The document discusses various networking concepts including computer networking, networking benefits, network topologies, network devices, protocols, and security measures. It defines computer networking as the connection between two or more computers and discusses how networking enables information sharing, hardware and software sharing, and centralized administration. It also outlines different network topologies like peer-to-peer, client-server, local area networks, and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses network devices, cables, protocols, and security measures like firewalls and proxy servers.

1. Networking concepts By Robin Kapoor, 47 Sourabh Garg, 60

2. Meaning Connection between two or more things is known as networking Connection between two or more computers is computer networking Computer networks also involves other electronic and digital devices

3. Networking Benefits Networking Enables: Information Sharing Hardware and Software Sharing Centralized Administration and Support

4. Roles of Computers in a Network Mail Server Database Server Database Fax Server File and Print Server Directory Services Server Client Computer Mail Server Database Server Database Fax Server File and Print Server

5. Types of Networks Peer-to-Peer Client-Server

6. Scope of Networks Local Area Network Wide Area Network

7. Local Area Networks Bus topology Ring topology

8. Metropolitan Area Networks A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.

9. Wide Area Networks Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.

10. Wide Area Networks (2) A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

11. Wireless networks

12. Wireless Networks Categories of wireless networks: Wireless LANs Wireless WANs

13. Wireless Networks (2) (a) Bluetooth (b) Wireless LAN

14. Topologies

15. Bus Topology Terminator Segment Terminator

16. Star Topology Hub

17. Ring Topology

18. Mesh Topology

19. Hybrid Topologies Star-Bus Bus Star-Ring

20. Devices for networking

21. Ethernet Collision Detection Carrier Sense Multiple Access Detects signal Transmits signal Collision detected Characteristics Description Access Method CSMA/CD Transfer Speed Standard Ethernet – 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet – 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

22. Network Cables Types of Cables Coaxial ThinNet ThickNet 10Base2, 10Base5 Fiber-Optics Twisted-Pair Unshielded (UTP) Shielded (STP) 10BaseT

23. Wireless Communication Devices Wireless Communication Devices Narrowband Radio Transmission Infrared Transmission

24. Repeaters and Hubs Repeater Hub Repeater Transmits data to all connected computers Hub Transmits data to all connected computers in a star topology

25. Bridges Bridge

26. Switches Switch

27. Routers Router Router Router Router

28. Gateways Gateway Ethernet Token Ring

29. Infrared Data Association (IrDA) Wireless Communication by Using IrDA Windows Client Mouse Laptop

30. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

31. Some other facts about networking

32. IP Address Classes w x y z Class A Network ID Host ID Class B Network ID Host ID Class C Network ID Host ID

33. IP Addresses 192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0 192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101 192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100 192.168.2.0 Host ID Network ID 192.168.1.100 IP Address

34. The Internet Client Connection Using TCP/IP Protocol Server Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data Internet

35. Internet Services Electronic Mail (e-mail) World Wide Web (WWW) Chat Internet News File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Telnet Internet

36. Intranets Intranet Extranet Internet

37. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html) Protocol used (http://) DNS address (example.microsoft.com) Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html) http:// example.microsoft.com / tutorial / default.html

38. Internet Protocols HTTP HTTPS FTP SMTP HTML DHTML Server Data Client Connection Using an Internet Protocol Internet

39. Proxy Servers Proxy Server Authorized Web Site Restricted Web Site Internet LAN LAN LAN

40. Firewalls LAN LAN LAN Internet Firewall Authorized User Unauthorized User

41. Thank You