The Knights of Columbus were founded in 1882 in New Haven, Connecticut by Catholic priest Michael McGivney to help widows and orphans. Starting small, the organization has grown to over 2 million members worldwide through their charitable works and Catholic fraternal brotherhood. The Knights provide life insurance to their members and donate over $150 million per year to charitable causes. Though once controversial, the Knights are now recognized for their contributions to both the Catholic Church and American society.
Part 2 of 4 lessons History of Christian Church
by Richard. C Close
Chrysalis Campaign Inc. An Eduction NGO
For Educational Purposes Only. Copyrights are noted on pape
African images copyright Richard C. Close
Website: www.Chrysaliscampaign.com
Join: https://www.linkedin.com/company/chrysalis-campaign-inc
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a. AnnotationsEach citation should be followed by a brief (about.docxannetnash8266
a. Annotations
Each citation should be followed by a brief (about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.Include one or more sentences that (a) summarize the content of the book or article, (b) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (c) compare or contrast this work with others you have cited, or (d) explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic. Each annotation does not need to include all four aspects, but the ideal annotation will. If needed, Cornell has a wonderful guide for evaluating and critically analyzing sources here: http://guides.library.cornell.edu/criticallyanalyzing
This is the only assignment this semester in which sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics matter. I highly encourage all of you to reread and revise your annotations multiple times to ensure mechanically sound and well written sentences. The writing center is a tremendous resource in this regard. They offer all kinds of support for students, including specific support for non-native English speakers. Please visit their website to see the resources available: http://www.temple.edu/writingctr/index.asp
The Baptist Convictions of Martin Luther King Jr 5
The Baptist Convictions of Martin Luther King Jr
(1929-1968)
Ί am many things to many people', Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledged
in 1965, in an article in the magazine Ebony, 'but in the quiet recesses of
my heart, I am fundamentally a clergyman, a Baptist preacher. This is my
being and my heritage for I am also the son of a Baptist preacher, the
grandson of a Baptist preacher and the great-grandson of a Baptist
preacher.'
1
In a great deal of King's own published work, and certainly in
much of the literature about him, his specifically Baptist convictions are not
prominent. He emphasised his indebtedness to a variety of academic
influences and in his non-violent campaigns he acknpwledged the influence
of well-known figures such as Gandhi. This enabled him to connect with a
wide range of people. It is also the case that the particular strand within
Baptist life which King represented - one marked by radical, socio-political
involvement - is one that has been somewhat overshadowed by the deeply
conservative political standpoint of some Baptist communities in the USA
in more recent decades. A Baptist who is strongly sympathetic to King, T.
Furman Hewitt, writing in 1998 about Baptists and ethics, spoke of the
common perception of Baptists as 'typically conservative'.
2
In one of his essays in Biography as Theology (first published in
1974), James Wm. McClendon, Jr., explored several different
interpretations of King. He noted that David L. Lewis, in King, A Critical
Biography, treated King as a gifted orator and populist politician who was
ignorant of political realities and was ultimately a failure.
3
Howev.
I tried to turn it in on the normal Turnitin.com thing but it said it was late when I pressed upload by 11:59 so I figured I'd show you that I have it done and that I'm not lying to you in the email I sent you.
Unit VII Discussion Board Need answered tonightImmigrati.docxdickonsondorris
Unit VII Discussion Board
Need answered tonight
Immigration was a hot topic during this time period, and it remains a hot topic today. In what ways does immigration continue to shape our nation? Elaborate on your conclusions thoroughly
Question 1
Popular sovereignty held that __________ should make decisions concerning slavery.
the federal government.
the state governments.
the president.
abolitionist reform groups.
Question 2
The idea that the United States was certain to spread across North America led to rapid expansion of the country during the 1840s and was known as:
Manifest Destiny.
nullification.
progressivism.
muckraking.
Question 3
The Central Pacific Railroad was built primarily by cheap labor from:
China.
Germany.
Ireland.
Mexico.
Question 4
Riots occurred against Irish immigrants in many American cities from the 1830s to 1850s primarily because they:
were poor.
supported abolition.
were Catholic.
were amassing great wealth.
Question 5
The various routes by which slaves sought freedom were collectively called:
the Oregon Trail.
slave codes.
the Underground Railroad.
the Liberator.
Question 6
The overland trail from Independence, Missouri to New Mexico was called the:
Oregon Trail.
