The document outlines a Quick Reaction Test (QRT) to develop protective construction techniques for Joint Combat Outposts (JCOPs) in Iraq and Afghanistan. It details the problem of JCOPs being vulnerable to attacks, establishes a mission to reduce risks from such attacks, and provides an agenda, timeline, and test plans to evaluate barriers and building upgrades to improve protection against vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices. The final product will be test data and guidelines distributed to operational forces to continue enhancing force protection measures at JCOPs.
IRJET- A Case Study on Rehabilitation and Retrofitting of Cheetal Marriage Ac...IRJET Journal
The document presents a case study on the rehabilitation and retrofitting of Cheetal marriage accommodation buildings (P-1001 to P-1009 & P-1208 and P-1211) of the Indian army in Hissar. Non-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the structural integrity and determine deterioration in the buildings. Test results showed high moisture levels, low pH levels indicating carbonation, and medium to doubtful quality of concrete based on ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. Visual inspections found cracks, spalling, efflorescence, dampness, and over 60% corrosion of reinforcement. The study aims to assess damage and apply suitable strengthening remedies to improve the structures.
Structural Integrity Evaluation of Offshore Wind TurbinesFranco Bontempi
Wind turbines are complex structures that should deal with adverse weather
conditions, are exposed to impacts or ship collisions and, due to the strategic roles in
the energetic supplying, can be the goal of military or malevolent attacks.
Even if a structure cannot be design to resist any unforeseeable critical event
or arbitrarily high accidental action, this kind of systems should be able to maintain
integrity and a certain level of functionality also under accidental circumstances,
which are not contemplated or cannot be considered in the usual design verification.
According to a performance-based design view, the entity of actions to be resisted
and the services levels to be maintained are the design objectives, which should be
defined by the stakeholders and by the designer in respect of the regulation in force.
For what said above, the structural integrity of wind turbines is a central issue
in the framework of a safe design: it depends on different factors, like exposure,
vulnerability and robustness. Particularly, the requirement of structural vulnerability
and robustness are discussed in this paper and a numerical application is presented,
in order to evaluate the effects of a ship collision on the structural system of an
offshore wind turbine.
The investigation resorts nonlinear dynamic analyses performed on the finite
element model of the turbine and considers three different scenarios for the ship
collision. The review of the investigation results allows for an evaluation of the
turbine structural integrity after the impact and permits to identify some
characteristics of the system, which are intrinsic to the chosen organization of the
elements within the structure.
A Research paper on Analysis and Design of Precast Box Culvert with Vehicular...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the analysis and design of precast concrete segmental box culverts subjected to vehicular loading, noting advantages of precast construction including reduced construction time and costs. Several cases are analyzed to determine shear forces and bending moments on box culvert components under different load conditions and support configurations. The results are presented and it is concluded that a simply supported top slab can reduce wall moments at supports if culvert weight is a constraint.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of 9 Storied RC Building using various Retrofittin...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs a 9-story reinforced concrete building using various retrofitting techniques in SAP2000.V20 software. It investigates the effects of earthquake forces on buildings and identifies seismic deficiencies. It studies the effectiveness of retrofitting strategies like shear walls, bracings, and column jacketing. The researchers model a 4-story building and apply these retrofitting techniques to improve its strength, stability, and life span. Their analysis finds that shear walls are the most effective technique as they control seismic activity and make the structure more stiff with negligible failure of columns and beams.
A RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLPSE OF RCC BUILDING WITH BLAST LOAD...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a research study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings under blast and seismic loading. Progressive collapse is defined as the failure or disproportionate collapse of a building due to the spread of local failure through the structure. The study performs progressive collapse analysis on low-rise (G+4), medium-rise (G+17) and high-rise (G+22) RCC buildings using Staad Pro software. Columns are removed to initiate progressive collapse, and demand capacity ratios are calculated to check if the structures meet acceptance criteria. The results show the low-rise and high-rise buildings meet criteria, but medium-rise building needs redesign due to higher demand capacity ratio.
