE Phân đoạn flavonoid chiết từ lá TNHC bằng phương pháp SFE
FR-96 Phân đoạn flavonoid chiết từ rễ TNHC với dung môi cồn 96%
GC Gas Chromatography (Sắc ký khí)
GC-MS Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (Sắc ký khí ghép khối phổ)
GLP Good Laboratory Practices (Thực hành tốt phòng kiểm nghiệm thuốc)
HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao)
HMBC Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation
HSQC Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation
IR Infrared (Hồng ngoại)