The National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) is aimed at providing broadband connectivity to 2, 50,000 Gram Panchayats in an effort to provide last mile connectivity as critical infrastructure. The NOFN’s aim is to provide all necessary government services to citizens in an effort to allow then access to information which would lead to their empowerment and development. To check the issues and challenges in the implementation of the NOFN, a pilot project was implemented in 59 Gram Panchayats in 3 Blocks
In an effort to assess the rollout of the NOFN in the Pilot blocks, DEF conducted a study to analyse connectivity in the pilot locations.
Stimulating Broadband through
Universal Service
Convergence of Era Broadband training program
2-4 April , 2012
Hyderabad, India
SOLONGO MALTAR
(solongo@ictpa.gov.mn)
Information, Communications Technology and Post Authority
Mongolia
The document summarizes New Hampshire's efforts to expand broadband access across the state using funds from the federal Recovery Act. It describes the broadband mapping and planning programs conducted by the University of New Hampshire under grants from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration and Rural Utilities Service. It also provides details on collected data, conducted analyses, and developed websites and tools to identify unserved and underserved areas of the state in order to target broadband expansion efforts.
The document summarizes the experience of the Lao PDR in setting up its telecommunications regulatory authority, the National Authority of Post and Telecommunications (NAPT). It provides details on [1] the governance of the telecom sector prior to NAPT, [2] the functions and duties of NAPT, [3] NAPT's ICT policy approach including universal access, licensing and tariffs, and [4] the current structure and market in Lao PDR. It concludes with plans to review the sector and regulatory framework in 2010.
Telecom Reporters Network of Bangladesh (TRNB) asked me to explain them the problems of 3G in Bangladesh. This is what I presented. But we discussed a lot beyond the slides. It’s always great to talk to the journalists.
2 QITCOM 2012 - Stagg Newman (Next Gen Broadband)QITCOM
The National Broadband Plan aimed to encourage private investment and innovation to expand broadband access across the US (except for subsidies for rural areas). It identified several gaps in 2010 including 14 million Americans lacking broadband infrastructure access, 93 million lacking broadband adoption at home, and gaps in using broadband for national purposes like health and energy. Several policy gaps were also hampering innovation, investment, and competition in areas like need for more spectrum, lack of data to inform competition, and inconsistent wholesale regulations. Trends showed a looming spectrum gap that wireless broadband could help address if spectrum policy was transformed.
Networked Society for Africa document v1 21 (2)Ade Ed Camngca
The document discusses the Networked Society for Africa initiative, which aims to integrate Africa into the global digital economy by promoting broadband deployment and adoption across the continent on a country-by-country basis. It outlines a framework for achieving this that includes harmonizing spectrum policies, accelerating infrastructure rollout, promoting infrastructure sharing, systematizing and incentivizing innovation, and implementing light-touch regulation. The initiative seeks to foster social and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa by working to deliver broadband access to all citizens by 2020.
3 QITCOM 2012 - Patrick Kidney (Next Gen Broadband)QITCOM
This presentation provides a guide to broadband investment planning. It outlines five investment models and recommends which may be best suited for different situations. The models range from a bottom-up community approach to public-private partnerships. The guide stresses maximizing long-term socioeconomic benefits to end users while also ensuring project sustainability.
This document is a wireless broadband masterplan for Vietnam published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2012. It provides an analysis of Vietnam's wireless broadband capabilities and makes recommendations to develop effective wireless broadband technology and regulatory frameworks. Key points include promoting competition to improve affordable access, allocating sufficient spectrum including the digital dividend band at 700MHz, and setting a target of 840MHz total spectrum by 2020 to support Vietnam's wireless development goals.
Stimulating Broadband through
Universal Service
Convergence of Era Broadband training program
2-4 April , 2012
Hyderabad, India
SOLONGO MALTAR
(solongo@ictpa.gov.mn)
Information, Communications Technology and Post Authority
Mongolia
The document summarizes New Hampshire's efforts to expand broadband access across the state using funds from the federal Recovery Act. It describes the broadband mapping and planning programs conducted by the University of New Hampshire under grants from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration and Rural Utilities Service. It also provides details on collected data, conducted analyses, and developed websites and tools to identify unserved and underserved areas of the state in order to target broadband expansion efforts.
The document summarizes the experience of the Lao PDR in setting up its telecommunications regulatory authority, the National Authority of Post and Telecommunications (NAPT). It provides details on [1] the governance of the telecom sector prior to NAPT, [2] the functions and duties of NAPT, [3] NAPT's ICT policy approach including universal access, licensing and tariffs, and [4] the current structure and market in Lao PDR. It concludes with plans to review the sector and regulatory framework in 2010.
Telecom Reporters Network of Bangladesh (TRNB) asked me to explain them the problems of 3G in Bangladesh. This is what I presented. But we discussed a lot beyond the slides. It’s always great to talk to the journalists.
2 QITCOM 2012 - Stagg Newman (Next Gen Broadband)QITCOM
The National Broadband Plan aimed to encourage private investment and innovation to expand broadband access across the US (except for subsidies for rural areas). It identified several gaps in 2010 including 14 million Americans lacking broadband infrastructure access, 93 million lacking broadband adoption at home, and gaps in using broadband for national purposes like health and energy. Several policy gaps were also hampering innovation, investment, and competition in areas like need for more spectrum, lack of data to inform competition, and inconsistent wholesale regulations. Trends showed a looming spectrum gap that wireless broadband could help address if spectrum policy was transformed.
Networked Society for Africa document v1 21 (2)Ade Ed Camngca
The document discusses the Networked Society for Africa initiative, which aims to integrate Africa into the global digital economy by promoting broadband deployment and adoption across the continent on a country-by-country basis. It outlines a framework for achieving this that includes harmonizing spectrum policies, accelerating infrastructure rollout, promoting infrastructure sharing, systematizing and incentivizing innovation, and implementing light-touch regulation. The initiative seeks to foster social and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa by working to deliver broadband access to all citizens by 2020.
3 QITCOM 2012 - Patrick Kidney (Next Gen Broadband)QITCOM
This presentation provides a guide to broadband investment planning. It outlines five investment models and recommends which may be best suited for different situations. The models range from a bottom-up community approach to public-private partnerships. The guide stresses maximizing long-term socioeconomic benefits to end users while also ensuring project sustainability.
This document is a wireless broadband masterplan for Vietnam published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2012. It provides an analysis of Vietnam's wireless broadband capabilities and makes recommendations to develop effective wireless broadband technology and regulatory frameworks. Key points include promoting competition to improve affordable access, allocating sufficient spectrum including the digital dividend band at 700MHz, and setting a target of 840MHz total spectrum by 2020 to support Vietnam's wireless development goals.
This document provides a final report on capacity building training for health journalists on polio in Pakistan. It includes an overview of the project delivery, mapping of influential media professionals, analysis of recurring negative media narratives on polio, development of training modules, sessions held in five provinces, and outcomes of pre-and post-training evaluations. The report finds that the training was successful in addressing misconceptions in media reporting and improved the quality of polio coverage. It provides recommendations to further strengthen media engagement and support responsible journalism on polio issues.
The document summarizes OTT services in Laos. It provides background on Laos' country profile and telecommunications infrastructure. Mobile internet access has grown significantly, with over 4 million mobile subscriptions and high 3G coverage. Facebook and WhatsApp are the most popular OTT platforms used daily. A survey found that over half of respondents have used OTT for over 3 years on their smartphones. Respondents viewed OTT positively for business, education and democracy, but over 50% agreed some content like pornography should be regulated. The conclusion recommends supporting a free and open internet along with data protection laws and premium internet packages.
A case study of telemedicine for disaster management in a case studyAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a case study on implementing telemedicine in the remote and underdeveloped districts of Balochistan, Pakistan to improve disaster management. Balochistan has the lowest human development and is prone to natural disasters that damage its telecommunication infrastructure. Recent projects have introduced broadband fiber optic networks but they are still vulnerable. The study analyzes past network failures during floods and proposes more resilient designs. It discusses establishing telemedicine between major hospitals to serve remote areas via the new networks. This could help with disaster response by maintaining connectivity when traditional networks fail during emergencies.