D1 (B2) Ludovic Fülöp - Air-entrained concrete: A comprehensive bridge inspec...Svenska Betongföreningen
This document summarizes a comprehensive inspection program of bridges in Finland to investigate the effects of excessive air entrainment in concrete. The inspection examined 96 bridges and found that air contents had been increasing over time, decreasing the safety margin of compressive strengths. While current safety levels were acceptable, one bridge required further examination. The findings will help infrastructure authorities monitor bridges with high air entrainment and better understand the long-term performance of such concretes.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF COLLAPSE OF SURFSIDE CONDMINIMUM, MIAMIIRJET Journal
1) The document summarizes a preliminary forensic analysis of the collapse of the Champlain Towers South condominium in Surfside, Miami in June 2022.
2) The analysis investigated possible triggers for the collapse including leakage issues from a pool deck without proper drainage, foundation issues like differential settlement in reclaimed wetlands, and structural issues with lack of punching reinforcement in the flat slab construction.
3) Based on evidence, it is proposed that initial collapse was caused by corrosion of a column from pool deck leakage, which pulled inward and caused a chain reaction collapse starting on the west side and moving east.
IRJET- A Case Study on Rehabilitation and Retrofitting of Cheetal Marriage Ac...IRJET Journal
The document presents a case study on the rehabilitation and retrofitting of Cheetal marriage accommodation buildings (P-1001 to P-1009 & P-1208 and P-1211) of the Indian army in Hissar. Non-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the structural integrity and determine deterioration in the buildings. Test results showed high moisture levels, low pH levels indicating carbonation, and medium to doubtful quality of concrete based on ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. Visual inspections found cracks, spalling, efflorescence, dampness, and over 60% corrosion of reinforcement. The study aims to assess damage and apply suitable strengthening remedies to improve the structures.
Structural Integrity Evaluation of Offshore Wind TurbinesFranco Bontempi
Wind turbines are complex structures that should deal with adverse weather
conditions, are exposed to impacts or ship collisions and, due to the strategic roles in
the energetic supplying, can be the goal of military or malevolent attacks.
Even if a structure cannot be design to resist any unforeseeable critical event
or arbitrarily high accidental action, this kind of systems should be able to maintain
integrity and a certain level of functionality also under accidental circumstances,
which are not contemplated or cannot be considered in the usual design verification.
According to a performance-based design view, the entity of actions to be resisted
and the services levels to be maintained are the design objectives, which should be
defined by the stakeholders and by the designer in respect of the regulation in force.
For what said above, the structural integrity of wind turbines is a central issue
in the framework of a safe design: it depends on different factors, like exposure,
vulnerability and robustness. Particularly, the requirement of structural vulnerability
and robustness are discussed in this paper and a numerical application is presented,
in order to evaluate the effects of a ship collision on the structural system of an
offshore wind turbine.
The investigation resorts nonlinear dynamic analyses performed on the finite
element model of the turbine and considers three different scenarios for the ship
collision. The review of the investigation results allows for an evaluation of the
turbine structural integrity after the impact and permits to identify some
characteristics of the system, which are intrinsic to the chosen organization of the
elements within the structure.
A Research paper on Analysis and Design of Precast Box Culvert with Vehicular...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the analysis and design of precast concrete segmental box culverts subjected to vehicular loading, noting advantages of precast construction including reduced construction time and costs. Several cases are analyzed to determine shear forces and bending moments on box culvert components under different load conditions and support configurations. The results are presented and it is concluded that a simply supported top slab can reduce wall moments at supports if culvert weight is a constraint.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of 9 Storied RC Building using various Retrofittin...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs a 9-story reinforced concrete building using various retrofitting techniques in SAP2000.V20 software. It investigates the effects of earthquake forces on buildings and identifies seismic deficiencies. It studies the effectiveness of retrofitting strategies like shear walls, bracings, and column jacketing. The researchers model a 4-story building and apply these retrofitting techniques to improve its strength, stability, and life span. Their analysis finds that shear walls are the most effective technique as they control seismic activity and make the structure more stiff with negligible failure of columns and beams.
A RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLPSE OF RCC BUILDING WITH BLAST LOAD...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a research study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings under blast and seismic loading. Progressive collapse is defined as the failure or disproportionate collapse of a building due to the spread of local failure through the structure. The study performs progressive collapse analysis on low-rise (G+4), medium-rise (G+17) and high-rise (G+22) RCC buildings using Staad Pro software. Columns are removed to initiate progressive collapse, and demand capacity ratios are calculated to check if the structures meet acceptance criteria. The results show the low-rise and high-rise buildings meet criteria, but medium-rise building needs redesign due to higher demand capacity ratio.
D1 (B2) Ludovic Fülöp - Air-entrained concrete: A comprehensive bridge inspec...Svenska Betongföreningen
This document summarizes a comprehensive inspection program of bridges in Finland to investigate the effects of excessive air entrainment in concrete. The inspection examined 96 bridges and found that air contents had been increasing over time, decreasing the safety margin of compressive strengths. While current safety levels were acceptable, one bridge required further examination. The findings will help infrastructure authorities monitor bridges with high air entrainment and better understand the long-term performance of such concretes.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF COLLAPSE OF SURFSIDE CONDMINIMUM, MIAMIIRJET Journal
1) The document summarizes a preliminary forensic analysis of the collapse of the Champlain Towers South condominium in Surfside, Miami in June 2022.
2) The analysis investigated possible triggers for the collapse including leakage issues from a pool deck without proper drainage, foundation issues like differential settlement in reclaimed wetlands, and structural issues with lack of punching reinforcement in the flat slab construction.
3) Based on evidence, it is proposed that initial collapse was caused by corrosion of a column from pool deck leakage, which pulled inward and caused a chain reaction collapse starting on the west side and moving east.
IRJET- Progressive Collapse of RCC Structure Due to Earthquake and Wind LoadIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings due to earthquakes and wind loads. A 3x3 bay RC frame building model was created in ETABS software and column removal analyses were conducted according to GSA guidelines. Three columns were removed individually - a corner column, exterior column, and interior column. Both linear and nonlinear static analyses were performed, and demand-to-capacity ratios (DCRs) were calculated. Results showed that beams were most vulnerable to failure in flexure. Interior column removal led to the highest DCRs and forces, indicating interior columns are most critical to progressive collapse resistance.
IRJET- Non Destructive Testing of Old R.C.C. Framed StructureIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the results of non-destructive testing performed on a 30-year-old reinforced concrete framed structure in Nagpur, India. Various non-destructive tests were conducted, including rebound hammer testing to determine concrete strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing to evaluate concrete quality, and half-cell potential testing to detect reinforcement corrosion. The test results found the concrete strength to be equivalent to a low grade (M10-M15), concrete quality to be doubtful with pulse velocities below 3.0 km/sec, and half-cell readings indicating severe corrosion in some columns. Based on these test results and visual inspections showing cracks and reinforcement exposure, the document concludes that the structure requires repair and retrofitting.
IRJET - Review on Behavior of Composite Column and Post-Tension Flat Slab in ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on the behavior of composite columns and post-tensioned flat slabs in high-rise buildings. Composite columns made of concrete-encased steel have benefits like high strength and ductility. Post-tensioned flat slabs reduce construction time and costs compared to reinforced concrete slabs. Several studies analyzed found that composite columns and post-tensioned flat slabs help reduce lateral displacement, storey drift, and base shear in seismic zones. Post-tensioned flat slabs were also found to be more economical than reinforced concrete slabs. The use of self-compacting concrete and shear walls can further improve the seismic performance of composite column and post-tensioned flat slab structures.
00-Slides-IEM Course-Site Supervision-Displ Piles-18 Jun 22 - Copy.pdfNeohChengAik
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of site supervisors for displacement pile foundations. It outlines the important knowledge supervisors need regarding pile installation methods, construction requirements, and how to properly inspect piles. The presentation aims to help supervisors ensure pile construction complies with specifications and designs to achieve sound pile installations.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings wit...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic analysis of multistory buildings with bracing and shear walls. A 9-story building model is created in ETABS software with different configurations of bracing and shear walls. Parameters like story drift, displacement and shear are compared between the bare frame model and models with bracing or shear walls. Results show that shear walls are most effective at reducing story drift and displacement, while both bracing and shear walls increase story shear compared to the bare frame. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the best seismic performance with less drift and deflection.