Alamo Trail.
Santa Fe Trail.
Alabama Trail.
Question 7
The federal government sponsored many exploratory expeditions in the 1800s. One such expedition mapped the trails from Oregon to California and was led by:
Zebulon Pike.
Lewis and Clarke.
John C. Fremont.
Stephen Long.
Question 8
During the 1840s and 1850s most immigrants came from:
Canada and Mexico.
Spain and Ireland.
Germany and Russia.
Ireland and Germany.
Question 9
Which of the following was a leading reformer in the asylum movement?
Sarah Grimke
Dorothea Dix
Horace Mann
Theodore Weld
Question 10
Which of the following constituted the most likely cause of death on the overland trails?
Disease
Suicide
Indian attack
Cannibalism
Question 11
Place the events provided in the correct chronological order.
The Mexican American War begins.
The infamous Battle of the Alamo occurs.
Texans begin a revolt against the Mexican government.
Texas is annexed to the US as a slave state.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.
Question 12
Using Oregon as a model, identify and thoroughly detail the three usual stages of frontier development.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Question 13
Compare and contrast four reform movements of the era: temperance, public education, asylums, and feminism. Be sure to note key details in each concerning the origins, important leaders, objectives, and accomplishments.
Your response should be at least 200 words in leng ...
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
Part 2 of 4 lessons History of Christian Church
by Richard. C Close
Chrysalis Campaign Inc. An Eduction NGO
For Educational Purposes Only. Copyrights are noted on pape
African images copyright Richard C. Close
Website: www.Chrysaliscampaign.com
Join: https://www.linkedin.com/company/chrysalis-campaign-inc
More lessons at Facebook: fb.en/chrysalislessons
a. AnnotationsEach citation should be followed by a brief (about.docxannetnash8266
a. Annotations
Each citation should be followed by a brief (about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.Include one or more sentences that (a) summarize the content of the book or article, (b) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (c) compare or contrast this work with others you have cited, or (d) explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic. Each annotation does not need to include all four aspects, but the ideal annotation will. If needed, Cornell has a wonderful guide for evaluating and critically analyzing sources here: http://guides.library.cornell.edu/criticallyanalyzing
This is the only assignment this semester in which sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics matter. I highly encourage all of you to reread and revise your annotations multiple times to ensure mechanically sound and well written sentences. The writing center is a tremendous resource in this regard. They offer all kinds of support for students, including specific support for non-native English speakers. Please visit their website to see the resources available: http://www.temple.edu/writingctr/index.asp
The Baptist Convictions of Martin Luther King Jr 5
The Baptist Convictions of Martin Luther King Jr
(1929-1968)
Ί am many things to many people', Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledged
in 1965, in an article in the magazine Ebony, 'but in the quiet recesses of
my heart, I am fundamentally a clergyman, a Baptist preacher. This is my
being and my heritage for I am also the son of a Baptist preacher, the
grandson of a Baptist preacher and the great-grandson of a Baptist
preacher.'
1
In a great deal of King's own published work, and certainly in
much of the literature about him, his specifically Baptist convictions are not
prominent. He emphasised his indebtedness to a variety of academic
influences and in his non-violent campaigns he acknpwledged the influence
of well-known figures such as Gandhi. This enabled him to connect with a
wide range of people. It is also the case that the particular strand within
Baptist life which King represented - one marked by radical, socio-political
involvement - is one that has been somewhat overshadowed by the deeply
conservative political standpoint of some Baptist communities in the USA
in more recent decades. A Baptist who is strongly sympathetic to King, T.
Furman Hewitt, writing in 1998 about Baptists and ethics, spoke of the
common perception of Baptists as 'typically conservative'.
2
In one of his essays in Biography as Theology (first published in
1974), James Wm. McClendon, Jr., explored several different
interpretations of King. He noted that David L. Lewis, in King, A Critical
Biography, treated King as a gifted orator and populist politician who was
ignorant of political realities and was ultimately a failure.
3
Howev.
I tried to turn it in on the normal Turnitin.com thing but it said it was late when I pressed upload by 11:59 so I figured I'd show you that I have it done and that I'm not lying to you in the email I sent you.
Unit VII Discussion Board Need answered tonightImmigrati.docxdickonsondorris
Unit VII Discussion Board
Need answered tonight
Immigration was a hot topic during this time period, and it remains a hot topic today. In what ways does immigration continue to shape our nation? Elaborate on your conclusions thoroughly
Question 1
Popular sovereignty held that __________ should make decisions concerning slavery.
the federal government.
the state governments.
the president.
abolitionist reform groups.
Question 2
The idea that the United States was certain to spread across North America led to rapid expansion of the country during the 1840s and was known as:
Manifest Destiny.
nullification.
progressivism.
muckraking.
Question 3
The Central Pacific Railroad was built primarily by cheap labor from:
China.
Germany.
Ireland.
Mexico.
Question 4
Riots occurred against Irish immigrants in many American cities from the 1830s to 1850s primarily because they:
were poor.
supported abolition.
were Catholic.
were amassing great wealth.
Question 5
The various routes by which slaves sought freedom were collectively called:
the Oregon Trail.
slave codes.
the Underground Railroad.
the Liberator.
Question 6
The overland trail from Independence, Missouri to New Mexico was called the:
Oregon Trail.
Alamo Trail.
Santa Fe Trail.
Alabama Trail.
Question 7
The federal government sponsored many exploratory expeditions in the 1800s. One such expedition mapped the trails from Oregon to California and was led by:
Zebulon Pike.
Lewis and Clarke.
John C. Fremont.
Stephen Long.
Question 8
During the 1840s and 1850s most immigrants came from:
Canada and Mexico.
Spain and Ireland.
Germany and Russia.
Ireland and Germany.
Question 9
Which of the following was a leading reformer in the asylum movement?
Sarah Grimke
Dorothea Dix
Horace Mann
Theodore Weld
Question 10
Which of the following constituted the most likely cause of death on the overland trails?
Disease
Suicide
Indian attack
Cannibalism
Question 11
Place the events provided in the correct chronological order.
The Mexican American War begins.
The infamous Battle of the Alamo occurs.
Texans begin a revolt against the Mexican government.
Texas is annexed to the US as a slave state.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.
Question 12
Using Oregon as a model, identify and thoroughly detail the three usual stages of frontier development.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Question 13
Compare and contrast four reform movements of the era: temperance, public education, asylums, and feminism. Be sure to note key details in each concerning the origins, important leaders, objectives, and accomplishments.
Your response should be at least 200 words in leng ...
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
1. The Knights of Columbus are a Roman Catholic men’s fraternity whose aim is to help their neighbor. The story of the Knights is a telling symbol of perseverance and execution of goals, but also the deeper story reveals the rivets that masked much of what America had faced in its pre-World War era and what many groups faced during the course of their organization. Its inception was small, but its impact will remain unforgettable. The small group of men in the basement of the Church that founded the order 125 years ago reveals the community that persists today in the vision of missionary goals and social endeavors.<br />The founder of this vast organization is Michael Joseph McGivney, who was born in 1852 as the oldest of 13 children in Waterbury, Connecticut. His dad was an Irish immigrant working in the booming brass industry, which at the time Connecticut was the world capital of. Patrick McGivney, he was named, was a part of the waves of Irish immigration who worked molding brass in high heat and fumes. Not only did Michael bring his craft with him he, like many others who immigrated, brought Roman Catholicism and that’s why there is a spike in the religion’s strength in the nineteenth century. Thirteen attempts at children by the McGivney’s were made yet only 7 remained, Michael had 4 little sisters and 2 brothers. Most of the others died in their infancy. This early grip on sorrow and poverty revealed to McGivney at a young age that love, faith and family fortitude are the cornerstones to a strong and healthy life.<br />Early on Fr. McGivney was schooled by Bishop Tom Hendricken at the “East Main Street School”, an arrangement in the St. Peter’s Church basement they had arranged to educate the youth of the brassworkers in Waterbury. Aged 13 years, McGivney finished his education unprecedentedly early, and knew that he wanted to be a priest. Prior to ever reaching a seminary he worked for 3 years producing spoons. In 1868 he reached St. Hyacinthe, a Quebec seminary he soon left for St. Mary’s College for 2 academic years of seminary classes. His father Patrick died in 1873.<br />One of the biggest problems facing the booming brass industry residents was the shortened life span set back by these rigorous industries. The Knights set out to correct these mishaps in a family’s life and intercede as an insurance company for the widowed and orphaned, making them one of the most affordable such sources for those who meet their criteria. As an insurance source the Knights grew throughout the 20th century.