The document summarizes ICT development in Laos, including key facts about the country's population and economy. It outlines Laos' national ICT policy goals of increasing access to technology and developing human resources. The national telecom infrastructure and services are described, along with the government's e-government and education initiatives to promote ICT use. Challenges around skills, funding, and standardization are also noted.
The document discusses digital inclusion efforts in Laos. It provides background on Laos' demographics, economy, and ICT statistics. Laos has low internet penetration and ranks low on international digital inclusion indexes. To improve inclusion, the government is working to expand infrastructure through projects, lower costs by restructuring fees and taxes, increase ICT skills through education programs, and develop useful applications like e-government, health services, and tools to assist people with disabilities. Overall, the document outlines the current state of digital inclusion in Laos and various strategies and projects the government is pursuing to expand connectivity and access nationwide, especially in rural areas.
The document provides a country profile and overview of telecommunications infrastructure for Lao PDR, describing its capital city, population, telecom operators and network. It discusses the role of the National Authority of Post and Telecommunication in regulating the sector and formulating policy. The document also outlines Lao PDR's approach to developing its ICT sector and expanding access to underserved areas through improved infrastructure, skills, and affordable services.
This document provides an overview of ICT infrastructure in Laos, as presented by Mr. Phonpasit PHISSAMAY, Director General of the Information Technology Research Institute of the National Authority for Science and Technology in Laos. It describes the national e-government infrastructure, transmission backbone, national internet center, telecom and ISP operators, and challenges connecting Laos to the Trans-Eurasia Information Network (TEIN).
The document summarizes the status of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-government in Laos. It discusses that telecom and internet penetration has reached 80% and 25% respectively. It also notes that the e-government development index of Laos is 0.26, which is lower than the world average of 0.47. Infrastructure such as optic fiber cables and mobile towers have been expanding but affordability and literacy remain challenges. The E-Government Center is working on initiatives like the national e-portal, e-services, applications and network to further develop e-government in Laos according to the national e-government plan.
This document describes a new methodology for calculating broadband take rates in the United States at a more granular census tract level. It finds that previous estimates at the state level did not account for households without access and overstated the number of homes without broadband. The new methodology uses FCC and Census data on households with broadband access by census tract to determine take rates where broadband is available, finding rates are higher than previously thought and the number of homes without access is smaller than estimated.
The Lao National E-Government Project aims to develop e-government infrastructure and applications across Lao PDR. It establishes a national e-government network connecting government agencies, provides IT equipment to over 100 organizations, and develops a national e-government portal and applications like e-documents and e-services. However, challenges remain in fully implementing the project due to gaps in telecommunications infrastructure, limited IT skills outside major cities, and lack of motivation and computerization in some agencies.
The document summarizes ICT development in Laos, including telecommunications policy, regulation, network infrastructure, and frequency spectrum management. Laos' telecommunications sector is regulated by a 2001 law and a new draft law will replace it. Key telecom operators include Lao Telecom, ETL, and Millicom. Mobile subscriptions have grown significantly in recent years. Internet usage is also growing but capacity building efforts are still needed to develop Laos' ICT sector sustainably.
Presentation delivered at Conference on Speeding-up the NGN Ubiquity:A Pilar for Digital GrowthAthens, Greece13-14 February 2014. Conference held within the framework of the Greek Presidency in EU.
The significance of international backhaul points to ponder by nepalAbu Saeed Khan
A four-day residential course was offered by LIRNEasia, in partnership with Internet Society (ISOC) with the support of the Ford Foundation. It was held at Club Himalaya in Nagorcot during March 28-31. Objective of this course was to enable members of Nepalese civil-society groups (including academics and those from the media) to marshal available research and evidence for effective participation in broadband policy and regulatory processes including interactions with media, thereby facilitating and enriching policy discourse on means of increasing broadband access by the poor. I was one of the faculties of this course and this is what I have presented.
This document summarizes strategies for unlocking rural mobile coverage in South Africa. It outlines the challenges of low population density, difficult terrain, and lack of basic infrastructure in rural areas. Key policy enablers that can help expand coverage include allocating low-frequency spectrum, promoting infrastructure sharing between mobile operators, reducing sector-specific taxes, and having realistic competition policies. Government initiatives in South Africa like the Universal Service Fund and programs like ICT4RED and Ukufunda Virtual School aim to connect schools and provide tablets for education, but progress has been slow. Case studies of mobile operators like Vodacom expanding their 4G networks show potential solutions.
Europe: Regional Launch of Measuring Information Society Report 2015: Press C...Jaroslaw Ponder
The Global launch of the 2015 edition of the Measuring the Information Society Report (MIS) was held on 30 November 2015, on the first day of the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) 2015 in Hiroshima, Japan. Parallel launch events will take place in Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Brasilia, Cairo and Geneva.
A press conference to launch of the MIS Report with a regional focus on Europe took place at 11 am on 30 November 2015 in Press Room 1 at the United Nations Office in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information on the MIS report please see
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2015.aspx
Community Networks: Kenya Telecoop Project Concept Njiraini Mwende
Now referred to as Community Networks, this is concept is based on values of voluntary associations, resources and expertise available in local cooperatives and communities to provide telecommunication services. The rural Tel-coop concept is proposed for implementation in selected rural areas with the objective of improving connectivity and contributing to the achievement of the government’s policy objective universal access to ICT services.
This document discusses ICT development in Laos. It provides background on Laos' population, GDP, and telecommunication infrastructure. The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for ICT policy and regulation. ICT contributes significantly to GDP growth and is seen as important for achieving development goals. However, Laos still lags behind in telecommunication access compared to other countries.
This document provides an analysis of Armenia's Concept Paper on migrating to digital radio and TV broadcasting. It examines the Concept Paper from the perspective of international standards and best practices. Some key points made in the analysis include:
1) Digital broadcasting can increase choice and opportunities if certain rules are followed, but risks include monopolization and less media pluralism.
2) Armenia plans to complete the digital switchover by 2015, but analogue broadcasting should not be shut off until digital coverage reaches almost the entire population.
3) Access, infrastructure issues, licensing processes, the role of public service broadcasting, and ensuring media pluralism need more detailed guidelines.
4) Financing digitalization will be challenging,
The document summarizes the key achievements and interventions of Nigeria's Ministry of Communication Technology from 2014. It discusses how ICT contributions to GDP have grown, national broadband strategy development, submarine cable installations, expanding wireless and microwave broadband access, the role of NIGCOMSAT, empowering women in ICT, and e-government initiatives. Standards for MDA websites and a digital jobs program called NaijaCloud are also outlined.
Caz Research Paper Latest&Updated Presentationguest48c8eba8
The document summarizes a paper presentation on the market demand for ICT in rural and peri-urban areas of Zambia. It defines key terms, describes the research sites in Zambia, analyzes opportunities and challenges of ICT provision in rural and peri-urban areas, and proposes strategies for developing ICT infrastructure in these areas including using mobile internet vehicles, computer kiosks, and partnerships with educational institutions.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
This document provides a final report on capacity building training for health journalists on polio in Pakistan. It includes an overview of the project delivery, mapping of influential media professionals, analysis of recurring negative media narratives on polio, development of training modules, sessions held in five provinces, and outcomes of pre-and post-training evaluations. The report finds that the training was successful in addressing misconceptions in media reporting and improved the quality of polio coverage. It provides recommendations to further strengthen media engagement and support responsible journalism on polio issues.
The document summarizes OTT services in Laos. It provides background on Laos' country profile and telecommunications infrastructure. Mobile internet access has grown significantly, with over 4 million mobile subscriptions and high 3G coverage. Facebook and WhatsApp are the most popular OTT platforms used daily. A survey found that over half of respondents have used OTT for over 3 years on their smartphones. Respondents viewed OTT positively for business, education and democracy, but over 50% agreed some content like pornography should be regulated. The conclusion recommends supporting a free and open internet along with data protection laws and premium internet packages.
A case study of telemedicine for disaster management in a case studyAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a case study on implementing telemedicine in the remote and underdeveloped districts of Balochistan, Pakistan to improve disaster management. Balochistan has the lowest human development and is prone to natural disasters that damage its telecommunication infrastructure. Recent projects have introduced broadband fiber optic networks but they are still vulnerable. The study analyzes past network failures during floods and proposes more resilient designs. It discusses establishing telemedicine between major hospitals to serve remote areas via the new networks. This could help with disaster response by maintaining connectivity when traditional networks fail during emergencies.
