VIDEO COMPRESSION &VIDEO COMPRESSION &
MPEGMPEG
0992970-0992970- 楊凱翔楊凱翔
0992969-0992969- 林江瑜林江瑜
0992965-0992965- 連重凱連重凱
OutlineOutline
• VIDEO COMPRESSIONVIDEO COMPRESSION
– VIDEO CODING BASICSVIDEO CODING BASICS
– MOTION COMPENSATIONMOTION COMPENSATION
• MPEG FAMILYMPEG FAMILY
– MPEG-1 VIDEO standardMPEG-1 VIDEO standard
– MPEG-2 VIDEO standardMPEG-2 VIDEO standard
– MPEG-4MPEG-4
– H.264H.264
– MPEG-7MPEG-7
VIDEO COMPRESSIONVIDEO COMPRESSION
• Why do we use compression?Why do we use compression?
– Temporal RedundancyTemporal Redundancy
– Spatial RedundancySpatial Redundancy
time
x
y
Two Stage Coding ProcessTwo Stage Coding Process
Stage 1
Stage 2
Reducing TemporalReducing Temporal
RedundancyRedundancy
• Segment a frame into macroblocks, notSegment a frame into macroblocks, not
search by pixelssearch by pixels
• Output energy( bit rate) is increased withOutput energy( bit rate) is increased with
the degree of temporal redundancythe degree of temporal redundancy
• Interframe coderInterframe coder ( only use temporal( only use temporal
redundancy reduction)redundancy reduction)
Reducing Spatial RedundancyReducing Spatial Redundancy
• Using DCT codingUsing DCT coding
• Intraframe coderIntraframe coder (use only spatial(use only spatial
redundancy reduction, only for currentredundancy reduction, only for current
frame)frame)
• Hybrid( intra-/ inter - frame) coding methodHybrid( intra-/ inter - frame) coding method
Motion CompensationMotion Compensation
• Often used andOften used and
developed bydeveloped by
MPEG familyMPEG family
• 將相鄰的將相鄰的 frameframe 中中
出現的移動物件進出現的移動物件進
行互相補償的過程行互相補償的過程
,因為該物件移動,因為該物件移動
範圍不大且形狀在範圍不大且形狀在
短時間內不易變動短時間內不易變動
• It is preceded byIt is preceded by
motion estimationmotion estimation
Motion Vector
Search Range
Current Frame
Reference Frame
Ω
MPEG-1 IntroductionMPEG-1 Introduction
• DCT for intra- and inter- framesDCT for intra- and inter- frames
• Block-based motion compensationBlock-based motion compensation
• Huffman CodingHuffman Coding
• Source input format : YUV, why not RGBSource input format : YUV, why not RGB
• Y : luminance component(Y : luminance component( 亮度亮度 ))
• U(Cb), V(Cr) : color difference orU(Cb), V(Cr) : color difference or
chrominance componentchrominance component (色差)(色差)
MPEG-1 Picture TypeMPEG-1 Picture Type
• Intra-Picture( I )Intra-Picture( I )
• Predicted- Pictures( P )Predicted- Pictures( P )
• Bidirectional-Predicted-Picture( B )Bidirectional-Predicted-Picture( B )
MPEG-2MPEG-2
• 與與 MPEG-1MPEG-1 通用通用
• Difference from MPEG-1Difference from MPEG-1
– 好很多的畫質好很多的畫質
– 更多的輸入格式更多的輸入格式 ( ex: RGB, more YUV form)( ex: RGB, more YUV form)
– 在雙向傳輸時有較短的在雙向傳輸時有較短的 delay timedelay time
– Higher bit rateHigher bit rate
– We can adjust our pictures qualityWe can adjust our pictures quality
MPEG-4MPEG-4
• 針對整合多媒體、通訊、電腦之應用上,具體內針對整合多媒體、通訊、電腦之應用上,具體內
容則是以內容為基礎容則是以內容為基礎 (Content-based)(Content-based) 的應用上。的應用上。
• 將影片區分為前景及背景將影片區分為前景及背景(( Object-BasedObject-Based )),只,只
要記錄動態圖像的軌跡即可,因此在壓縮量及品要記錄動態圖像的軌跡即可,因此在壓縮量及品
質上,能較質上,能較 MPEG-1MPEG-1 及及 MPEG-2MPEG-2 來得更好,每秒來得更好,每秒
動態資料處理速率彈性更大。動態資料處理速率彈性更大。
Some MPEG-4 Video FeatureSome MPEG-4 Video Feature
• SegmentationSegmentation
• SpriteSprite
• TrackingTracking
MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4
一般解析度
最大解析度
一般資料量
最大資料量
Mpeg-1
Mpeg-2
Mpeg-4
3Mbps
80Mbps
5~10Mbps
0.88Mbps
6.5Mbps
1.38Mbps
720X576
1920X1152
352X288
720X576
720X576
352X288
MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4
 
 
 
影像規格影像規格 Mpeg-1Mpeg-1 Mpeg-2Mpeg-2 Mpeg-4Mpeg-4
壓縮能力壓縮能力 中中 中中 強強
檔案大小檔案大小 中中 大大 小小
影像品質影像品質 可可 很好很好 可至很好可至很好
網路傳輸網路傳輸 勉強勉強 不可能不可能 最佳化 最佳化 

