The document discusses using mushrooms and mycoscaping in urban landscapes. It describes how mushrooms can convert waste inputs like wood chips, coffee grounds, and agricultural waste into useful outputs like food, medicine, and ecological restoration. It discusses principles of mycoscaping like experimenting to find the right balance between sterile and wild mushroom cultivation techniques, intercepting local waste streams for fungal processing, supporting local spawn producers and regional mushroom strains, and integrating mushroom cultivation into landscapes to tighten nutrient cycles and produce food and medicine in urban areas.
MINIATURIZED CYLINDER HEAD PRODUCTION BY RAPID PROTOTYPINGRodrigo Melo
Abstract. This work shows the development of the design and manufacturing of a very small engine, namely its head.
The engine works under the 4-stroke cycle, therefore having a very complex cylinder head, housing the camshaft,
valves and its auxiliaries (seats, guides, springs), spark plug, inlet and exhaust passages and a coolant chamber. The
geometries, both inner and outer are highly intricate which makes the production of such a part a very difficult job. In
addition, when the engine is very small, as it is the case of this engine, all dimensions are miniaturized therefore
making it extremely difficult to design, cast and finish. The cooling chamber, in particular, has a critical inner core
removal problem due to reduced accessibility, imposing casting limitations. The cores place also a problem of air and
gas removal during metal filling and solidification. Rapid prototyping may be the only solution to build the cores, and
may help in the design and manufacturing phases of the casting tools. 3D printing with a plaster based material as a
rapid prototyping technique presents itself as a tool to drastically reduce the design-development-casting process effort
and time cycle. This technique enables the designer to obtain new moulds for castings on the shortest time possible,
following redesign and new casting simulations. This paper illustrates the various tasks involved in the design and
development stages leading to the production of a running prototype of the cylinder head for this small engine.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
MINIATURIZED CYLINDER HEAD PRODUCTION BY RAPID PROTOTYPINGRodrigo Melo
Abstract. This work shows the development of the design and manufacturing of a very small engine, namely its head.
The engine works under the 4-stroke cycle, therefore having a very complex cylinder head, housing the camshaft,
valves and its auxiliaries (seats, guides, springs), spark plug, inlet and exhaust passages and a coolant chamber. The
geometries, both inner and outer are highly intricate which makes the production of such a part a very difficult job. In
addition, when the engine is very small, as it is the case of this engine, all dimensions are miniaturized therefore
making it extremely difficult to design, cast and finish. The cooling chamber, in particular, has a critical inner core
removal problem due to reduced accessibility, imposing casting limitations. The cores place also a problem of air and
gas removal during metal filling and solidification. Rapid prototyping may be the only solution to build the cores, and
may help in the design and manufacturing phases of the casting tools. 3D printing with a plaster based material as a
rapid prototyping technique presents itself as a tool to drastically reduce the design-development-casting process effort
and time cycle. This technique enables the designer to obtain new moulds for castings on the shortest time possible,
following redesign and new casting simulations. This paper illustrates the various tasks involved in the design and
development stages leading to the production of a running prototype of the cylinder head for this small engine.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
2. Mycoscaping
Mushrooms in the Urban Landscape
Rafter Sass • E C O P H I L O S
for Port Quincy
Bedford-Stuyvesant, NY
September 26, 2009
Ecological Learning Institute • E C O P H I L O S • Liberation Ecology Project
Permaculture Across Borders • Food Security Roundtable
3. Mycoscaping
Mushrooms in the Urban Landscape
Rafter Sass • E C O P H I L O S
for Port Quincy
Bedford-Stuyvesant, NY
September 26, 2009
Ecological Learning Institute • E C O P H I L O S • Liberation Ecology Project
Permaculture Across Borders • Food Security Roundtable
8. f u n g a l
WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
alchemy
9. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
f u n g a l
alchemy
10. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
f u n g a l
alchemy
11. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
alchemy
12. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
alchemy
13. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
alchemy
14. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated
waste mgt.
alchemy
15. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated
waste mgt.
alchemy
Waste from beer industry
16. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated
waste mgt.
alchemy
Waste from beer industry
Waste from coffee industry
17. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated
waste mgt.
alchemy
Waste from beer industry
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
18. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated
waste mgt.
alchemy
Waste from beer industry
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
19. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
20. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production Animal feed
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
21. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production Animal feed
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Ecological Synergy
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
22. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production Animal feed
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
FOOD
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Ecological Synergy
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ?
23. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production Animal feed
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
FOOD
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Ecological Synergy
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ? What else?