Experimental investigation of the crashworthiness performance of laminated co...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into the crashworthiness performance of laminated composites made of CPVC pipe and woven carbon fiber mat. Crashworthiness indicators like energy absorption, specific energy absorption, maximum force, mean crushing force, and crushing force efficiency were used to evaluate the performance of test specimens under compression loading. Specimens with increasing numbers of carbon fiber mat laminations were tested and compared to an unreinforced CPVC pipe specimen. Both experimental and finite element analysis results showed that additional carbon fiber laminations led to decreased deformation and increased crushing force efficiency when subjected to the same load, indicating improved crashworthiness performance. The finite element analysis results from ANSYS software agreed with the trends observed in
This document summarizes Derek Stork's presentation on technical challenges for the DEMO stage of magnetic fusion energy development. Stork divides the DEMO program into three areas: a baseline program to realize the first DEMO machine, an optimization program to improve economics and reliability, and a strategic risk reduction program. For the baseline program, key challenges include qualifying structural materials to high radiation levels, developing a divertor to handle high heat fluxes, and finalizing blanket and tritium breeding concepts. Significant testing is still needed on materials from facilities like IFMIF before the DEMO design can be completed.
IRJET- Study of Combined Action of Coupled Tuned Liquid and Mass Damper on Ea...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the combined effects of a tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned mass damper (TMD) unit in reducing the earthquake response of buildings. The researchers first conducted experiments on a 3-story building model to analyze its natural frequency without and with the damper unit. They found that the natural frequency decreased from 3.25Hz to 1.65Hz with the addition of the damper. They then modeled the building and damper unit in SAP2000 software and obtained similar natural frequency results, validating the numerical model. Further analysis will be carried out in SAP2000 to evaluate the earthquake performance of different building configurations with the TLD-TMD unit using modal and time history
This document summarizes research on designing buildings to resist blast loads. It discusses modeling a sample building in ETABS software and analyzing its response to different blast scenarios varying the charge weight (125kg to 500kg TNT) and standoff distance (15m to 30m). Key findings include:
1) Increasing the standoff distance significantly reduces blast pressures and damage to the structure. With a 500kg charge at 15m, 177 beams/columns failed, but only 3 failed at 30m.
2) Regular, symmetrical building frames performed better than irregular designs under blast loads.
3) Guidelines for blast-resistant design are needed as conventional buildings are rarely designed for these forces. Important structures like government buildings should
IRJET- Behavior of RCC Structure with and without Base Isolation for Seismic ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of base isolation systems to reduce seismic demand on reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. Base isolation involves inserting seismic isolators between the substructure and superstructure of a building to decouple the building from ground motion during an earthquake. This reduces deflection, acceleration, and story drift. The document describes testing of RCC structure models with and without base isolators under seismic excitation. Results show that models with base isolators, particularly those using elastomeric rubber bearings alone or with springs, experienced lower deflections throughout the structure compared to fixed-base models without isolators. Combining rubber bearings with springs produced the most effective results. Therefore, base isolation is an effective technique for improving the
SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF RC FRAMED VERTICALLY IRREGULAR BUILDINGSIRJET Journal
The document discusses seismic risk assessment of vertically irregular reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings. It focuses on open ground storey (OGS) buildings designed using different magnification factors, as well as stepped irregular buildings with specific geometry configurations. Fragility curves are developed for each type of building using performance-based seismic design modeling and analysis. The conclusions drawn are that an OGS building with a magnification factor of around 1.5 performs similarly to a fully infilled building. However, increasing the magnification factor improves OGS building performance but makes adjacent stories more vulnerable.
The Final Seminar of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal was held on 14 February 2018.
The public seminar was held three times during the project.
The Final Seminar, “ Understanding Disaster Risks and Moving Towards DRR and Resilience”, presented on the activities and accomplishment of the project, construction of robust and resilient society against natural disaster risk.
Thank you all for your support and enthusiastic participation in this seminar.