The document summarizes ICT development in Laos, including key facts about the country's population and economy. It outlines Laos' national ICT policy goals of increasing access to technology and developing human resources. The national telecom infrastructure and services are described, along with the government's e-government and education initiatives to promote ICT use. Challenges around skills, funding, and standardization are also noted.
The document discusses digital inclusion efforts in Laos. It provides background on Laos' demographics, economy, and ICT statistics. Laos has low internet penetration and ranks low on international digital inclusion indexes. To improve inclusion, the government is working to expand infrastructure through projects, lower costs by restructuring fees and taxes, increase ICT skills through education programs, and develop useful applications like e-government, health services, and tools to assist people with disabilities. Overall, the document outlines the current state of digital inclusion in Laos and various strategies and projects the government is pursuing to expand connectivity and access nationwide, especially in rural areas.
The document provides a country profile and overview of telecommunications infrastructure for Lao PDR, describing its capital city, population, telecom operators and network. It discusses the role of the National Authority of Post and Telecommunication in regulating the sector and formulating policy. The document also outlines Lao PDR's approach to developing its ICT sector and expanding access to underserved areas through improved infrastructure, skills, and affordable services.
This document provides an overview of ICT infrastructure in Laos, as presented by Mr. Phonpasit PHISSAMAY, Director General of the Information Technology Research Institute of the National Authority for Science and Technology in Laos. It describes the national e-government infrastructure, transmission backbone, national internet center, telecom and ISP operators, and challenges connecting Laos to the Trans-Eurasia Information Network (TEIN).
The document summarizes the status of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-government in Laos. It discusses that telecom and internet penetration has reached 80% and 25% respectively. It also notes that the e-government development index of Laos is 0.26, which is lower than the world average of 0.47. Infrastructure such as optic fiber cables and mobile towers have been expanding but affordability and literacy remain challenges. The E-Government Center is working on initiatives like the national e-portal, e-services, applications and network to further develop e-government in Laos according to the national e-government plan.
This document describes a new methodology for calculating broadband take rates in the United States at a more granular census tract level. It finds that previous estimates at the state level did not account for households without access and overstated the number of homes without broadband. The new methodology uses FCC and Census data on households with broadband access by census tract to determine take rates where broadband is available, finding rates are higher than previously thought and the number of homes without access is smaller than estimated.
The Lao National E-Government Project aims to develop e-government infrastructure and applications across Lao PDR. It establishes a national e-government network connecting government agencies, provides IT equipment to over 100 organizations, and develops a national e-government portal and applications like e-documents and e-services. However, challenges remain in fully implementing the project due to gaps in telecommunications infrastructure, limited IT skills outside major cities, and lack of motivation and computerization in some agencies.
The document summarizes ICT development in Laos, including telecommunications policy, regulation, network infrastructure, and frequency spectrum management. Laos' telecommunications sector is regulated by a 2001 law and a new draft law will replace it. Key telecom operators include Lao Telecom, ETL, and Millicom. Mobile subscriptions have grown significantly in recent years. Internet usage is also growing but capacity building efforts are still needed to develop Laos' ICT sector sustainably.
Presentation delivered at Conference on Speeding-up the NGN Ubiquity:A Pilar for Digital GrowthAthens, Greece13-14 February 2014. Conference held within the framework of the Greek Presidency in EU.
The significance of international backhaul points to ponder by nepalAbu Saeed Khan
A four-day residential course was offered by LIRNEasia, in partnership with Internet Society (ISOC) with the support of the Ford Foundation. It was held at Club Himalaya in Nagorcot during March 28-31. Objective of this course was to enable members of Nepalese civil-society groups (including academics and those from the media) to marshal available research and evidence for effective participation in broadband policy and regulatory processes including interactions with media, thereby facilitating and enriching policy discourse on means of increasing broadband access by the poor. I was one of the faculties of this course and this is what I have presented.
This document summarizes strategies for unlocking rural mobile coverage in South Africa. It outlines the challenges of low population density, difficult terrain, and lack of basic infrastructure in rural areas. Key policy enablers that can help expand coverage include allocating low-frequency spectrum, promoting infrastructure sharing between mobile operators, reducing sector-specific taxes, and having realistic competition policies. Government initiatives in South Africa like the Universal Service Fund and programs like ICT4RED and Ukufunda Virtual School aim to connect schools and provide tablets for education, but progress has been slow. Case studies of mobile operators like Vodacom expanding their 4G networks show potential solutions.
Europe: Regional Launch of Measuring Information Society Report 2015: Press C...Jaroslaw Ponder
The Global launch of the 2015 edition of the Measuring the Information Society Report (MIS) was held on 30 November 2015, on the first day of the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) 2015 in Hiroshima, Japan. Parallel launch events will take place in Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Brasilia, Cairo and Geneva.
A press conference to launch of the MIS Report with a regional focus on Europe took place at 11 am on 30 November 2015 in Press Room 1 at the United Nations Office in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information on the MIS report please see
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2015.aspx
Community Networks: Kenya Telecoop Project Concept Njiraini Mwende
Now referred to as Community Networks, this is concept is based on values of voluntary associations, resources and expertise available in local cooperatives and communities to provide telecommunication services. The rural Tel-coop concept is proposed for implementation in selected rural areas with the objective of improving connectivity and contributing to the achievement of the government’s policy objective universal access to ICT services.
This document discusses ICT development in Laos. It provides background on Laos' population, GDP, and telecommunication infrastructure. The National Authority of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for ICT policy and regulation. ICT contributes significantly to GDP growth and is seen as important for achieving development goals. However, Laos still lags behind in telecommunication access compared to other countries.
This document provides an analysis of Armenia's Concept Paper on migrating to digital radio and TV broadcasting. It examines the Concept Paper from the perspective of international standards and best practices. Some key points made in the analysis include:
1) Digital broadcasting can increase choice and opportunities if certain rules are followed, but risks include monopolization and less media pluralism.
2) Armenia plans to complete the digital switchover by 2015, but analogue broadcasting should not be shut off until digital coverage reaches almost the entire population.
3) Access, infrastructure issues, licensing processes, the role of public service broadcasting, and ensuring media pluralism need more detailed guidelines.
4) Financing digitalization will be challenging,
The document summarizes the key achievements and interventions of Nigeria's Ministry of Communication Technology from 2014. It discusses how ICT contributions to GDP have grown, national broadband strategy development, submarine cable installations, expanding wireless and microwave broadband access, the role of NIGCOMSAT, empowering women in ICT, and e-government initiatives. Standards for MDA websites and a digital jobs program called NaijaCloud are also outlined.
Caz Research Paper Latest&Updated Presentationguest48c8eba8
The document summarizes a paper presentation on the market demand for ICT in rural and peri-urban areas of Zambia. It defines key terms, describes the research sites in Zambia, analyzes opportunities and challenges of ICT provision in rural and peri-urban areas, and proposes strategies for developing ICT infrastructure in these areas including using mobile internet vehicles, computer kiosks, and partnerships with educational institutions.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
Chinese Taipei's regulatory update provides the following information:
1) Chinese Taipei has announced a Digital Convergence Policy Initiative to enhance broadband quality and develop the digital convergence industry, including plans to reach 100% household access to 100Mbps broadband by 2013 and complete digitization of cable TV by 2014.
2) Chinese Taipei will release 4G mobile broadband licenses by December 2013 based on technological neutrality and will analyze mobile broadband access rates nationwide in 2013.
3) Chinese Taipei approved an IPv6 Upgrade and Promotion Program in 2011 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 given the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
Mt ibrahim gsma project_weighing the benefits of universal service fundsMohammed Ibrahim
Market liberalization and prmotion of competition has enabled the rapid growth of telecoms markets around the world. Current estimates put the number of unique mobile subscribers at around 3.8 billion. Yet, majority of the world's population currently live without access to basic ICT services. Government's and regulators around the world have adopted a number of approaches including the use of Universal Service Funds to bridge the digital divide and make services accessible and affordable to the widest number of people. This presentation is intended to provide a brief overview to the public on the programmes being implemented under the Universal Service Provision Fund in Nigeria, together with challenges currently being faced as well as possible solutions.
The committee recommends renaming the National Optical Fibre Network project as BharatNet to reflect the vision of establishing a highly scalable broadband network accessible to all households in India by 2017.
