This document provides a lesson on methods of plant propagation. It outlines learning outcomes which include demonstrating marcotting, identifying types of propagation, comparing sexual and asexual methods, and explaining advantages and disadvantages of artificial propagation. The lesson is expected to take one week. It then introduces plant propagation as creating new plants from various plant parts, and describes common propagation techniques like cuttings, grafting and budding. The document provides tasks on arranging pictures of the division process and discussing sexual and asexual propagation methods and their advantages.

1. Learning outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Demonstrate the steps in marcotting in sexual
propagation
• Identify the types of plant propagation
• Compare the two method of plant propagation
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using
artificial methods of plant propagation
• Create a video clip on the process of plant propagation
Time Frame
Students are expected to complete the lesson in 1 week.
Introduction
Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from a variety of sources:
seeds, cuttings, bulbs and other plant parts. Plant propagation can also refer to the
artificial or natural dispersal of plants. The simplest method of propagating a tree
vegetatively (non-sexually) is rooting or taking cuttings. The most common method of
propagating fruit trees, suitable for nearly all species, is grafting or budding a desired
variety onto suitable rootstocks.
Activity
Task 1:
Directions: Below is the process of propagation by division, arrange the following picture
accordingly and explain.
Module 1: AGRICULTURE ARTS
Lesson 3: Methods of propagation

2. First, dig up the clump, and tease it gently with your fingers to help locate the sections to
be divided up. Second, rinse the roots with water to additionally free up the roots. If you can pull
the pieces free with your hand, go for it. Alternatively, a sharp knife, or hori knife, as well as
pruners or a long nose shovel, are all good candidates for sectioning up plants. Remove pieces that
are at least 4 inches across, with some good roots. Trim excess roots and excess leaves to ensure
the plant invests the energy in to growing strong roots. Next, plant in soil and water in the new
plants to ensure maximum soil/root contact. Lastly, keep moist for the next couple weeks while
the plants recover. This is a great way to keep up the vigor of many choice plants, as well as
increasing your stock.
1 2
3
4 6 5

3. Analysis
Briefly answer the following questions.
1. Discuss briefly the two (2) methods of plant propagation
There are two types of propagation the sexual and asexual propagation. Sexual
propagation involves the floral parts of a plant. Asexual propagation involves
taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new
plant. The resulting new plant is genetically identical its parent.
2. Discuss the two types of asexual propagation.
-Plants have two main types of asexual reproduction, the vegetative
reproduction and apomixis. Vegetative reproduction results in new plant
individuals without the production of seeds or spores. Many different types of
roots exhibit vegetative reproduction. The corm is used by gladiolus and
garlic.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial methods of plant
propagation?
-The advantages of using artificial methods of plant propagation is that the
method for this is more beneficial as it boosts the quality, yield, and disease
resistance in plants and thereby plant products. Thus, this method is
economically viable. The disadvantage for using artificial methods is that
plants are more prone to diseases that are specific to a certain species. This
can cause destruction to the entire crop. And due to lack of genetic variation
the plants may gradually lose their vigor.

4. Abstraction
Plant propagation is the process of increasing the number of specie by
reproduction. Plants can be reproduced by sexual or asexual methods.
Sexual propagation is propagation by seed or spores. The plants will become
fertilized and produce the seed that will grow into a new with both of the characteristics
of the parent plants. Because of the traits given by the parent plants, sexual propagation
offers these advantages:
1. The only method when creating new varieties or cultivars.
2. It is the easiest and cheapest way of growing plants.
3. A way of getting rid of diseases
4. Some plants are only able to be produced via seed.
Asexual propagation involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to
regenerate itself into a new plant. The resulting new plant is genetically identical its
parent. Asexual propagation involves the vegetative parts of a plant: stems, roots, or
leaves.
Asexual propagation or vegetative propagation refers to the multiplication of any
plant from any vegetative parts of the plant
1. The progenies are identical to the mother plant .
2. It is the alternative way of propagating plants with no seed or germination of
seed is very slow or no viable seed is formed . ( eg . Banana Pine apple and roses ,
seedless grape
3. Vegetative propagated plants are generally dwarfed in nature compared to those
that are grown in seeds . This facilitates pruning spraying and harvesting and more
number of plants can be accommodated in a unit area
4. More plants can be propagated by vegetative means because of the speedy
easy of multiplication
5. Novelty can be developed by grafting or budding on single plant using many
varieties .
6. Inferior varieties can be converted to in superior like side grafting in mangos .
When strong new roots are visible through the moss , remove the plastic sleeve . Cut
through the stem just below the rooted section .
7. Pot up the rooted stem in potting compost suitable for the plant in question . Do
not attempt to remove the moss from the roots . Water , label and grow on until large
enough to plant outside .