Presentation: Towards Disaster Resilient Kathmandu Valley (Building)
Retro-fitting of Pre-Stressed Concrete Poles Using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Po...IRJET Journal
This document discusses retrofitting pre-stressed concrete poles used for electricity distribution with carbon fiber reinforced polymer to increase their strength. The poles currently have low breaking strength around their minor axis, making them vulnerable to breaking during handling and use. Three sample poles were retrofitted with CFRP laminates or wrapping and tested. The retrofitted poles showed an average 35% increase in breaking strength around the minor axis compared to an unreinforced pole, with no failure of the CFRP. The results establish that CFRP is effective for strengthening pre-stressed concrete poles without changing their design or manufacturing process.
IRJET- Response of Buildings with and Without Setbacks Subjected to Earthquak...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the response of 5-story and 10-story buildings with and without setbacks when subjected to earthquake forces through response spectrum analysis.
2) The analysis found that buildings without setbacks experienced significantly higher displacements compared to buildings with setbacks. For the 5-story buildings, displacements doubled without setbacks.
3) Similarly, for the 10-story buildings, some displacements tripled without setbacks compared to with setbacks.
4) The results indicate that providing setbacks, as required by building codes, reduces building displacement during earthquakes and improves structural performance and safety.
Seismic Analysis of Fixed Base and Base Isolated RC Buildings Having Diaphrag...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic analysis of fixed base and base isolated reinforced concrete buildings with diaphragm discontinuities. Six models of a G+4 story building with different shapes and positions of slab openings are analyzed using ETABS software. Response spectrum analysis is conducted to evaluate the seismic response in terms of storey displacement, base shear, time period, and storey drift. Lead rubber bearings are used as base isolators, which increase time period and storey displacement while decreasing base shear and storey drift compared to a fixed base building. The goal is to determine the most vulnerable building model and evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation for improving seismic performance.
IRJET- Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Building (G+4) using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete residential building (G+4) using ETABS software. Key points include:
- The building is located in Bangalore and designed according to Indian codes. Loads like dead load, live load, wind and seismic loads are considered.
- The structure is analyzed under different load combinations as per code specifications. Beams, columns, slabs and rebar are designed using materials like M25 and M30 concrete and HYSD bars of grades 500 and 550.
- Results of the analysis show maximum bending moments, shear forces, and deflections within permissible limits. Base reactions are summarized to aid in foundation design.
- In conclusion, ET
IRJET- Seismic Performance of RC & Composite Frames with Plan Irregular Confi...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and composite frames with irregular floor plans located in an earthquake zone. 12 models of G+10 story buildings were analyzed (6 RC and 6 composite) using ETABS software. The models had different irregular floor plan configurations including C-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, plus-shaped and hollow shapes. Response spectrum analysis was performed. Results for time period, base shear, story shear, displacements, drifts and axial forces were compared between the RC and composite frames. The composite frames showed lower time periods, displacements, drifts and axial forces compared to the RC frames, but higher base shear and story shear due to their
This publication provides a concise compilation of selected rules in the Eurocode 8 Part 1 & 3, together with relevant Cyprus National Annex, that relate to the seismic design of common forms of concrete building structure in the South Europe. Rules from EN 1998-3 for global analysis, type of analysis and verification checks are presented. Detail design check rules for concrete beam, column and shear wall, from EN 1998-3 are also presented. This guide covers the assessment of orthodox members in concrete frames. It does not cover design rules for steel frames. Certain practical limitations are given to the scope.
Due to time constraints and knowledge, I may not be able to address the whole issues.
Please send me your suggestions for improvement. Anyone interested to share his/her knowledge or willing to contribute either totally a new section about Eurocode 8-3 or within this section is encouraged.
This document discusses infrastructure investment in renewable energy, specifically the performance of offshore wind farms. It finds that offshore wind farms suffer from similar cost and time overruns as other large infrastructure projects. The analysis of 10 British offshore wind farms found all experienced budget overruns, with most projects finishing over time. Delays were often due to issues with weather, technology, equipment bottlenecks, and cabling processes. While offshore wind is an important part of climate strategies, the projects do not distinguish themselves from other "mega projects" and show signs of strategic misrepresentation of costs and timelines.
IRJET- Progressive Collapse of RCC Structure Due to Earthquake and Wind LoadIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings due to earthquakes and wind loads. A 3x3 bay RC frame building model was created in ETABS software and column removal analyses were conducted according to GSA guidelines. Three columns were removed individually - a corner column, exterior column, and interior column. Both linear and nonlinear static analyses were performed, and demand-to-capacity ratios (DCRs) were calculated. Results showed that beams were most vulnerable to failure in flexure. Interior column removal led to the highest DCRs and forces, indicating interior columns are most critical to progressive collapse resistance.