The committee provides guidelines for estimating bandwidth requirements and sizing infrastructure for BharatNet, including objectives, principles for bandwidth estimation, and guidelines for ducts, fibre and electronics. It recommends degrees of freedom for States to determine bandwidth needs but limits Central funding to the base recommended design.
The committee recommends using alternative media like radio and satellite for certain Gram Panchayats based on household density and distance from Block offices. It estimates around 20,000 Gram Panchayats would need radio and 3,000 satellite connectivity
This document provides an overview and analysis of Common Service Centers (CSCs) in India. It begins with background on CSCs and their role in bridging the rural-urban divide by providing access to services. It then analyzes the technological framework of CSCs and the services they offer in areas like e-governance, education, healthcare, and commerce. Market analysis shows potential for CSC services. The document also discusses challenges to CSC implementation like delays in services, lack of connectivity and awareness. Strategic analysis tools are proposed to evaluate CSCs, including SWOT, Porter's Five Forces, value chain and business mapping. The business model and cash flows of CSCs are also assessed. In summary, the document
This document summarizes Indonesia's broadband plan from 2014-2019. The plan aims to accelerate broadband development across Indonesia in a comprehensive and integrated manner. Key goals include achieving 100% coverage of telecommunications and internet services in underserved areas, increasing fixed and mobile broadband speeds and coverage nationally, completing the digital television migration, and boosting e-government and ICT literacy. The plan was developed through extensive stakeholder consultation and aims to guide both public and private sector investment and policies to expand broadband infrastructure and adoption across Indonesia.
Western Cape Broadband Briefing to Cape Chamber ICT CommitteeNirvesh Sooful
The Western Cape Broadband initiative aims to provide affordable, high-speed broadband access to all citizens in the Western Cape by 2030. The strategic framework focuses on readiness, usage, and infrastructure development. Six core projects will connect leadership, government, communities, households, businesses, and international connectivity. Progress includes establishing a broadband office, connecting schools and buildings, and wireless mesh networks in communities. The long-term goal is a provincewide fiber network delivering minimum speeds of 10Gbps to drive economic development through connectivity.
The document discusses universal internet access and strategies to bridge the digital divide. It summarizes Nigeria's National Broadband Plan which aimed to increase broadband penetration 5-fold by 2018 through public-private partnerships and infrastructure sharing. However, implementation of the plan was weak, and targets for broadband penetration were not achieved. The government plans to review the broadband plan in 2018 to improve implementation and socioeconomic development.
India-U.S. CEO Forum met in September 2015 as part of the first ever U.S.-India Strategic and Commercial Dialogue held in Washington D.C. In the forum, the Digital Infrastructure, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Working Group was co-chaired by Sunil Bharti Mittal (Founder & Chairman of Bharti Enterprises) and James Taiclet (Chairman, President & CEO of ATC)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Gsam course principles of internet governance final project feb 2017CONATEL
Honduras has a population of over 8 million people but internet access remains limited, with only 5.35% having fixed-line access and mobile internet penetration reaching 1.46 million users. The government has installed over 2,500 public WiFi hotspots in schools and parks nationwide. Moving forward, increasing mobile coverage, the number of internet users, and use of online education and government services are priorities. The government can promote investment in rural networks through tax breaks and spectrum auctions. Establishing more internet exchange points would allow cheaper access to local content. The GSMA course taught the importance of balanced stakeholder participation and cooperation to foster sustainable internet development.
The document provides information about Nepal's geography, demographics, economy, telecommunications sector, and digital initiatives. Some key points:
- Nepal has a population of nearly 30 million people and borders China and India. Its terrain ranges from plains to Himalayan peaks.
- The telecom sector has seen rapid growth in recent years with over 55% of the population now having access to mobile phones. Broadband penetration is also increasing.
- The government has introduced policies and regulations to boost digital infrastructure development and internet access, with a goal of nationwide broadband by 2020. Initiatives focus on areas like e-governance, education, healthcare, and financial services.
There is a need for infrastructure sharing in Zimbabwe to make efficient use of financial resources and avoid unnecessary duplication of infrastructure across utility sectors like telecommunications. A study by the telecommunications regulator found that infrastructure duplication and high equipment costs were major contributors to the high cost of service provision. Infrastructure sharing based on open access can help speed up deployment of broadband and other services, increasing access and lowering costs. This will support socio-economic growth as a 10% increase in broadband penetration generates a 1.5% increase in GDP. The document outlines ways to achieve infrastructure sharing, like a "dig once" policy, coordinating an infrastructure dashboard, streamlining rights of way approvals, and developing forms and contracts for infrastructure deployment and sharing.
This document discusses Zambia's efforts to strengthen telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic growth and security. It outlines Zambia's strategic geographical position and national ICT policy goals. It then summarizes several key infrastructure projects being undertaken by ZICTA, including expanding the GSM network and optic fiber infrastructure, connecting learning institutions, and establishing multi-purpose community centers. Challenges to achieving universal access objectives are also noted, such as weak supporting infrastructure like roads and electricity.
This document provides an overview of the existing and upcoming IT infrastructure in India. It discusses the status of existing infrastructure including telecom, digital India initiatives, and the telecom infrastructure in states like Gujarat. It also outlines some of the major upcoming infrastructure like technologies for education, healthcare, farmers, and security. Additionally, it mentions some of the prevailing policies for infrastructure development such as the National Digital Communications Policy 2018 and the Internet of Things Policy 2016.
Customer Perception about mobile service provider in the era of Mobile Numbe...Ranbaxy Labs Ltd
This document is a project report submitted by Harish Kalia to Punjab Technical University in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report examines customer perceptions of mobile service providers in India following the introduction of mobile number portability. It includes an introduction to the telecommunications sector and major service providers in India, as well as the objectives and methodology of Kalia's research project.
This document is a project report submitted to Punjab Technical University by Harish Kalia on customer perceptions of mobile service providers in India after the introduction of Mobile Number Portability. The report includes an introduction to telecommunications in India, the major mobile service providers (Airtel, Vodafone, BSNL, Idea), and Mobile Number Portability. It outlines the research methodology used in the study and presents an analysis of survey data collected on customer satisfaction, perceptions, and the impact of Mobile Number Portability. Tables and figures in the report provide details on the results of the primary research.
This document is a project report submitted to the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on the topic of MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) from an Indian perspective. The report provides an overview of the Indian telecom market and infrastructure sharing. It then discusses the concept of MVNO and different MVNO models. The report examines factors like mobile penetration and regulatory issues regarding the emergence of MVNOs in the Indian market. It also includes case studies of MVNOs in different countries. The objective is to study infrastructure sharing and the implementation of MVNO worldwide, with a focus on prospects for MVNOs in India.
This document discusses an initiative by RNP, the Brazilian National Research and Education Network, called Veredas Novas. The initiative aims to provide access to RNP's national backbone network at speeds of 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s to university and research institution campuses located in smaller, non-capital cities throughout Brazil. Currently, high-speed connections are only available in the major cities. Veredas Novas seeks to extend these connections to hundreds of additional campuses and leverage the ongoing deployment of Brazil's National Broadband Plan. The initiative is supported by several government ministries and involves partnerships with public and private organizations.
Similar to National Optical Fibre Network - A Review of the Pilot Blocks (20)
Ready to Unlock the Power of Blockchain!Toptal Tech
Imagine a world where data flows freely, yet remains secure. A world where trust is built into the fabric of every transaction. This is the promise of blockchain, a revolutionary technology poised to reshape our digital landscape.
Toptal Tech is at the forefront of this innovation, connecting you with the brightest minds in blockchain development. Together, we can unlock the potential of this transformative technology, building a future of transparency, security, and endless possibilities.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
3. 3NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) is a government project aimed at providing
broadband connectivity to 2, 50,000 Gram Panchayats in an effort to provide last mile con-
nectivity as critical infrastructure. Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) was created
to implement the project. Through funding of Rs. 20,000 Cr from the Universal Service Ob-
ligation Fund (USOF), the government committed itself to delivering this project effec-
tively (BBNL 1).
The NOFN’s aim was to provide all necessary government services to citizens in an effort to
allow then access to information which would lead to their empowerment and develop-
ment. It was a result of the coming together of policy and a vision of managing a high qual-
ity network with a link to services to provide on-demand access to citizens.
