1. The document discusses strategies for motivating patients to change unhealthy behaviors through the principles of motivational interviewing. It describes motivational interviewing as a technique that involves expressing empathy, developing discrepancy between current behaviors and goals, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy. 2. Key models of how people change are reviewed, including the stages of change model which identifies pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance as stages in the process of behavior change. 3. Specific strategies are provided to motivate change through setting simple goals, providing education, making community connections, hosting workshops, assigning homework, keeping in touch with patients, and eliminating obstacles to change.

1. How to motivate your Patients
1
Dr. Elhadi Miskeen, MBBS, MD,FAIMER,TUFH
University of Bisha , College of Medicine
May 2022
Motivational interviewing

2. Content
and
objectives
2
How to motivate your patient
Key Points about Change
Understanding How People Change: Models
Stages of Change
Principles of Motivational Interviewing

3. Key Points about Change
1. Change is difficult and not always comfortable
2. It is easier to stay the same
3. We tend to go back to old ways
4. Change requires creativity
5. Change requires an open mind
6. Change has emotional and cognitive components
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

4. Key Points about Change
7. Change happens over time
8. The process is as important as the result
9. Often there is a difference between what someone knows they should do and there
readiness to do it.
10. Greatest chance to impact change is pairing it to the specific stage of change.

5. Understanding
How People
Change: Models
l Traditional approach
l Motivating for change

6. Traditional approach
Conventional approaches to change
management underestimate this point.
Change has no Start and End Points.
— Traditional change initiatives realise change
as a kind of project. Projects have by definition
a certain start and an end. Conventional change
projects are plan-driven and revolutionary.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

7. Another approach: Motivating
People are ambivalent about
change
People continue their unhealthy
behavior ( ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ر‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺿ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ) because
of their ambivalence
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

8. Ambivalence
Ambivalence: Feeling two ways about
something.
• All change contains an element
of ambivalence.
• Resolving ambivalence in the
direction of change is a key
element of motivational
interviewing
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

9. Stages of Change
Recognising the need to change and understanding
how to change doesn’t happen all at once. It usually
takes time and patience.
People often go through a series of “stages” as they
begin to recognise that they have a problem.

10. Understanding How
People Change-5 STEPS
Stages of Change
• Five stages of change have been
conceptualized for a variety of problem
behaviors.
• The five stages of change are:
• precontemplation
• Contemplation
• Preparation
• action
• and maintenance.
• Precontemplation is the stage at which
there is no intention to change behavior in
the foreseeable future.

11. Stages of Change

12. Motivational Cycle and Stages of Change
Precontemplation Contemplation
Action
Maintenance
Lapse
or
Relapse
Planning

13. First Stage: Pre-contemplation
People at this stage:
Are unaware of any problem
related to them (their drug use).
Are unconcerned about their
drug-use
Ignore anyone else’s belief that
they are doing something harmful
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

14. Second Stage:
Contemplation
People at this stage are considering whether or
not to change:
They enjoy using drugs, but
They are sometimes worried about the
increasing difficulties the use is causing.
They are constantly debating with themselves
whether or not they have a problem.

15. Third Stage:
Determination/Preparation
People at this stage are deciding how
they are going to change
They may be ready to change their
behaviour
They are getting ready to make the
change
It may take a long time to move to the
next stage (action).

16. Fourth Stage:
Action
People at this stage:
Have begun the process of changing
Need help identifying realistic steps,
high-risk situations, and new coping
strategies

17. Fifth Stage:
Maintenance
People in this stage:
• Have made a
change and
• Are working on
maintaining the
change

18. Relapse
People at this stage have
reinitiated the identified
behaviour.
• People usually make several
attempts to quit before
being successful.
• The process of changing is
rarely the same in
subsequent attempts. Each
attempt incorporates new
information gained from the
previous attempts.

19. Relapse
Someone who has relapsed
is NOT a failure!
Relapse is part of the changing
process. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

20. Stages of
Change

21. Principles of Motivational
Interviewing
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

22. Principles of Motivational
Interviewing
Motivational interviewing is founded on 4 basic
principles:
• Express empathy
• Develop discrepancy
• Roll with resistance
• Support self-efficacy

23. Principle 1: Express empathy
The crucial attitude is one of acceptance
Skillful reflective listening is fundamental to the client
feeling understood and cared about
Client ambivalence is normal; the clinician should
demonstrate an understanding of the client’s perspective
Labelling is unnecessary
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

24. Principle 2: Develop discrepancy ( ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺾ‬ )
1
Clarify important goals for the
client
2
Explore the consequences or
potential consequences of the
client’s current behaviours
3
Create and amplify in the
client’s mind a discrepancy
between their current
behaviour and their life goals

25. Principle 3: Roll with
resistance
• Avoid arguing against resistance
• If it arises, stop and find another way to proceed
• Avoid confrontation
• Shift perceptions
• Invite, but do not impose, new perspectives
• Value the client as a resource for finding solutions
to problems

26. Principle 4:
Support self-
efficacy
• Belief in the ability to change
(self-efficacy) is an important
motivator
• The client is responsible for
choosing and carrying out
personal change
• There is hope in the range of
alternative approaches available
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

27. Key Points about Change
Change is difficult
and not always
comfortable
It is easier to stay
the same
We tend to go
back to old ways
Change requires
creativity
Change requires
an open mind
Change has
emotional and
cognitive
components
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

28. Key Points
about Change
7. Change happens over time
8. The process is as important as the
result
9. Often there is a difference
between what someone knows
they should do and there
readiness to do it.
10. Greatest chance to impact change
is pairing it to the specific stage of
change.

29. Use these seven strategies to motivate patients
to change, and help them meet their healthcare
goals: Set simple goals. ...
Set
Educate patients with handouts. ...
Educate
Make community connections. ...
Make
Host a workshop. ...
Host
Give homework. ...
Give
Keep in touch. ...
Keep in
Eliminate obstacles.
Eliminate
Schedule regular follow-ups with patients and consider having a staff member check on them
between appointments.
Patients should be encouraged to call or email with any questions or concerns between
appointments. This added attention will help boost their motivation.

30. THANKS
30
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.