IRJET- Non Destructive Testing of Old R.C.C. Framed StructureIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the results of non-destructive testing performed on a 30-year-old reinforced concrete framed structure in Nagpur, India. Various non-destructive tests were conducted, including rebound hammer testing to determine concrete strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing to evaluate concrete quality, and half-cell potential testing to detect reinforcement corrosion. The test results found the concrete strength to be equivalent to a low grade (M10-M15), concrete quality to be doubtful with pulse velocities below 3.0 km/sec, and half-cell readings indicating severe corrosion in some columns. Based on these test results and visual inspections showing cracks and reinforcement exposure, the document concludes that the structure requires repair and retrofitting.
IRJET - Review on Behavior of Composite Column and Post-Tension Flat Slab in ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on the behavior of composite columns and post-tensioned flat slabs in high-rise buildings. Composite columns made of concrete-encased steel have benefits like high strength and ductility. Post-tensioned flat slabs reduce construction time and costs compared to reinforced concrete slabs. Several studies analyzed found that composite columns and post-tensioned flat slabs help reduce lateral displacement, storey drift, and base shear in seismic zones. Post-tensioned flat slabs were also found to be more economical than reinforced concrete slabs. The use of self-compacting concrete and shear walls can further improve the seismic performance of composite column and post-tensioned flat slab structures.
00-Slides-IEM Course-Site Supervision-Displ Piles-18 Jun 22 - Copy.pdfNeohChengAik
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of site supervisors for displacement pile foundations. It outlines the important knowledge supervisors need regarding pile installation methods, construction requirements, and how to properly inspect piles. The presentation aims to help supervisors ensure pile construction complies with specifications and designs to achieve sound pile installations.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings wit...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic analysis of multistory buildings with bracing and shear walls. A 9-story building model is created in ETABS software with different configurations of bracing and shear walls. Parameters like story drift, displacement and shear are compared between the bare frame model and models with bracing or shear walls. Results show that shear walls are most effective at reducing story drift and displacement, while both bracing and shear walls increase story shear compared to the bare frame. Placing shear walls at the corners provides the best seismic performance with less drift and deflection.
Experimental investigation of the crashworthiness performance of laminated co...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into the crashworthiness performance of laminated composites made of CPVC pipe and woven carbon fiber mat. Crashworthiness indicators like energy absorption, specific energy absorption, maximum force, mean crushing force, and crushing force efficiency were used to evaluate the performance of test specimens under compression loading. Specimens with increasing numbers of carbon fiber mat laminations were tested and compared to an unreinforced CPVC pipe specimen. Both experimental and finite element analysis results showed that additional carbon fiber laminations led to decreased deformation and increased crushing force efficiency when subjected to the same load, indicating improved crashworthiness performance. The finite element analysis results from ANSYS software agreed with the trends observed in
This document summarizes Derek Stork's presentation on technical challenges for the DEMO stage of magnetic fusion energy development. Stork divides the DEMO program into three areas: a baseline program to realize the first DEMO machine, an optimization program to improve economics and reliability, and a strategic risk reduction program. For the baseline program, key challenges include qualifying structural materials to high radiation levels, developing a divertor to handle high heat fluxes, and finalizing blanket and tritium breeding concepts. Significant testing is still needed on materials from facilities like IFMIF before the DEMO design can be completed.
IRJET- Study of Combined Action of Coupled Tuned Liquid and Mass Damper on Ea...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the combined effects of a tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned mass damper (TMD) unit in reducing the earthquake response of buildings. The researchers first conducted experiments on a 3-story building model to analyze its natural frequency without and with the damper unit. They found that the natural frequency decreased from 3.25Hz to 1.65Hz with the addition of the damper. They then modeled the building and damper unit in SAP2000 software and obtained similar natural frequency results, validating the numerical model. Further analysis will be carried out in SAP2000 to evaluate the earthquake performance of different building configurations with the TLD-TMD unit using modal and time history
This document summarizes research on designing buildings to resist blast loads. It discusses modeling a sample building in ETABS software and analyzing its response to different blast scenarios varying the charge weight (125kg to 500kg TNT) and standoff distance (15m to 30m). Key findings include:
1) Increasing the standoff distance significantly reduces blast pressures and damage to the structure. With a 500kg charge at 15m, 177 beams/columns failed, but only 3 failed at 30m.
