This document provides definitions and information about landscape architecture and landscaping. It defines landscape as an expanse of scenery that can be seen from a single viewpoint. Landscaping is defined as the development and modification of outdoor spaces to provide amenities through the use of plants, structures, and other natural and human elements. The document outlines the scope of landscape architecture, which involves designing public spaces, parks, and structures through consideration of environmental, social, aesthetic, and other factors. It also describes relevant aspects like horticulture, botany, urban design, and storm water management.

1. TITLE : BASICS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
For All Students of …………..
ARCHITECTURE
INTERIOR DESIGN AND DECORATION
LAND SCAPING ARHCITECTS
SUSTAINABLE BUIDLING DESIGNERS
GREEN ROOF DESIGNERS & ARCHITECTS
Edited and Compiled by:
SHAIKH JAVED ALAM
TOTAL FACILITIES MANAGEMENT SERVICES
PAGE : 01

2. Landscape
Landscape :
Landscape (Definition)
• An expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view.
• A section or expanse of rural scenery, usually extensive,
that can be seen from a single viewpoint.
PAGE : 02

3. Landscape
Landscape (Definition) :
• An expanse of
scenery that can
be seen in a
single view.
• A section or
expanse of rural
scenery, usually
extensive, that
can be seen from
a single
viewpoint.
PAGE : 03

4. Landscaping
Landscaping (Definition) :
Landscaping :
is the development of
outdoor space to provide
various amenities -
privacy, comfort, beauty
and ease of
maintenance.
It may involve :
lawns,
shrubs,
trees,
plants and
flowers,
structures such as
seating, pools, rock
gardens, trellises or
pergolas, and paved
surfaces.
Landscaping Definition by FMpedia. PAGE : 04

5. Landscaping
Landscaping (Definition) :
Landscaping ;
refers to any activity that
modifies the visible features
of an area of land, including
nature, natural, human
elements.
Living elements,
such as flora or fauna; or
what is commonly referred
to as gardening;
Natural elements such as
landforms, terrain shape and
elevation, or bodies of water;
Human elements such as
structures, buildings, fences
or other material objects
created and/or installed by
humans;
Abstract elements such as
the weather and lighting
conditions.
Landscaping Definition by Wikipedia. PAGE : 05

6. Landscaping
Landscaping (Definition)
Landscaping
is the development and modification of visible
features of an expanse of land or space
enhancing the various amenities of the entire
property ,land and estate, by utilizing and
involving nature, natural and human
elements.(Total FMS)
As it is clear from all the definition that
Landscaping is both science and art, and
requires good observation and design skills.
Hence the knowledge and understanding of the
elements of nature and construction(human
elements)to blends them accordingly is very
essential for Landscape Architects and
landscapers.
Landscaping Definition by Total FMS. PAGE : 06

7. Landscaping
Landscaping : Elements/Component (Soft and Hard components)
The elements used in
landscaping are described below,
Living elements,
such as flora or fauna; or what is
commonly referred to as
gardening, the art and craft of
growing plants with a goal of
creating a beautiful
environment within the
landscape.
Natural elements such as
landforms, terrain shape and
elevation, or bodies of water;
Human elements such as
structures, buildings, fences or
other material objects created
and/or installed by humans; and
Abstract elements such as the
weather and lighting conditions.
PAGE : 07

8. Landscaping
Landscaping : Soft Landscaping
The term soft landscape;
is used by practitioners of
landscape design, landscape
architecture, and garden design;
and gardeners to describe the
vegetative materials which are used
to improve a landscape by design.
The corresponding term hard
landscape is used to describe
construction materials.
The range of soft landscape
materials includes each layer of the
ecological sequence: aquatic plants,
semi-aquatic plants, field layer
plants (including grasses and
herbaceous plants) shrubs and
trees.
PAGE : 08

9. Landscaping
Landscaping : Hard & Soft Landscaping
Hard Landscape :
The term hard landscape is used by
practitioners of landscape architecture and
garden design to describe the construction
materials which are used to improve a
landscape by design.
The corresponding term soft landscape
materials is used to describe plant
materials.
A wide range of hard landscape materials
can be used, such as brick, gravel, rock or
stone, concrete, timber, bitumen, glass,
metals, etc. 'Hard landscape' can also
describe outdoor furniture and other
landscape products.
PAGE : 09

10. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture (Definition:1)
Landscape
Architecture;
is the design of outdoor
public areas,
landmarks, and
structures to achieve
environmental, social-
behavioral, or aesthetic
outcomes.
It involves the
systematic
investigation of
existing social,
ecological, and
geological conditions
and processes in the
landscape, and the
design of interventions
that will produce the
desired outcome.
PAGE : 10

11. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture (Definition:2)
Landscape Architecture :
The art of arranging or
modifying the features of a
landscape, an urban area,
etc., for aesthetic or practical
reasons.
Landscape architecture is a
multi-disciplinary field,
incorporating aspects of:
Botany,
Horticulture,
Fine arts & Architecture,
Industrial design,
Geology
Earth sciences,
Environmental psychology,
Geography, and
Ecology.
PAGE : 11

12. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture : Different involved Aspects
Horticulture :
It also includes related
services in
• Plant conservation
• Landscape restoration;
• Landscape and garden
design /construction /
maintenance,
• Horticultural therapy,
and much more.
This range of food,
medicinal,
environmental, and
social products and
services are all
fundamental to
developing and
maintaining human
health and well-being.
PAGE : 12

13. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture : Different involved Aspects
Horticulture: is the
science, technology and
business involved in
intensive plant cultivation
for human use.It is
practiced from the
individual level in a
garden up to the activities
of a multinational
corporation. It is very
diverse in its activities,
incorporating plants for
1.Food such as
Fruits, vegetables,
mushrooms, culinary
herbs and,
2. Non-food crops
Flower, Trees ,Shrubs,
Turf-grass, Hops, Grapes,
Medicinal Herbs.
PAGE : 13

14. Landscape Architecture
Landscaping : Horticulture : Botany
Botany, plant science(s), or
plant biology a discipline of
biology, is the science of plant life.
Traditionally, the science included
the study of fungi, algae, and
viruses.
A person engaged in the study of
botany is called a botanist.
Botany covers a wide range of
scientific disciplines including
structure, growth, reproduction,
metabolism, development,
diseases, chemical properties, and
evolutionary relationships among
taxonomic groups.
PAGE : 14

15. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture : Scope
The scope of the Landscaping
Architectural profession
includes;
• Urban design;
• Site planning;
• Storm water management;
• Town or urban planning;
• Environmental restoration;
• Parks and recreation planning;
• Visual resource management;
• Green infrastructure planning
and provision;
• Private estate and residence
landscape
• Master planning and design;
• All at varying scales of design,
planning and management.
PAGE : 15

16. Landscape Architecture
Landscape : Landscaping : Scopes : Urban Design
Urban design
is the process of designing and shaping cities,
towns and villages.
Whereas architecture focuses on individual
buildings.
Urban design address the larger scale of
groups of buildings, of streets and public
spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts,
and entire cities, to make urban areas
functional, attractive, and sustainable.
Urban design is an inter-disciplinary subject
that unites all the built environment
professions, including urban planning,
landscape architecture, architecture, civil and
municipal engineering. It is common for
professionals in all these disciplines to
practice in urban design. In more recent times
different strands of urban design have
emerged such as landscapeurbanism
PAGE : 16

17. Landscape Architecture
Landscaping : Scope : Storm water management
Storm water:
Storm water is the
water that
originates during
precipitation
events. Storm
water that does not
soak into the
ground becomes
surface runoff,
which either flows
directly into
surface waterways
or is channeled
into storm sewers,
which eventually
discharge to
surface waters.
PAGE : 17

18. Landscape Architecture
Landscaping : Scope : Storm water management
Storm water management:
Storm water management on
developed sites utilize a variety of
non-structural (source control
methods) storm water best
management practices (BMPs)all of
which can be used to intercept, retain
and infiltrate local runoff and storm
water that originates on the
site. During site design and planning
for any development or
redevelopment of property it is
possible to define where storm water
is coming from, how much storm
water is expected and how to manage
that storm water.
PAGE : 18

19. Landscape Architecture
Landscaping : Scope : Energy-efficient Landscaping
Energy-efficient
landscaping
is a type of
landscaping designed
for the purpose of
conserving energy.
There is a distinction
between the embedded
energy of materials
and constructing the
landscape, and the
energy consumed by
the maintenance and
operations of a
landscape.
PAGE : 19

20. Landscape Architecture
Energy-efficient Landscaping : Techniques
Energy-efficient
landscaping design
Techniques include:
1.Planting trees;
Planting trees for the
purpose of providing shade,
which reduces cooling costs.
2.Planting Windbreaks;
Planting or building
windbreaks to slow winds
near buildings, which
reduces heat loss.
3. Wall sheltering;
Wall sheltering, where
shrubbery or vines are used
to create a windbreak
directly against a wall.
landforms as windbreaks
PAGE : 20

21. Landscape Architecture
Energy-efficient Landscaping : Techniques
A green roof or living roof :
is a roof of a building that is
partially or completely covered
with vegetation and a growing
medium, planted over a
waterproofing membrane. It
may also include additional
layers such as a root barrier and
drainage and irrigation systems,
that cool buildings with extra
thermal mass and
evapotranspiration.
Green roofs serve several
purposes for a building, such as
absorbing rainwater, providing
insulation, creating a habitat for
wildlife, and helping to lower
urban air temperatures and
mitigate the heat island effect.
PAGE : 21

22. Landscape Architecture
Energy-efficient Landscaping : Techniques
There are two types of
green roofs based on
the depth of growing
medium :
An intensive roofs,
which are thicker and
has more than six
inches of growing
medium and tends to
have greater plant
variety and diversity,
as well as higher
weight(heavier), and
requires more
maintenance.
PAGE : 22

23. Landscape Architecture
Energy-efficient Landscaping : Techniques
An extensive roofs, which
are covered in a light
layer of vegetation and
are lighter than an
intensive green roof.
No single type of green
roof works for all
buildings, climates and
client needs. Green roofs
are categorized as
"intensive" or "extensive,"
based on the depth of
growing medium. An
extensive roof has 6
inches or less of growing
medium. It also has lower
weight, plant diversity,
costs and
Maintenance.
PAGE : 23

24. Landscape Architecture
Energy-efficient Landscaping : Techniques
4. Earth sheltering;
Earth sheltering and positioning
buildings to take advantage of
natural
5.Reducing the heat island effect
with pervious paving, high albedo
paving, shade, and minimizing
paved areas.
Site lighting with full cut off
fixtures, light level sensors, and
high efficiency fixtures.
Container gardens on roofs, where
plants are maintained in pots, are
not generally considered to be
true green roofs, although this is
debated. Rooftop ponds are
another form of green roofs which
are used to treat grey water.
PAGE : 24

25. Landscape Architecture
Landscaping : Site plan
A site plan
is an architectural plan,
landscape architecture document,
and a detailed engineering drawing
of proposed improvements to a
given lot.
A site plan "usually shows a
building footprint, travel ways,
parking, drainage facilities,
sanitary sewer lines, water lines,
trails, lighting, and landscaping
and garden elements".
Such a plan of a site is a "graphic
representation of the arrangement
of buildings, parking, drives,
landscaping and any other
structure that is part of a
development project".
PAGE : 25

26. Landscape Architect
Landscaping : Scope and Field of Actions…….
Landscape Architect :
A practitioner in the profession of landscape architecture is called a landscape architect.
The activities of a landscape architect can range from the creation of public parks and parkways to
site planning for campuses and corporate office parks, from the design of residential estates to the
design of civil infrastructure and the management of large wilderness areas or reclamation of
degraded landscapes such as mines or landfills.
Landscape architects work on all types of structures and external space - large or small, urban,
suburban and rural, and with "hard" (built) and "soft" (planted) materials, while integrating
ecological sustainability. The most valuable contribution can be made at the first stage of a project to
generate ideas with technical understanding and creative flair for the design, organization, and use
of spaces.
The landscape architect can conceive the overall concept and prepare the master plan, from which
detailed design drawings and technical specifications are prepared. They can also review proposals to
authorize and supervise contracts for the construction work. Other skills include preparing design
impact assessments, conducting environmental assessments and audits, and serving as an expert
witness at inquiries on land use issues. They can also support and prepare applications for capital
and revenue funding grants.
PAGE : 26

27. Dedicated to All the Architecture, Engineering
students and Professionals ….who through there
humble and dedicated effort can
replace
LANDSCPAE of POVERTY
with
LANDSCAPES OF PROSPERITIES
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