Testing the viability of such a large-scale network infrastructure project is imperative. To
check the issues and challenges in the implementation of the NOFN and contrast it with
the planning and management schedule, BBNL implemented a pilot project in 59 Gram
Panchayats in 3 Blocks. (BBNL 2)
In December 2014, DEF conducted a study to analyse connectivity in the pilot locations of
the NOFN (which consists of 30 Gram Panchayats in Rajasthan, 15 in Andhra Pradesh and
14 in North Tripura).
The study reveals that there is a fairly large gap between the initial claims made and the re-
alities. There is an uneven distribution of NOFN among the gram Panchayats. Even in the
pilot phase, only 67% of the Panchayats had a hard-line connection to NOFN (20.5% have
no connection to NOFN at all). Not all the Panchayats with a connection were actually con-
nected to NOFN – only 45.5% of the Panchayats surveyed had access to the services pro-
vided by NOFN.
Further, the average broadband connectivity is 50 MBPs at Gram Panchayat level, which
falls short of the envisioned goal of 100 MBPs. Even where there is NOFN connectivity, the
ecosystem of services is below the planned suite. As for the rural areas beyond the Pan-
chayats, NOFN connectivity has not reached/been distributed there as BBNL promised.
This study highlights the importance of the NOFN as not only physical infrastructure but
an integral part of allowing citizens access to services. This further links to highlighting
the importance of proper management and sustainability of any infrastructure that is laid
down by the government.
4. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks4
INTRODUCTION
The National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) is a project of the Government of India (GoI)
envisioning optical fiber connectivity to 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats (GP) in all states and
UTs. It has a total outlay of Rs. 20,000 Cr and is funded by the Universal Service Obligation
Fund (USOF) of the Government. It was envisioned as a network to provide last mile con-
nectivity at the village level and to allow access to government to citizen (G2C) services.
As part of the vision of allowing broadband access at all administrative levels and at vari-
ous governance institutions, the NOFN is to be integrated with pre-existing network infra-
structures: State Wide Area Networks (SWANs), State Data Centres (SDCs), National
Knowledge Network (NKN) and National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET); to create
a national network backbone.
5. 5NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
PLACING THE NOFN IN POLICY HISTORY
The NOFN is the latest in a series of pan-India programs that focus on augmenting the net-
work infrastructure of the country. Its evolution begins with the National e-Governance
Plan, which was created in 2006 to provide ICT enabled delivery of Government services.
Public IT platforms such as State Wide Area Networks (SWANs), State Data Centres (SDCs)
and Common Service Centres (CSCs) were important in the successful implementation of
the NeGP. SWANs were envisioned to provide connectivity from the State/UT Headquarters
(SHQ) up to the Block Headquarters (BHQ) level via District/ sub-Divisional Headquarters
(DHQ), in a vertical hierarchical structure with a minimum bandwidth capacity of 2 Mbps
per link.
The Common Service Centre (CSC) was the cornerstone of the NeGP and it was envisioned
as community level access centre to video, voice, data and content services in the realms of
e-governance, education, health, telemedicine, entertainment as well as other private serv-
ices. Providing communities with access to information and services relating to liveli-
hoods, education, health, access to market, entertainment and utility services was a vision
of the CSC initiative.
In 2010, ITU & UNESCO setup the Broadband Commission for Digital Development that
underlined that expanding broadband access in every country was vital to accelerating
progress towards the MDGs by the target date of 2015 and sought commitments from all
member countries to create and implement such plans. Later in 2010, the Office of the Ad-
viser to the Prime Minister; Public Information Infrastructure & Innovations; released a
whitepaper that emphasised the need to connect all the Gram Panchayats in India via an
optical fiber network.
In 2011, the GoI approved the creation of the National Optical Fiber Network. A Special
Purpose Vehicle (SPV); Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) was created to imple-
ment and coordinate the project. BBNL was awarded a National Long Distance Operating
(NLDO) license, Department of Telecom which provided it wholesale bandwidth license.
On-ground implementation responsibility was outsourced to 3 Public Sector Undertakings
(PSU); BSNL, RAILTEL and PGCIL (Power Grid Corporation Ltd.) which further had discre-
tion to outsource cable laying tasks to private Internet Service Providers (ISP). The funding
for the project was to come from the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) at a cost of
USD 4 billion. The USOF is funded through a Universal Service Levy (USL) which has
presently been fixed at 5% of the Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) of all Telecom Service
Providers except the pure value added service providers. In addition, the Central Govt. may
also give grants and loans.
The NOFN was scheduled to roll out in a phased manner by December 2012. (Department
of Telecommunications, 2013) A pilot project covering 59 GPs in 3 Blocks was scheduled
for completion by October 2012. The Department of Telecommunications, in their 2013-
2014 Annual Report has stated that the NOFN rollout deadline has now been shifted to De-
6. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks6
cember 2016. (Department of Telecommunications, 2014) It also states that as of October
2012, the 59 GPs included in the pilot project have been provided with 100Mbps band-
width.
In 2012, the Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) implemented the National Digital
Literacy Mission (NDLM) programme, a joint effort of the industry and civil society organi-
zations in pilot locations of NOFN. The programme aimed to make one adult per house-
hold to digitally literate. With 12 months of ground intervention in 3 blocks across India,
the programme made 1700 adults to be digitally literate. The thrust behind this pilot was
not mere digital literacy drive but to also draw key lessons and understanding on the usage
of NOFN connectivity in India: the trends, need, scope, challenges, and future prospects.
In 2014, DEF conducted a status study to analyse connectivity and access infrastructure in
pilot locations of the NOFN. The primary objective of this survey was to understand the sta-
tus of NOFN connectivity, accessibility and whether it has been extended further to achieve
the objectives of ‘Digital India’ mission. The study was conducted in 30 GPs of Arain (Ra-
jasthan), 15 GPs of Pravada (Andhra Pradesh) and 14 GPs of Panisagar (North Tripura).
7. 7NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
BBNL OBJECTIVES & NOFN TIMELINES
The Telecom Commission approved a 3-phase implementation of the NOFN programme1
.
As per the Telecom Commission’s phase plan, the first phase of the NOFN planned to
cover 100,000 gram panchayats by 31st March 2014. The second phase aimed to cover an-
other 100,000 by March 2015. And in the third phase, an additional 50,000 by September
2015.
However, according to DOT’s Annual Report 2013-2014, the timeline for deploying NOFN
has been further revised and extended. The revised timeline is:
The deployment of NOFN was based on the utilizing the existing optic fibre network of
BSNL, PGCIL and RAILTEL in the ratio of 70%, 15% and 15% respectively. As per NOFN de-
ployment plan, BSNL was asked to handle 18 territories of the country, RAILTEL in 11 and
PGCIL was asked to deploy in 4.
1
Document procured from BBNL
Phase
Pilot Phase
1st Phase
2nd Phase
3rd Phase
Timeline
October 2012
31st March 2014
31st March 2015
September 2015
Coverage
3 Blocks
100,000 GPs
100,000 GPs
50,000 GPs
Phase
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Timeline
31st March 2015
31st March 2016
31st December 2016
Coverage
1,00,000 GPs
1,00,000 GPs
50,000 GPs
Organisation
BSNL
POWERGRID
Coverage
75% Coverage
15% Coverage
Areas
Andaman and Nicobar, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh,
Chattisgarh, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Kar-
nataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand
and Orissa
8. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks8
Organisation
RAILTEL
Coverage
15% Coverage
Areas
Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra and Nagar Havelli,
Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Manipur, Meghalaya,
Mizoram, Nagaland, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu
and Tripura
SURVEY OBJECTIVES
• To understand the current status of access infrastructure in the pilot locations
• To understand whether connectivity is available at gram panchayats
• To understand whether the connectivity provided under NOFN has been further distributed
METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE DETAILS
The study was conducted through randomised quota sampling. The purpose of the NOFN
was to provide internet connectivity at the Panchayat level. Our study focused on the pres-
ence of NOFN connection infrastructure and connectivity at a total of 112 Schools, Govern-
ment Offices and Panchayats. A total of 107 persons (83 males and 24 females across 58
Gram Panchayats responded to the survey2
. A full list of respondents along with demo-
graphic information can be found in Annexures 1, 2 & 3.
The results presented in this study are based on responses from government officers,
teachers and others who were the planned target beneficiaries of the NOFN rollout. The
questionnaire used in the survey can be found in Annexure 4.