<br />Although not ‘secret’ from the public, its secretive rites and procedures secured it as interesting to the higher authorities for which it stood. “Secret societies were officially condemned by the Pope in 1738” (Axelrod), a fact the bold young priest from Connecticut ignored throughout the entirety of his groups annexation of members from the church, even though remaining in both was the modus operandi. Fraternal orders are often found to follow the same rules but if there is one overbearing rule it would be that there are no absolutes when it comes to these secret societies. Secrecy is a key component to them all, but there is usually secondarily a ritual or initiation rite that is used to maintain the mystery of the order. Built into the rite, it is common that the secrecy is conferred or passed down to share a sense of belonging. There are 7 aims of Orders and McGivney’s Knights register our categorization outline provided by “The International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders” as social because of its degrees of Knighthood. In earlier Knighthoods the aristocracy saw degrees of knighthood as platforms for social clubs and significant of various involvement. (Axelrod.)<br /> On 9 January 1882 Michael J. McGivney called together the preliminary meetings of the group that would become known as the Knights of Columbus for the purpose of helping the underprivileged families of the time, namely orphans and widows. The name “Knights of Columbus” beat out the alternative name “Sons of Columbus” and that’s what was put on the charter of the organization, a vote harkening back to their patriarchal militant group, the Red Knights, who fought in the Civil War. The charter from the State of Connecticut came for the newly planned insurance organization and was delivered in the year 1882; Fr. McGivney was 29. He was raised in a mill town in the revolutionary region along the rivers stretching across the area, the fertile piedmont of the textile and industrial revolutions. It was the families of these industries, and especially those working in the brass industry of Connecticut at the time. <br />His ministry was primarily in the vein of his own exposure to the darker aspects of life early on such as death, poverty, and sorrow: it was family oriented. This is a basic example of his early life clearly being steered by his ministry. He saw alcoholism as a problem not only to the abuser but those he was to be caring for, and as the spike in secret societies peaked McGivney thought an organization could be well used. He joined St. Joseph’s Total Abstinence and Literary Society, but still had the need to found the Knights of Columbus on 29 March 1882 with members of his parish.<br />McGivney’s involvement with his organization soon dropped but not without good reason Later in life following the foundation McGivney saw the need structurally for him to serve only as chaplain of the Knights of Columbus. From 1884 to his death from the flu on 14 August 1890 the Knights came second to him from his ministry within the church. His reassignment from St. Mary’s parish to St. Thomas in Thomaston, CT consumed him as he took on the parish’s debt problems for people with “few resources behind their faith;” they were underprivileged. He remained however at St. Mary’s as an extreme chaplain. (Devotion)<br />The clergy eventually took to the group for the protection and the security of widows was accepted across 68 districts nationally. Admirably, it retains $450 million today to disburse to the poor widows and unfortunate orphans of its members. Officially, Pope John Paul II spoke to the members of the Order, “In fidelity to the vision of Father McGivney, may you continue to seek new ways of being a leaven of the Gospel in the world and a spiritual force for the renewal of the Church in holiness, unity and truth.” (His Legacy: The Knights of Columbus) This shows the renewed sense of Fr. McGivney’s mission in the new millennium from a higher order of power, a nice reversal from a little over a hundred years ago when the clergy were heavy pressed to fight the uprise of organization’s such as Michael’s because of the Pope’s 1738 decree. What we also see here is a force of renewal with a unified vision among men.<br />The history of the Knights of Columbus has been pushing the boundaries through forces of good: church and society. The immigrant men who founded it led by a visionary priest took to the spirit of their time and made the organization. Its longevity may also be attributed to these two facts: Its appeal is timeless, its goals are for eternity(History). After the Civil War, a lot of the Protestants were persecuted for not being ‘American’ enough. Many of the groups that fought in the war used red knapsacks and later banded together as the Red Knights when it came time to protect themselves from the oppression of allegations resembling treason. From these Red Knights, Fr. McGivney drew and informed his own collaboration to its form and purpose. Before this, religion was seen as scorned and suspicious when terms of patriotism were brought to the table. This time around, the practical additional value of citizenship was added to the spiritual value the church offered. At the same time, churches were more and more being left for secret societies because of the spirit of the times. The Order gave many of its members the ability to be “proudly American and defiantly Catholic.”