2) Regular, symmetrical building frames performed better than irregular designs under blast loads.
3) Guidelines for blast-resistant design are needed as conventional buildings are rarely designed for these forces. Important structures like government buildings should
IRJET- Behavior of RCC Structure with and without Base Isolation for Seismic ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of base isolation systems to reduce seismic demand on reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. Base isolation involves inserting seismic isolators between the substructure and superstructure of a building to decouple the building from ground motion during an earthquake. This reduces deflection, acceleration, and story drift. The document describes testing of RCC structure models with and without base isolators under seismic excitation. Results show that models with base isolators, particularly those using elastomeric rubber bearings alone or with springs, experienced lower deflections throughout the structure compared to fixed-base models without isolators. Combining rubber bearings with springs produced the most effective results. Therefore, base isolation is an effective technique for improving the
SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF RC FRAMED VERTICALLY IRREGULAR BUILDINGSIRJET Journal
The document discusses seismic risk assessment of vertically irregular reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings. It focuses on open ground storey (OGS) buildings designed using different magnification factors, as well as stepped irregular buildings with specific geometry configurations. Fragility curves are developed for each type of building using performance-based seismic design modeling and analysis. The conclusions drawn are that an OGS building with a magnification factor of around 1.5 performs similarly to a fully infilled building. However, increasing the magnification factor improves OGS building performance but makes adjacent stories more vulnerable.
The Final Seminar of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal was held on 14 February 2018.
The public seminar was held three times during the project.
The Final Seminar, “ Understanding Disaster Risks and Moving Towards DRR and Resilience”, presented on the activities and accomplishment of the project, construction of robust and resilient society against natural disaster risk.
Thank you all for your support and enthusiastic participation in this seminar.
Presentation: Towards Disaster Resilient Kathmandu Valley (Building)
Retro-fitting of Pre-Stressed Concrete Poles Using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Po...IRJET Journal
This document discusses retrofitting pre-stressed concrete poles used for electricity distribution with carbon fiber reinforced polymer to increase their strength. The poles currently have low breaking strength around their minor axis, making them vulnerable to breaking during handling and use. Three sample poles were retrofitted with CFRP laminates or wrapping and tested. The retrofitted poles showed an average 35% increase in breaking strength around the minor axis compared to an unreinforced pole, with no failure of the CFRP. The results establish that CFRP is effective for strengthening pre-stressed concrete poles without changing their design or manufacturing process.
IRJET- Response of Buildings with and Without Setbacks Subjected to Earthquak...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the response of 5-story and 10-story buildings with and without setbacks when subjected to earthquake forces through response spectrum analysis.
2) The analysis found that buildings without setbacks experienced significantly higher displacements compared to buildings with setbacks. For the 5-story buildings, displacements doubled without setbacks.
3) Similarly, for the 10-story buildings, some displacements tripled without setbacks compared to with setbacks.
4) The results indicate that providing setbacks, as required by building codes, reduces building displacement during earthquakes and improves structural performance and safety.
Seismic Analysis of Fixed Base and Base Isolated RC Buildings Having Diaphrag...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic analysis of fixed base and base isolated reinforced concrete buildings with diaphragm discontinuities. Six models of a G+4 story building with different shapes and positions of slab openings are analyzed using ETABS software. Response spectrum analysis is conducted to evaluate the seismic response in terms of storey displacement, base shear, time period, and storey drift. Lead rubber bearings are used as base isolators, which increase time period and storey displacement while decreasing base shear and storey drift compared to a fixed base building. The goal is to determine the most vulnerable building model and evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation for improving seismic performance.
IRJET- Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Building (G+4) using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete residential building (G+4) using ETABS software. Key points include:
- The building is located in Bangalore and designed according to Indian codes. Loads like dead load, live load, wind and seismic loads are considered.