2
In later stage of NOFN implementation, Dharmanagar block was excluded from NOFN Pilot stage plan (BBNL)
9. 9NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
TOTALS
Of the 112 institutions covered under the survey, our study found that 67% (75) had the
hard-line connection to the NOFN and 20.5% (23) have no connection to the NOFN (See
Figure 1).
However, when we viewed connection and connectivity as mutually exclusive, we found
that only 45.5% (51) of the total had a working NOFN connection whereas 21.4% (24) had a
hard-line connection to the NOFN but no access to services (See Figure 2).
Figure 1: Status of NOFN
Availability in Pilot Blocks
Figure 2: Status of NOFN
Connectivity in Pilot Blocks
10. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks10
Of the 75 institutions with NOFN connections, only 68% (51) have access v/s 32% that only
have the connection (See Figure 3). It should be stated that access implies the presence of
a connection.
SCHOOLS
Of the 26 schools covered in this study, equal numbers had a NOFN connection V/s ab-
sence of the same (46% (12) each). We received no responses from only 2 institutions (See
Figure 4).
GOVERNMENT OFFICES
Of the 28 government offices studied, 39% (11) had no NOFN connection V/s. 25% (7) hav-
ing one. We received no responses regarding 36% (10) of the offices in the study area. (See
Figure 5)
Figure 3: Connection V/S Access in Pilot
Blocks
Figure 4: Status of NOFN Connectivity in
Schools of Pilot Blocks
Figure 5: Status of NOFN
Connectivity in Govt. Offices
11. 11NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
PANCHAYATS
An overwhelming majority of 96.5% (56) of the total 58 claimed NOFN connectivity, with
only 2 giving no response. (See Figure 6)
Figure 6: Status of NOFN
Connectivity in
Panchayats
12. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks12
DETAILED RESULTS
ARAIN BLOCK, AJMER DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN
Arain is one of the largest blocks in the Ajmer District of Rajasthan. It is close to the histor-
ical town of Kishangarh.
The NOFN promises bandwidth of 100 MBPs. However, during our study, we found that
the average speed is 50MBPs. Out of 30 GPs, 67% (20) have NOFN connections, and 33%
(10) do not have NOFN connectivity (Fig 7).
The study also reveals each GP has a Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra (IT Centre) and an NOFN
connection has been available for the past two years, however 20% of them have computers
which are either not working or not in good condition. Moreover, 10% of the respondents
at the IT centre claimed that they received NOFN connectivity; however, it was discon-
nected later (Fig 8). In the cases where connectivity is available, panchayat members are
limited to generating birth and death certificates.
Demographic Indicator
Total Population
Households
Total Literacy Rate
Governance Structures
Educational Institutions
Healthcare Institutions
Value
6149 persons
3187 males
2962 females
1077 children
~2000 HHs
80%
78% (male)
962% (female)
30 Gram Panchayats
73 Primary Schools
70 Middle Schools
49 Secondary Schools
11 Primary Health Centres
1 Community Health Centre
Figure 7: Status of NOFN
Connection Vs. Access -
Arain
13. 13NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
While when it was asked to school authorities regarding NOFN connectivity – the respon-
dents said that they are aware about NOFN line to be connected to their schools but none
of these schools are connected.
Figure 8: Status of NOFN Access
Infrastructure - Arain
Tilonia is a small village and a Panchayat in Ajmer dis-
trict in Rajasthan, located 8 kilometres off National
Highway 8, also known as Jaipur - Ajmer highway con-
necting Mumbai. Tilonia is also one of those very few
villages of India which can be found on Google Map
and if you search Tilonia, there would hundreds of re-
sults come. And the reason of Tilonia being popular
worldwide and searchable on Internet is because of the
great works of Barefoot College and the college is also
located in Tilonia village barely a kilometre from the railway station of Tilonia.
In fact Tilonia Panchayat or Gram Sabha building is also quite vibrant and buzzing with activ-
ities. They have two ancient computers but functional
and the computer operator is a volunteer provided by
Barefoot College, her name is Kaushalya. The
Sarpanch, Kamla is also a very active Leader and have
operational computer at her home also. In other
words, Tilonia is a kind of Panchayat and village which
has seen many progressive developments including
many legislations also it has influenced like equal
wages for women, RTI, Right to Hear and so on. Bare-
foot College itself is functional less than 500 meters
from the Panchayat building, where even BSNL ex-
change is also located.
Yet, the Tilonia Panchayat do not have Internet connectivity. When this researcher reached
Tilonia Gram Sabha on 17th around noon to find out whether the National Optic Fibre Net-
work (NOFN) has reached the Panchayat building, I was pleasantly surprised that NOFN line
was very much installed and there was a box on a wall which had a stamp of BBNL (Bharat
Broadband Network Limited), the special purpose vehicle or a company created by Depart-
ment of Telecom to manage and implement 20,000 crore fund allocated to ensure that every
14. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks14
PRAVADA BLOCK, VISHAKAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
Pravada Block has 20 GPs
within it. Out of 14 GPs cov-
ered by our study3
, 10 have
NOFN connections; however,
35% of GPs mentioned that
NOFN connection is not
working in their GP; 7%
claimed that they do not have
connection; 7% GPs are using
other connectivity and 14%
are not aware about NOFN
connectivity. (See Figure 9)
Figure 9: NOFN Con-
nection Vs. Access in
GPs - Pravada
Demographic Indicator
Total Population
Governance Structures
Educational Institutions
Healthcare Institutions
Value
78165 persons
39430 males
38735 females
20 Gram Panchayats
48 Primary Schools
4 Middle Schools
10 Secondary Schools
2 Primary Health Centres
3
Though Pravada has 20 GP, however 14 GPs have been covered in the Pilot NOFN Phase (BBNL)
one of the 249,450 Panchayats has 100MBPS dedicated fibre line to ensure people and gov-
ernment services at the last mile is adequately and efficiently delivered.
However, the real story is that the NOFN line that is
mysteriously hanging from BBNL box on a wall in the
Panchayat House is without life and soul. The box and
the wire is there for the last about one year as per the
staff working at the Panchayat house, but it is non
functional. There's is no data flow or for that matter
any Internet life in the BBNL box or the fibre pipe. The
appended photos are self explanatory about the exist-
ing situation of the NOFN and its functionality and
even its potential at Tilonia Panchayat which is sym-
bolic to the fact laying and installing the fibre line
across all 250,000 is one task but to make them work to benefit the masses is another chal-
lenge. We have, as a country, government after government, made millions of structures,
roads, and infrastructure but if they are seen as whether they are functional or live or active
for the citizens, the answer would be a sorry No. Because to make a infrastructure is a very
small part of its sustained functionality for which the approach has to be well planned, exe-
cuted and monitored.
15. 15NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
6 respondents from GPs claimed that though the NOFN infrastructure was present, it has
not been working after the recent cyclone. Moreover, the connection is limited for using
MeeSeva Services.
While in 12 schools located in Pravada, 41% (5) do have internet connection, however, 25%
(3) said that the connection is not working in their schools. Moreover, an overwhelming
majority of 50% do not have NOFN connectivity (See Fig 10).
PANISAGAR BLOCK, NORTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA
Panisagar is one of the blocks of North
Tripura district. In Panisagar, there are 14
schools located in 14 GPs of Panisagar4
. The
study identifies that NOFN line has been
reached 14 GPs, but average internet connec-
tivity available is just 3-4 hours per day. Fur-
ther, the connection has not been extended
from Panchayats to any government institution or offices. Apart from BSNL, RAILTEL is
also authorized for further distribution of NOFN connection, however, the study also iden-
tifies that there exists a communication gap between RAILTEL and BSNL officials. Even
though C-DOT is the implementation partner for signal transmission and all equipment
related maintenance at panchayat level, BSNL is not facilitating smooth communication
with C-DOT to ensure a high level of NOFN connectivity at Panisagar.
Of Panisagars’ 14 schools, 57% (8) have NOFN connection. Surprisingly, the NOFN connec-
tivity is not available at 6 of them. Therefore, these schools are left to gain access to the in-
ternet via private ISPs, defeating the purpose of the NOFN. And in only 2 schools does the
NOFN connection work.
Of the 14 government offices in the area, 78% (11) do not have a connection and 2 have
connections but lack access to the network.
Figure 10: Status of NOFN
Connection V/s Access in
Schools - Pravada
Demographic Indicator
Area
Total Population
No of Gram Panchayats
ADC Villages
Value
116.4
53,845
11
3
4
14 Gram Panchayat include 11 GPs+3 ADC (Autonomous District Council) Villages (BBNL)
16. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks16
DISCUSSION
Our study found gaps in the claims of BBNL which points to a less than optimal deploy-
ment of the NOFN in the pilot blocks. The NOFN was envisioned as not only a physical net-
work backbone but an access enabling infrastructure. However, our findings show that the
presence of a connection is not a predicator of the presence of access.
In one of the blocks, the speed of the connection was shown to be less than the 100MBPs
promised by the NOFN. The quantum of services available at the GP level also shows a level
of inadequacy.
Further, the vision of the NOFNs’ stakeholder matrix was to allow cooperation between
BBNL, PSUs, State Governments and others. However, given the hurdles identified in the
distribution of the NOFN, It is clear that communication and cooperation between the
stakeholders leaves a lot to be desired.
Claim
As on October 2012, the pilot
phase has been completed and
covered 59 Gram Panchayats in 3
Blocks
According to the mission of BBNL,
100 MBPs Broadband connectivity
to be provided at all the Gram
Panchayats
According to BBNL, the NOFN con-
nectivity can be provided further
in rural regions.
The mission of BBNL states that
connectivity will be further pro-
liferated for G2C, B2C and P2P
Broadband services in rural
areas.
BBNL guidelines states that NOFN
line can be further provided
through telecom service
provider/internet service provider
Reality
The study identifies that even in pilot phase,
NOFN hard line has been reached to 3 Blocks
but not completely covered 59 Gram Pan-
chayats. The study identifies that just 67%
had the hard-line connection to the NOFN
and 20.5% have no connection to the NOFN
The study identifies that average broadband
connectivity is 50MBPs at gram panchayat
level.
The study identifies in Arain block, the NOFN
connection has not been further distributed
beyond gram panchayat.
The study identifies that the usage of NOFN
connectivity is limited to e-Governance
services that too birth and death registra-
tion certificates.
The study reveals that BBNL has not further
provided through telecom service
providers/internet service providers
17. 17NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on our findings, DEF suggests that a committee of independent reviewers should be
constituted at USOF to oversee the effective rollout of the NOFN and delivery of services.
The current implementation of the NOFN in the pilot blocks has been very top-down. We
suggest engaging with local community leaders and CSOs & NGOs to ensure a horizontal
and bottom-up approach. This would be advantageous in accounting for stakeholder in-
centives, ensuring mechanisms for participation and impact assessment. This would all
eventually lead to the long term sustainability and expansion of the NOFN.
Expanding the ecosystem of services provided through the NOFN to the subjects stated in
the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution of India would empower local governance insti-
tutions and allow the full realisation of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment.
Finally, the government should look at the mechanisms of further distribution of NOFN
connectivity at the local level by exploring the possibility of village level ISP licenses similar
to local community radio licensing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BBNL 1. (n.d.). Project-National Optical Fibre Network(NOFN). Retrieved from
Bharat Braodband Network Limited: http://www.bbnl.nic.in/content/page/na-
tional-optical-fibre-networknofn.php
BBNL 2. (n.d.). Pilot Projects. Retrieved from Bharat Broadband Network Limited:
http://www.bbnl.nic.in/content/page/pilot-projects.php
Department of Telecommunications. (2013). Annual Report 2012-13. New Delhi:
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.
Department of Telecommunications. (2014). Annual Report 2013-14. New Delhi:
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.
18. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks18
Testing NOFN
speed at Arian
Panchayat
19. 19NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
OFC (Optical Fibre
Network)
equipments in pilot
locations
Access infrastructure
& equipments in pilot
locations
20. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks20
Primary School located in Salapuvani gram
panchayat of Visakhapatnam District
Gorlivanipalem Zilla Panchayat Office Naidupalem Panchayat Office
21. 21NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
Higher secondary
school located in
Akodiya gram
panchayat, Arian
Bharakanikum Zilla Panchayat
School
22. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks22
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE 1: RESPONDENTS DETAILS AT ARAIN
23. 23NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
ANNEXURE 2: RESPONDENT DETAILS AT VIZAG
27. 27NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
ANNEXURE 4: QUESTIONNAIRE TO STUDY CONNECTIVITY AND ACCESS
INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS IN GRAM PANCHAYATS OF NOFN (NATIONAL OPTIC
FIBRE NETWORK)
Survey Questionnaire
Guidelines for Survey Interview:
1. Please note that the questionnaire below is addressed to an individual respondent only.
2. Make sure that all answers are given by the respondent and nobody else on his/her
behalf.
3. Note that interviews should not be conducted in groups.
4. Before starting the interview, introduce yourself and ask if the respondent is willing
to spare half an hour for the survey. If not, request for another appointment at a
suitable time.
5. All the * marked questions are compulsory. They HAVE to be answered.
6. Try to get clear responses. Avoid writing 'NA' for relevant questions. Find alternative
ways to get the answer.
7. Make sure you are familiar with all questions in the survey before you conduct the
survey
8. This questionnaire is confidential and it will not be shared with any interviewee
Section A: Interview Information
Section B: Respondent Information
Section C: Geographic Location
Date *
Interviewer Name *
Interview Duration (minutes) *
Respondent Name *
Mobile/Phone Number
Email Address
Gender * Male Female
State
District Name
Block Name
Gram Panchayat Name
Address
Pin Code
Take the photo of the location
(make sure that GPS is On)
Attach the photograph in JPG
28. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks28
Section D: Understanding NOFN (National Optic Fibre Network) Status
(Please put tick mark on the basis of answer given by interviewee)
D.1 Block Development Officer/Local Railtel/BBNL/BSNL Officer
D.2. Sarpanch/ Panchayat Member/ Sarpanch Secretary
Respondent Name *
Mobile/Phone Number
Email Address
Gender * Male Female
Respondent Name *
Mobile/Phone Number
Email Address
Gender * Male Female
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Whether NOFN Line has been deployed or not
Whether NOFN line is working or not
For how long NOFN line has been working.
Whether NOFN line is further distributed
Are you distributing this connection further
connectivity?
If yes, please give details about where it has
been distributed
Who is providing you backhaul (backend)
connectivity?
Who is further it distributing?
How are you further distributing the
connection?
What is the cost of further distribution?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
( ) Year ( ) Month
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Schools ( )
Gram Panchayat ( )
Government Office ( )
Post Office ( )
PHC ( )
Hospital ( )
BSNL ( )
Railtel ( )
Powergrid ( )
BSNL
Railtel
Wi Fi
Land Line
29. 29NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
1.
2.
3.
4.
Are you aware that Gram Panchayat is
connected with NOFN?
If not, do you want that your GP should have
internet connectivity?
If Yes, then how long your gram panchayat
has been connected with internet
For what purpose, are Gram Panchayat
Members using connectivity
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
Are you aware that school is connected with
NOFN?
If not, do you want that your school should
have internet connectivity?
If Yes, then how long your school has been
connected with internet
Are you paying any cost for internet
connectivity?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
Are you aware that Govt. Office/Post Office is
connected with NOFN
If not, do you want that your Govt. office/Post
office should have internet connectivity?
If Yes, then how long your Government/Post
Office has been connected with internet.
