The document introduces communication as a process involving encoding and interpreting meanings through symbols. It discusses several models of communication, including Aristotle's model which emphasized the importance of context. It also outlines the stages of communication including sending a message through a medium and channel, receiving feedback, and identifies potential barriers like noise, assumptions, and cultural differences that can interfere with effective communication.

1. Introduction to
Communication
Julie Amara J. Mostoles
Instructor 1
Central Bicol State University of Agriculture
San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur

2. Write down as many
forms as
communication that
you can find in the
video clip

5. Can you think of an activity
which does not require you to
communicate?
It is quite vital to our
everyday lives.

6. Communication
•is an art,
•a science,
•a process, and
•a technique

7. Communication
• Human beings have a
tendency to share/impart
thoughts, impart
information, persuade
others in our beliefs, and
show our love and
affection.

8. According to Wood (2004)
• Communication is a
systematic process in which
individuals interact with and
through symbols to create
and interpret meanings.
• Wood’s definition suggest the
qualities that are inherent in
communication.

9. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Communication is a process
• Communication is systemic
• Communication is symbolic
• Communication involves
meaning

10. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Communication is a process
–Creative
–Continuing condition of life
–Changes as the
communicators’ environments
and needs change
• Many words in English have
become obsolete, trite, or altered
• New words have evolved

11. Nowadays we hear previously unheard-
of blended words or mash ups
• Chillax (chill+relax) – calm down
• Frenemy (friend+enemy) – false friend
• Bromance (brother+romance) – close
male relationship
• Telegenic ( television+photogenic) –
suitable manner and appearance for
TV
• Emoticon (emotion+icon) – digital
facial expression
• Meld (melt+weld) - combine

12. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Communication is systemic
– Occurs within systems of
interrelated and interacting parts
– The various components of
communication are linked to one
another as parts of one system.
– The absence of any one of them
can result to ineffective
communication.

13. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Communication is symbolic
– Uses symbols (verbal or nonverbal)
that are basis of language
– Verbal symbols are spoken (using
voice and speech sounds) or
written (using letters or characters).
– Nonverbal ones are employed and
perceived through our body
language voice quality while
speaking.

14. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Body Language
–gestures, facial expressions,
eye contact, posture, or touch
• Quality of voice
–Tone, pitch, rate, volume, and
emphasis

15. Qualities inherent/natural in communication
• Communication involves
meaning
– Meanings are assigned, given, or
invented, not received
– Ex. Flags, crowns, crosses, and traffic
signals (don’t contain meanings but
their meanings are assigned to them)
– Physical and social environments can
be given different meanings
depending on our frame of reference.

16. Communication
• We invent meanings in countless
social situations when we talk
with people who share or oppose
our purposes.
• But no matter what the context is,
it is the production of meaning
rather than the production of
messages that identifies
communication.

17. The Process of
Communication

18. Communication
• Is made up of several
components
• Its process is best
understood if you know how
these various components
come into play in the stages
of any communication
situation.

19. Stage 1: Sending the Message
• Speaker/sender
–Source of the message that is
encoded into symbols
• Message
–Any information or anything the
sender wants to communicate
by using a medium

20. Stage 1: Sending the Message
• Medium
–The form in which the
speaker/sender conveys
the message
–(speech, conversation,
letter, email, blog,
newspaper, book etc.
through a channel)

21. Stage 1: Sending the Message
• Channel
–Mode, method, or means of
sending or expressing the
message (through any of
the five senses – sight,
hearing, tuch, smell, taste)

22. Stage 1: Sending the Message
• Channel
–may also be
• A sound and light waves in a
face-to-face, in person
speaking situation
• Digital audio and video signals
in a mediated, with-a-remote-
audience speaking situation

23. Stage 2: Receiving the Message
• Listener/receiver
–Gets and decodes the
message
• Feedback
–Receiver’s response
–Affected by one’s frame of
reference
–Varies from person to person

24. Stage 2: Receiving the Message
• Feedback
–Silence is considered a
feedback
• Can be interpreted in many
ways
• There is no such thing as
“zero feedback.”