(History) The prime theme was how to be a Catholic in America. It is now 125 years old and its name links its country with religion. It was an unassailable fact that Columbus’ descendents were entitled the same freedom to worship religion freely. The Order paid its first life insiurance policy out in 1885 and also had around 1000 members. The self entityship of the Knights finally pushed through during the 1898 Spanish American War. The Catholic Church took an official stance against the war but the Knights out of national duty proclaimed the war was a necessity to the American cause. Taking a stand was an essential part to being a Catholic man, and it was this defiance of the clergy that really helped shape the organization outside the church in a secular realm. In 1905 clerical opposition to the group melted away and there were councils in every state. The organization became a presence against international anti-church sentiment especially in the Mexican region. There was a memorial to Columbus dedicated in 1912 near Washington, D.C. At the ceremonies were President Taft, Supreme Court justices, and Congress as well as a number of Knights such as the Supreme Knight James Flaherty. History soon recognized that anti-Catholic sentiment was because of the immigration waves leading to World War I. The Knights respectfully fought back with libel suits, lecture tours, and commissions on racial prejudice. The sentiment from the knights became a memory of the war: “Everybody Welcome, Everything Free”(History). It is a testament to the charity of the group.<br /> Its large growth through the social revolutions can be attributed to the outreach and social involvement programs the Knights have included in their fraternal organization. Its growth can also be attributed to its ties with the Anti-communist movement and its addition of the Fourth Degree in 1900 when it was submerged in anti-Catholic sentiment. This degree was intended to show the benevolent outreach of the Knights and the social involvement that was expected from the developed members of the group. Its prosperity continued through two world wars and in the 60s and 70s proceeded to help the unfortunate especially through its work with the deaf. In 1968 it absorbed the Catholic Benevolent Region of Brooklyn, NY. (Schmidt.) Although its mission in the new century may have changed in the form it took and the roles it provided the widowed and orphaned it interacts with, the same vision of Fr. McGivney shone through in its readiness to collaborate together for the common good of the participants.<br />Although it has been many years, in 1997 Archbishop Daniel Cronin of Connecticut opened a Diocesan investigation whereby Pope Benedict XVI declared Michael McGivney venerable in the Roman Catholic Church for his heroic virtue in founding the Knights. He is currently waiting to be beautified.<br />Stemming from the goals of Columbia are the Principles of the Knights of Columbus, which are practical and recognizably simple, as was the life of its founder. Knights find strength in solidarity, security through unity of purpose and devotion to a holy cause. They vow to defend country, family, and faith. These are corollaries from the highly regarded virtues of charity, unity, fraternity and patriotism. Bound together by Christopher Columbus, the organization highlights the Christian ideals of manifest destiny and exploration that brought Europe to the New World. Early on the Order was called “the Strong Right Arm of the Church.”(Growth of the Knights of Columbus.) Praise has come from Popes, Presidents, and other worlds leaders. Knights have been lauded for Church support, civic involvement, Catholic Education, Evangelization programs and giving aid to the needy. Their Principles are core to the Knights’ Mission, they are Charity, Unity, Fraternity and Patriotism. Charity is exhibited through food drives, soup kitchens and the Special Olympics. They are pro-life, included in their mission is a provision that pro-life means to not only support life materially but also spiritually. A Knight’s Mission and Faith in God compels him to action. They view helping the needy as the best way to experience compassion and love. Unity is seen through the encouragement of Brother Knights. The obvious benefit to this principle is the simple fact that you accomplish more working together than you would individually. Fraternity is largely built in the vein of Unity, that it is largely a reason to assist and provide aid to those that need a Knight’s attention. Patriotism is the global principle: Knights are asked to show devotion to God and country and stand up for both. Publicly or privately the organization tries to show that Catholics are among the world’s best citizens.<br />The structural organization the Knights of Columbus implements is a Supreme Council, the national council responsible for the development nationally and to share the Order with new regions and install their authorities. Supreme defines and advances the values, goals and directives and undertakes organization wide activities and initiatives, as well as promoting the Knights globally. They are also in the business of protecting families as a result of their insurance program.<br />As an Order the Knights of Columbus have done well in their aims to aid the poor, orphaned and widowed through their insurance policy program for their members. As a social group they have excelled too, with over 68 districts nationally and 1.8 million members (History). Fr. Michael J. McGivney’s founded organization was a feat, and now at over 125 years of duration will continue their charitable works for generations to come.<br />