Are you paying any cost for your connectivity?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
Yes ( ) No ( )
D.3. School
Respondent Name *
Mobile/Phone Number
Email Address
Gender * Male Female
D.3. Government Office
Respondent Name *
Mobile/Phone Number
Email Address
Gender * Male Female
30. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks30
ANNEXURE 5: OSAMA’S COLUMN ON BROADBAND, ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY
PUBLISHED AT LIVEMINT
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Published in
MON, NOV (17 2014)
MON, NOV (03 2014)
MON, OCT (27 2014)
MON, OCT (06 2014)
SUN, SEP (28 2014)
MON, JUL (07 2014)
SUN, JUN (15 2014)
MON, JUN (02 2014)
SUN, MAY (18 2014)
News
Smart villages before
smart cities
Zuckerberg, Facebook,
Internet.org and
Indian villages
Digital infrastructure
in panchayat villages
Undoing of IT labs in
schools
Towards Digital India:
One positive step at a
time
Broadband push raises
hopes
Bringing Internet to
villages
The connected world
of Jhamtse Gatsal
Osama Manzar | Taking
minorities on board
News
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/Xw9R1LObKb-
dORUQjHbG94J/Smart-vil-
lages-before-smart-cities.ht
ml?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/FBePf7xWFjQ3rxyQ3UDT
BI/Zuckerberg-Facebook-In-
ternetorg-and-Indian-vil-
lages.html
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/ZxH8C4VRZQgcV7KRdh-
pnHN/Digital-infrastructure-
in-panchayat-villages.html
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/TSf7gsuCUDdlsM8LKT-
gcpN/Undoing-of-IT-labs-
in-schools.html
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/7gK0XbQt0VRQVLHm41ZJ
ON/Towards-Digital-India-
One-positive-step-at-a-
time.html
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/Z387BiruNKVTQa1TGNdx
gM/Broadband-push-raises-
hopes.html
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/TQil2t6ZYHiKMWqY-
pOU50O/Bringing-Internet-
to-villages.html?utm_source
=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opi
nion/hvO3t6UZFGUJvjXRC6EuxL
/The-connected-world-of-
Jhamtse-
Gatsal.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opi
nion/FnhZ8l7eWJXG52PuRX-
IlZI/Osama-Manzar--Taking-
minorities-on-board.html?ut
m_source=copy
31. 31NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
S.NO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Published in
MON, MAY (12 2014)
SAT, JAN (04 2014)
MON, NOV (25 2013)
Mon, Jul (08 2013)
Sun, Jun (30 2013)
Mon, Jun (24 2013)
Mon, Jun (17 2013)
Sun, Jun (02 2013)
News
A digital inclusion
vision for next
government
New Year Ideas | Live
and work in a village
Let NGOs provide rural
Net services
Mobiles for social
change
Uttarakhand crisis
underlines community
radio’s importance
Broadband Internet’s
rural role
Move to mobile
governance
Tribal development
with digital inclusion
News
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/L4oBcDyegvs00s4j7csEH
O/A-digital-inclusion-vi-
sion-for-next-
govt.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Lei
sure/vecMn5hW6yxVR-
CBEEamXIO/New-Year-Ideas-
-Live-and-work-in-a-villag
e.html
http://www.livemint.com/Spe-
cials/Nvjt8MPtKbZYuMt5eLv7JI/Le
t-NGOs-provide-rural-Net-ser-
vices.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opini
on/VFWm6SnjiD5BnUVy7vJdDM/
Mobiles-for-social-
change.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opini
on/DaNUP0lpIPqbXmlmhawaJI/
Uttarakhand-crisis-underlines-
community-radios-impor-
tance.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opini
on/XOWcOGavkFlYOvMUGbk5QK/
Broadband-Internets-rural-
role.html?utm_source=copy
http://www.livemint.com/Opini
on/R7wrt21KLGLlB3BavN30wO/M
ove-to-mobile-
governance.html?utm_source=
copy
http://www.livemint.com/Op
inion/D690VlyjUVXGSpT3Hv-
MUFI/Tribal-development-
with-digital-inclusion.html?
utm_source=copy
32. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks32
ANNEXURE 6: ARTICLES RELATED TO BROADBAND, ACCESS & NOFN PUB-
LISHED AT NATIONAL NEWSPAPERS
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Published in
Andhra Pradesh
government plans
15 Mbps broadband
service at Rs
150/month
Sterlite to shut
broadband services
from February 12
Keralas Idukki First
District to Join NOFN
Videocon Telecom
to invest Rs 340
crore for ISP expan-
sion
Why India’s Pro-
posal at the ITU is
Troubling for Inter-
net Freedom (Part 1)
– CIS India
TRAI wants private
sector entry in
NOFN, promote
cable broadband &
others
You ambushed each
other, and now
you’re trying to get
someone else to
save you – Venky
Nishtala, CTO, Rediff
News
11 Jan, 2015
Jan 15, 2015
January 13 2015,
The Economic Times
January 7, 2015
October 30, 2014
September 26, 2014
August 7, 2014
News
http://economictimes.india-
times.com/arti-
cleshow/45840683.cms?inte
nttarget=no&utm_source=co
ntentofinterest&utm_mediu
m=text&utm_campaign=cpp
stutm_source=copyurce=cop
ym_source=copy
http://articles.economic-
times.indiatimes.com/2015-
01-15/news/58108987_1_sterl
ite-technologies-ltd-broad-
band-services-sterlite-net-
works
http://articles.economic-
times.indiatimes.com/2015-
01-13/news/58024200_1_first
-district-digital-india-
idukki
http://www.telecomlead.co
m/telecom-services/video-
con-telecom-invest-rs-340-
crore-isp-expansion-55266
http://www.medianama.co
m/2014/10/223-why-indias-
proposal-at-the-itu-is-
troubling-for-internet-freed
om-part-1-cis-india/
http://www.medianama.co
m/2014/09/223-trai-broad-
band-adoption-consulta-
tion/
http://www.medianama.co
m/2014/08/223-you-am-
bushed-each-other-and-
now-youre-trying-to-get-so
meone-else-to-save-you-
venky-nishtala-cto-rediff/
33. 33NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks
S.NO
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Published in
Govt to rope in pvt
bodies for OFC con-
nectivity
Special ISP Fees
Could Unlock Cable
Last Miles For
B’Band
DoT wants to make
Broadband Internet
a basic right in new
National Broad-
band Policy
ACT reveals new
brand identity,
claims largest non-
telecom ISP in India
with 5 lakh sub-
scribers
Broadband growth
rate just around 5
% between Feb-
Mar this year
TRAI gives recom-
mendation for re-
serve price per MHz
in 800 MHz band
Appreciable in-
crease in broad-
band subscribers
between May and
June this year
News
Sep 5, 2014
July 04, 2014
June 20, 2014
26 July, 2014
14 May, 2014
29 Nov, 2014
22 August, 2014
News
http://timesofindia.india-
times.com/city/delhi/Govt-
to-rope-in-pvt-bodies-for-
OFC-connectivity/arti-
cleshow/41749889.cms
http://www.lightreading.in/l
ightreadingindia/news-
analysis/296896/special-isp-
fees-unlock-cable-miles-b-
band?utm_source=refer-
rence_article
http://www.medianama.co
m/2014/06/223-dot-wants-
to-make-broadband-inter-
net-a-basic-right-in-new-n
ational-broadband-policy/
http://www.indiantelevi-
sion.com/iworld/broad-
band/act-reveals-new-bran
d-identity-claims-largest-
non-telecom-isp-in-india-
with-5-lakh-subscribers-14
0726
http://www.indiantelevi-
sion.com/regulators/trai/bro
adband-growth-rate-just-
around-5-between-feb-
mar-this-year-140514
http://www.indiantelevi-
sion.com/regulators/trai/trai
-gives-recommendation-
for-reserve-price-per-mhz-
in-800-mhz-band-141129
http://www.indiantelevi-
sion.com/regulators/trai/ap-
preciable-increase-in-broad
band-subscribers-between-
may-and-june-this-year-
140822
34. NOFN Status Study: A Review of the Pilot Blocks34
S.NO
15
16
17
18
Published in
Broadband users
rise to 82.22 million
in November
Google ready to
help India imple-
ment PM Modi’s
“Digital India” ini-
tiative
Broadband pene-
tration: Trai criti-
cises telecom
department deci-
sion to involve only
state-owned com-
panies
DoT asks state gov-
ernments to waive
right of way
charges for speed-
ing up NOFN rollout
News
09 Jan, 2015
Jan 15, 2015
Sep 26, 2014
Sep 2, 2014
News
http://www.indiantelevi-
sion.com/iworld/broad-
band/broadband-users-rise
-to-8222-million-in-no-
vember-150109
http://namastebharat.in/7449
/google-ready-to-help-
india-implement-pm-modis-
digital-india-initiative
http://articles.economic-
times.indiatimes.com/2014-
09-26/news/54353345_1_nofn
-project-digital-india-
bharat-broadband-networks
http://articles.economic-
times.indiatimes.com/2014-
09-02/news/53480148_1_nof
n-dot-digital-india-initia-
tive