25. Stage 2: Receiving the Message
• Context
–Situation or environment
–Includes time, place, event,
sender’s ad receiver’s
feelings, perceptions,
beliefs, attitudes and
relationships

26. Stage 2: Receiving the Message
• Noise, interference,
distraction
– Anything that impedes or gets
in the way of accurately sending,
receiving, and interpreting the
message, whether it be internal
(from sender or receiver) or
external (from the environment)

27. Examples of Noise
• A teacher lectures while a
passing train hoots its horns.
• A student reports in class
where there is poor
ventilation.
• A professor lectures and
coughs continuously.

28. Question Question
1. Explain the statement
“Communication is vital to our
daily lives.”
2. What is “Frame of reference” in
communication? Is it possible for
two people to have exactly the
same frame of reference?
Defend your answer.

29. Question Question
3. Why is silence considered
feedback? Do you agree that “there
is no such thing as zero feedback?”
Explain your answer.
4. We often hear people blurting out
that a certain person’s message is
“out of context.” Cite some instances
where what is being mentioned in a
conversation is “out of context.”

30. Identify the noise (external/internal)
1. A student thinks about a quiz
he has to take in the next
class.
2. A child busily plays with his
tablet while his mom is giving
him instructions
3. A speaker in a seminar
explains a certain product
when a cellular phone rings.

31. Identify the noise (external/internal)
4. A student cannot concentrate
on what the teacher is saying
because he is suffering from
migraine.
5. A student reports in class
where there is poor ventilation.

32. Communication
Models
1. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s Model (1948)
2. Weiner’s Interactive Model
3. Wilbur Schramm’s Communication Model (1955),
considered the Father of Mass Communication
4. Intermediary/ Gatekeeper Model

33. Models of Communication
• are diagrams that make
you understand the
process at a glance
• Guide you in
understanding how
communication works in
different settings

34. Models of Communication
• The best way to
understand
communication is to see
it graphically.

35. Aristotle’s Model of Communication (5 BC)
• First and earliest
• He is a teacher of rhetoric and even
put up an academy to produce good
speakers.
The most important part f his model is
the SETTING that dictates the message.
Speaker
(Message)
Speech
(Listener)
Audience

36. Aristotle’s Model (5 BC)
• Three Settings in
Aristotle’s time
–Legal
•Meant courts – ordinary
people defends
themselves

37. Aristotle’s Model (5 BC)
–Deliberative
•Meant the political
assemblies, the highest
of which was the Roman
Senate

38. Aristotle’s Model (5 BC)
–Ceremonial
•Meant the celebrations,
occasions that call for
speeches of welcome,
poems of tribute or of
eulogies, and poems of
lament

39. Communication
Models
1. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s Model (1948)
2. Weiner’s Interactive Model
3. Wilbur Schramm’s Communication Model (1955),
considered the Father of Mass Communication
4. Intermediary/ Gatekeeper Model

40. Functions of Communication in an
Organization
• Inform
• Instruct
• Sharing of information
• Motivating Workers
• Leading the Organization
• Control
• Management

41. Barriers to Communication
 Noise
 Lack of planning
 Wrong or unclarified
assumptions
 Semantic problems
 Cultural barriers
 Socio psychological barriers
 Emotions

42. Barriers to Communication
Filtering
 Information Overload
 Loss by transmission
( Noise)
 Poor listening & retention
 Goal conflicts
Offensive style
Time & distance

43. Overcoming Barriers
 Sender
• Planning ideas
 Overcoming
a. Different perceptions
b. Language difference
c. Inconsistent verbal & non
verbal communication
d. Emotionality

44. Overcoming Barriers
Receiver
Paying attention
Active listening
Open mind
Overcoming prejudicial
judgment & emotional
constraints

45. Assignment
• Group activity (next meeting)
• Bring:
– whole black Cartolina
–Cut out pictures showing verbal
and non verbal
communications
–Glue
–Markers