The document discusses the Geolocation API which allows JavaScript to access a user's location via their browser. It introduces the API which includes two variables (Coordinates and Position) and three functions (getCurrentPosition, watchPosition, clearWatch). Coordinates contains latitude, longitude and other location details, while Position contains the Coordinates and a timestamp. The API returns the user's current location via the getCurrentPosition function to the success or error callbacks. Browser support includes Firefox 3.5+, Chrome 5 and Safari 5.