Mpeg family

  • 1.
    VIDEO COMPRESSION &VIDEOCOMPRESSION & MPEGMPEG 0992970-0992970- 楊凱翔楊凱翔 0992969-0992969- 林江瑜林江瑜 0992965-0992965- 連重凱連重凱
  • 2.
    OutlineOutline • VIDEO COMPRESSIONVIDEOCOMPRESSION – VIDEO CODING BASICSVIDEO CODING BASICS – MOTION COMPENSATIONMOTION COMPENSATION • MPEG FAMILYMPEG FAMILY – MPEG-1 VIDEO standardMPEG-1 VIDEO standard – MPEG-2 VIDEO standardMPEG-2 VIDEO standard – MPEG-4MPEG-4 – H.264H.264 – MPEG-7MPEG-7
  • 3.
    VIDEO COMPRESSIONVIDEO COMPRESSION •Why do we use compression?Why do we use compression? – Temporal RedundancyTemporal Redundancy – Spatial RedundancySpatial Redundancy time x y
  • 4.
    Two Stage CodingProcessTwo Stage Coding Process Stage 1 Stage 2
  • 5.
    Reducing TemporalReducing Temporal RedundancyRedundancy •Segment a frame into macroblocks, notSegment a frame into macroblocks, not search by pixelssearch by pixels • Output energy( bit rate) is increased withOutput energy( bit rate) is increased with the degree of temporal redundancythe degree of temporal redundancy • Interframe coderInterframe coder ( only use temporal( only use temporal redundancy reduction)redundancy reduction)
  • 6.
    Reducing Spatial RedundancyReducingSpatial Redundancy • Using DCT codingUsing DCT coding • Intraframe coderIntraframe coder (use only spatial(use only spatial redundancy reduction, only for currentredundancy reduction, only for current frame)frame) • Hybrid( intra-/ inter - frame) coding methodHybrid( intra-/ inter - frame) coding method
  • 7.
    Motion CompensationMotion Compensation •Often used andOften used and developed bydeveloped by MPEG familyMPEG family • 將相鄰的將相鄰的 frameframe 中中 出現的移動物件進出現的移動物件進 行互相補償的過程行互相補償的過程 ,因為該物件移動,因為該物件移動 範圍不大且形狀在範圍不大且形狀在 短時間內不易變動短時間內不易變動 • It is preceded byIt is preceded by motion estimationmotion estimation Motion Vector Search Range Current Frame Reference Frame Ω
  • 8.
    MPEG-1 IntroductionMPEG-1 Introduction •DCT for intra- and inter- framesDCT for intra- and inter- frames • Block-based motion compensationBlock-based motion compensation • Huffman CodingHuffman Coding • Source input format : YUV, why not RGBSource input format : YUV, why not RGB • Y : luminance component(Y : luminance component( 亮度亮度 )) • U(Cb), V(Cr) : color difference orU(Cb), V(Cr) : color difference or chrominance componentchrominance component (色差)(色差)
  • 9.
    MPEG-1 Picture TypeMPEG-1Picture Type • Intra-Picture( I )Intra-Picture( I ) • Predicted- Pictures( P )Predicted- Pictures( P ) • Bidirectional-Predicted-Picture( B )Bidirectional-Predicted-Picture( B )
  • 10.
    MPEG-2MPEG-2 • 與與 MPEG-1MPEG-1通用通用 • Difference from MPEG-1Difference from MPEG-1 – 好很多的畫質好很多的畫質 – 更多的輸入格式更多的輸入格式 ( ex: RGB, more YUV form)( ex: RGB, more YUV form) – 在雙向傳輸時有較短的在雙向傳輸時有較短的 delay timedelay time – Higher bit rateHigher bit rate – We can adjust our pictures qualityWe can adjust our pictures quality
  • 11.
    MPEG-4MPEG-4 • 針對整合多媒體、通訊、電腦之應用上,具體內針對整合多媒體、通訊、電腦之應用上,具體內 容則是以內容為基礎容則是以內容為基礎 (Content-based)(Content-based)的應用上。的應用上。 • 將影片區分為前景及背景將影片區分為前景及背景(( Object-BasedObject-Based )),只,只 要記錄動態圖像的軌跡即可,因此在壓縮量及品要記錄動態圖像的軌跡即可,因此在壓縮量及品 質上,能較質上,能較 MPEG-1MPEG-1 及及 MPEG-2MPEG-2 來得更好,每秒來得更好,每秒 動態資料處理速率彈性更大。動態資料處理速率彈性更大。
  • 12.
    Some MPEG-4 VideoFeatureSome MPEG-4 Video Feature • SegmentationSegmentation • SpriteSprite • TrackingTracking
  • 13.
    MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2vs. MPEG-4MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4 一般解析度 最大解析度 一般資料量 最大資料量 Mpeg-1 Mpeg-2 Mpeg-4 3Mbps 80Mbps 5~10Mbps 0.88Mbps 6.5Mbps 1.38Mbps 720X576 1920X1152 352X288 720X576 720X576 352X288
  • 14.
    MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2vs. MPEG-4MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-4       影像規格影像規格 Mpeg-1Mpeg-1 Mpeg-2Mpeg-2 Mpeg-4Mpeg-4 壓縮能力壓縮能力 中中 中中 強強 檔案大小檔案大小 中中 大大 小小 影像品質影像品質 可可 很好很好 可至很好可至很好 網路傳輸網路傳輸 勉強勉強 不可能不可能 最佳化 最佳化