5. MOUND ( STOOL ) LAYERING
Mound ( or stool ) layering is suitable for heavy - stemmed trees with tight branches
. In the spring the stems of a young tree are cut about 15 cm ( 6 inches ) above the trunk
, which will result in the sprouting of plenty of new buds . The following spring , soil is
mounded over the young shoots growing from the buds in order for roots to develop .
AIR LAYERING
Air layering is an effective propagation method for some plants that do not root
readily from cuttings and which ften lack low growing shoots.
STEPS :
1. Choose a one to two year old stem that is straight healthy and vigorous . Trim
off side shoots and leaves from a 30cm ( ) section .
2. Scrape off the bark of the stem . The length of the scrape should at least be
equal to the diameter of the branch stem .
3. Rooting hormone can be applied on the surface of the wound .
4. Wrap the wound with a moist sphagnum moss to a thickness of 7.5-10cm or
soil and cover it with black plastic , sealing it with weather - proof adhesive tape
5. Leave the wrapping in place for up to a year . Check it occasionally for signs
of rooting.
TYPES OF ASEXUAL PLANT PROPAGATION BUDDING
This is a grafting technique in which a single bud from the desired scion is used
rather than an entire scion containing many buds .
STEPS :
1. Preparing the rootstock . Potted seedlings are widely used as rootstocks .
However , they should be at least 0.8cm and up to 1.5cm in diameter . Established trees
can also be used .
2. Preparing the bud - scion . This consists of a prominent axillary bud , this serves
as the growing point of the plant . This is also termed as a bud patch , chip , and shield
piece or single - bud scions . Bud sticks are small branches that have multiple numbers
of nodes that contains the buds . These are from vigorous , disease - free mother plants
having desirable characteristics

6. 3. Insertion of the prepared bud - scion into the rootstock Cut the bark of the
rootstock . Insert the scion bud into the bark but make sure that the scion bud is oriented
upward .
4. Tying or wrapping . the stem union using a plastic wrap leaving the growing
point exposed . The plastic wrap must be removed 15 days after or at the time that the
wound has healed . There are various ready - to - use wrapping materials . A specialized
wrapping strip made of rubber expands as the rootstock grows and naturally deteriorates
after several weeks . But for practical usage , a thin , transparent polypropylene ( PP )
plastic bag can be cut into strips about 2-3 cm wide . These plastic strips have to be
elastic and do not easily break when stretched .
5. Cut back of the rootstock . With a use of a pruning shear or sharp knife cut the
rootstock at the part of the stem closely above the union to prevent apical dominance. A
new shoot will emerge from the growing point on the inserted scion which will then grow
into a new plant Cut back is done when it certain that there is union between the rootstock
and the scion this may take 15 days or more . The inserted scion will remain green or
otherwise brownish depending on the natural color of the bud stick . If union is not
successful it will turn black drot .
6. Care of clones . This involves activities performed to the rapid growth of budded
plants . This also includes the removal of offshoots that may emerge from the stem below
the union . This is done to ensure that the propagated plants will only exhibit the
characteristics of the scion . Likewise , the wrapping materials that take time to deteriorate
, like PP plastic strips , must be removed at the earliest time possible to prevent strangling
of the scion .
CUTTINGS
A cutting is a vegetative plant part which is detached from the parent plant in order
to regenerate itself , thereby forming a whole new plant .
Stem Cuttings Stem cuttings of some woody plants root better if taken in the fall or
in the dormant season .
Tip Cuttings Remove a 2 to 6 inch piece of stem , including the terminal bud and
make to cut just below a node . Remove lower leaves that would touch or be below the
medium . If necessary , dip the stem in rooting hormone . Make a hole in the rooting
medium and insert the plant cutting deeply enough into the soil media to support itself .
Cedial cuttings ( stem - section cuttings ) Make the first cut just above a node , and the
second cut just below a node , 2 to 6 inches down the stem . Prepare and insert the
cutting in the rooting medium . Make sure that the nodes are in upward position .

7. Application
Directions: Make a short video clip performing marcotting of asexual propagation, below
is the link for your guide on how to do the process. The video should be posted
in your facebook account.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T38l4wEip7c
Criteria Total
Content
Workmanship
30%
Proper tools and materials 30%
Safety measures 10%
Technical excellence
Visual
Creativity
Editing
30%
100%

8. Reflection
Give your learning insights about the lesson by completing the sentences below.
Closure
Congratulations for completing the lesson 3 of this module.
I have learned the
Steps in marcotting in sexual propagation, the types of plant propagation, the
two method of plant propagation and the advantages and disadvantages of using
artificial methods of plant propagation.
I have realized that
It is important to know the propagation in order for us to teach well our
students in the future.
I will use my learning
In the future as an educator to teach my students and to share my knowledge
to other people.