29. Other SustainableYields...
Pest biocontrols
Food processing
Plant crop symbiosis
Blight protection
Degradation of toxins
30. Other SustainableYields...
Pest biocontrols
Food processing
Plant crop symbiosis
Blight protection
Degradation of toxins
Dyes
31. Other SustainableYields...
Pest biocontrols
Food processing
Plant crop symbiosis
Blight protection
Degradation of toxins
Dyes
Fabric & paper
32. Other SustainableYields...
Pest biocontrols
Food processing
Plant crop symbiosis
Blight protection
Degradation of toxins
Dyes
Fabric & paper
Tinder
82. WASTE USEFUL
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Waste from forest
management Medicine
Waste from grain and hay f u n g a l
production Animal feed
Waste from animal
husbandry
Waste from other agriculture
FOOD
Waste from integrated Ecological
waste mgt.
alchemy Restoration
Waste from beer industry
Ecological Synergy
Waste from coffee industry
Wastes from... ? What else?
smart like a
honey mushroom...
117. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
118. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
119. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
120. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
121. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
High
Energy Inputs
Low
122. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
High
Energy Inputs
Low
High
Amount of Management Required Low/None
123. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
High
Energy Inputs
Low
High
Amount of Management Required Low/None
High
Predictability / Reliability
Low
124. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
High
Energy Inputs
Low
High
Amount of Management Required Low/None
High
Predictability / Reliability
Low
High
Yields for Human Use
Low
125. From Sterile to Wild Culture
Sterile Wild
MYCOSCAPING
High
Fragility
Low
Low
Resilience
High
Low
Species & Genetic Diversity
High
High
Capital & Infrastructure Low
High
Energy Inputs
Low
High
Amount of Management Required Low/None
High
Predictability / Reliability
Low
High
Yields for Human Use
Low
140. Principles and Directives
I N N OVAT I O N
Experiment and document
Find the sweet spot on sterile-wild spectrum
141. Principles and Directives
I N N OVAT I O N
Experiment and document
Find the sweet spot on sterile-wild spectrum
BIOCONVERSION
Fungal exosymbionts:
Intercept a local surplus or ‘waste’ stream
142. Principles and Directives
I N N OVAT I O N
Experiment and document
Find the sweet spot on sterile-wild spectrum
BIOCONVERSION
Fungal exosymbionts:
Intercept a local surplus or ‘waste’ stream
GO REGIONAL
Support local spawn producers
Propagate regional strains
143. Principles and Directives
I N N OVAT I O N
Experiment and document
Find the sweet spot on sterile-wild spectrum
BIOCONVERSION
Fungal exosymbionts:
Intercept a local surplus or ‘waste’ stream
GO REGIONAL
Support local spawn producers
Propagate regional strains
LANDSCAPE SYNERGY
Integrate components to tighten nutrient cycles
Accelerate decomposition
Produce food and medicine everywhere
First show up ~1.5 bil BP • Established ~400 mil BP
Estimated 1.5 million species
~90,000 species named • ~7,000 species cultured
So that’s our ancestry - let’s look at what our relationship has been like more recently
First show up ~1.5 bil BP • Established ~400 mil BP
Estimated 1.5 million species
~90,000 species named • ~7,000 species cultured
So that’s our ancestry - let’s look at what our relationship has been like more recently
First show up ~1.5 bil BP • Established ~400 mil BP
Estimated 1.5 million species
~90,000 species named • ~7,000 species cultured
So that’s our ancestry - let’s look at what our relationship has been like more recently
First show up ~1.5 bil BP • Established ~400 mil BP
Estimated 1.5 million species
~90,000 species named • ~7,000 species cultured
So that’s our ancestry - let’s look at what our relationship has been like more recently
Compared to history of domestication of other kingdoms...
1500 vs. 10,000
Very exciting time to be working with fungi!
These ants & termites use fungi the way ruminants, and other termite species use bacteria
Endosymbiont vs. exosymbiont
Society as an organism
Pc = learning from wild nature
We diverge from wild nature because we are pushing ecosystems
So we look for the roles that fungi play in wild ecosystems
PLUS MANY ‘fungi imperfecti’
w/o fruiting bodies
Tighten nutrient cycles • Acquire nutrients from saprophytic fungi
Food source for vertebrates and soil food web • Contribute to soil structure, mechanically (a little) and glomulin
Alter quantity and quality of soil carbon
“The decomposition of lignocellulose is probably the single most important degradative event in the Earth's carbon cycle.”
About 2200 acres in size
Up to 8500 years old
in Malheur National Forest in Eastern Oregon
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
our exosymbionts
We need to get smart like that Armillaria, smart like those termites
non-mycorrhizal symbiosis
Recalcitrant carbon - many contaminant compounds have similar bonds to lignin
External digestion
1. Physical: penetration, high surface-to-cell ratio
2. Extracellular: higher concentration of toxics,
insoluble compounds (allows fungi to chew more than they can bite off,)
3. Signaling independent of toxin, and non-specific
Non-specific methods for degrading lignin
Enzyme driven
More well studied
Cellulose and hemicellulose
Not as well studied
spawn or bulk substrate mixed with contaminated substrate
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated phenols, nitroaromatics, dyes and many other environmental toxins have been biotransformed or mineralized by P. chrysosporium, sometimes in complex mixtures of xenobiotics
DDT, TNT
Science in it’s infancy
BRAINSTORM: why are they suited for the urban landscape?
creating soil -- remediating soil -- food everywhere --
abundant waste streams --