This document provides information about lipid profile testing, including the components measured, specimen requirements, and normal ranges. A lipid profile measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Total cholesterol is the sum of LDL, HDL, and 1/5 of triglycerides. HDL removes excess cholesterol from blood vessels while high LDL deposits cholesterol in blood vessels. Normal ranges are provided for each component. Additional tests mentioned include VLDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and phospholipids.

1. Prepare B y : Abdulelah Farrag Al-malki

2. Specimen
Patient Preparation: Patient should be on a stable diet
for 3 weeks, and fast 9-12 hours before collection,
recommended.
• Specimen Type: Blood
• Container: Green (Li Heparin) or Red top tube
(No Gel), tubes containing EDTA .
• Collection: Routine venepuncture
• Special Processing: Lab Staff: Centrifuge
specimen, remove plasma/serum aliquot into a
plastic sample cup. Sample to be run within 2
hours.

4. Devises
Ultracentrifugation Electrophoresis

6. A lipid profile typically includes:
• Total cholesterol —this test measures all of
the cholesterol in all the lipoprotein particles.
• Total cholesterol = LDL + HDL + (1/5
triglycerides)
For example, if one has HDL of 40, LDL of 100 and triglycerides of
100, then the total cholesterol = 100 + 40 + (1/5 of 100=20) = 160.

7. Normal Ranges
Total cholesterol
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 200 mg/dL Desirable
200-239 mg/dL Borderline high
240 mg/dL and above High

8. (HDL-C)
o Measures the cholesterol in HDL particles;
often called "good cholesterol" because it
removes excess cholesterol and carries it to
the liver for removal.

9. Normal Ranges
HDL cholesterol
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 40 mg/dL (men)
Below 50 mg/dL (women)
Poor
40-49 mg/dL (men)
50-59 mg/dL (women)
Better
60 mg/dL and above Best

10. (LDL-C)
o Often called "bad cholesterol" because it
deposits excess cholesterol in walls of blood
vessels, which can contribute to
atherosclerosis.
o Usually, the amount of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)
is calculated using the results of total
cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides.

11. Normal Ranges
LDL cholesterol
(U.S. and some other countries)
Below 70 mg/dL Ideal for people at very high risk
of heart disease
Below 100 mg/dL Ideal for people at risk of heart
disease
100-129 mg/dL Near ideal
130-159 mg/dL Borderline high
160-189 mg/dL High
190 mg/dL and above Very high

12. Triglycerides
• low levels of triglycerides can be present :
 Patients who carry genes for familial
hypobetalipoproteinemia .
• High levels of triglycerides can be present :
 Metabolic syndrome .
 Risk factor to CAD .
• Very high levels of triglycerides “ 500 mg/dl”:
 can be concerning for development of pancreatitis .

13. Normal Ranges
Triglycerides
(U.S. and some other
countries)
Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal
101 - 150 mg/dL Normal
150-199 mg/dL Borderline high
200-499 mg/dL High
500 mg/dL and above Very high

14. (VLDL-C)
• Calculated from “ triglycerides/5 “ > this
formula is based on the typical composition of
VLDL particles.
NORMAL LEVEL : 30 mg/dL or 0.77 mmol/L

15. Chylomicron
Chylomicron range in size from 75 to 1200 nm in
diameter and their mass ranges from 50 x 106
to 1 x 109 D

16. (LDL-P)
This test measures the number of LDL particles, rather
than measuring the amount of LDL-cholesterol.
Reference Range for LDL-P :
A value of less than 1.000 is considered ideal. Above
2.000 is considered very high.
Ideal: <1000
Moderate: 1000-1299
Borderline High: 1300-1599
High: >1600

17. • Lp(a) Ultra :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 3 - 130 mg/dL
o CHD and ischemic stroke.
• Apolipoprotein A-1 :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 30 - 270 mg/dL
o Increase >> Physical exercise ,Pregnancy & statins. etc.
o Decrease >> Chronic kidney disease , Smoking &
obesity …etc

18. • Apolipoprotein B :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL
o Increased > Diabetes ..etc.
o Decrease > Hyperthyroidism .. etc.
• Phospholipids :
o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL

19. Reference
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov