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 



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  
  
  

  
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
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  

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
  
 
 
  
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 
 
 
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  
 
 
 
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





  





   


  
  
 modern sciences 
    

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
   

  


    
  
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




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





























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
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
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
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
    


 


 o 
 o 


  


  
  
  



   
 
 
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
human 
 natural sciences  sciences
 secular 

 secular  secular 
 secular 


 secularism

 

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

  
    
 
  
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
    
  
   
    
  

     function  




  





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
 religious and secular








 
 


  
 
 
      
 


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
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
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  
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
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 
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
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

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


 status quo

   


  
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
Philosophy   
 


Ethics   



   
Sociology   


Economics   
  

 distribution  production 
 consumption 
Political Science   


   
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

 physical phenomena     

 biological phenomena     
 organic world   

  
 conscious process 





 subject matter 
 research methodology  problem
 function  postulates 
 causal explanation
 observation  categories 
 hypothesis  data 

  
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 secular sciences 
 trial & error method



 
categories 

 
 
matter as substance  
quantity  
cause & effect  
movement  
space, time & force  
number  
unity  

hypothesis of 
 mechanical causation


   
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 organic world   
 spontaneous movement
 hypothesis of evolution 
inorganic  organic 


 purposive causality

 Theory of Evolution  Darwin 

  
 Watson  , 
 behaviourism
  
  
Psychological Positivistic School Socialogical School 
 Ecological School Psychiatic School School




 human sciences 
  
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 


 rationalism 
    

 impericism 
  
  
critical 
     era


 practical consciousness


 Kant 
 Marx  Hegal 
volunteerism 



 trial & error
  
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

 

 
 


 
  ethics 


 



 sociology  

  




 economics  
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


 










demand of 
 right




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