- The structure is analyzed under different load combinations as per code specifications. Beams, columns, slabs and rebar are designed using materials like M25 and M30 concrete and HYSD bars of grades 500 and 550.
- Results of the analysis show maximum bending moments, shear forces, and deflections within permissible limits. Base reactions are summarized to aid in foundation design.
- In conclusion, ET
IRJET- Seismic Performance of RC & Composite Frames with Plan Irregular Confi...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and composite frames with irregular floor plans located in an earthquake zone. 12 models of G+10 story buildings were analyzed (6 RC and 6 composite) using ETABS software. The models had different irregular floor plan configurations including C-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, plus-shaped and hollow shapes. Response spectrum analysis was performed. Results for time period, base shear, story shear, displacements, drifts and axial forces were compared between the RC and composite frames. The composite frames showed lower time periods, displacements, drifts and axial forces compared to the RC frames, but higher base shear and story shear due to their
This publication provides a concise compilation of selected rules in the Eurocode 8 Part 1 & 3, together with relevant Cyprus National Annex, that relate to the seismic design of common forms of concrete building structure in the South Europe. Rules from EN 1998-3 for global analysis, type of analysis and verification checks are presented. Detail design check rules for concrete beam, column and shear wall, from EN 1998-3 are also presented. This guide covers the assessment of orthodox members in concrete frames. It does not cover design rules for steel frames. Certain practical limitations are given to the scope.
Due to time constraints and knowledge, I may not be able to address the whole issues.
Please send me your suggestions for improvement. Anyone interested to share his/her knowledge or willing to contribute either totally a new section about Eurocode 8-3 or within this section is encouraged.
This document discusses infrastructure investment in renewable energy, specifically the performance of offshore wind farms. It finds that offshore wind farms suffer from similar cost and time overruns as other large infrastructure projects. The analysis of 10 British offshore wind farms found all experienced budget overruns, with most projects finishing over time. Delays were often due to issues with weather, technology, equipment bottlenecks, and cabling processes. While offshore wind is an important part of climate strategies, the projects do not distinguish themselves from other "mega projects" and show signs of strategic misrepresentation of costs and timelines.
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JOINT COMBAT OUTPOST
QUICK REACTION TEST
Mr. Haran Levenberg
Project Lead
Joint Combat Outpost
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AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
TASK ORG
TIMELINE
MILESTONES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
TESTING
FINAL PRODUCT
SUMMARY
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Problem Statement
Joint Combat Outposts (JCOPs) used in Iraq to operationally
execute counterinsurgency doctrine expose deployed forces to
unacceptable risks from complex attacks with large VBIEDS and
small arms fire.
Mission
The mission of the JCOP QRT is to develop a chapter that will
solve a subset of protective construction issues to reduce the risk
of death and injury from attacks against combat outposts in OIF
and OEF operations.
JOINT COMBAT OUTPOST
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ARMY JOINT TEST AND EVALUATION
Mr. Haran
Levenberg
JCOP
Project
Lead
Mr. Ernie
Isensee
Director
JT&E
MAJ John
Wilson
Project
Operations
Officer
ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING JCOP
CENTCOM ATEC
JOINT STAFF
Contract Support Staff
ERDCJERRY LOVE
Contract Lead
DAVID COLTHARP
Analyst
LEWIS ECHOLS
Analyst
CAROL JOHNSON
Test Designer
EGLIN AF BASE
US Army Corps of
Engineers/Engineer R&D Center
(USACE/ERDC)
Title: Joint Combat Outpost (JCOP) QRT
Title: Joint Combat Outpost (JCOP) QRT
Lead-Service OTA: ATEC
Advocate Organization: CENTCOM, JCS
J34 Deputy Director for
Antiterrorism/Homeland Defense
Nominating Organization: Army Test and
Evaluation Command (ATEC)
Task Organization
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JCOP Timeline
Suspense for questionnaire April 30
Layout of chapter May 8
PMP complete May 30
JWAG May 27
Final Destructive Testing (Sims)
Final Test design review June 10
JWAG June 26
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Draft of JCOP chapter July 25
Destructive Test 2, July 30
JWAG September 10th
Staffing to J34 and CENTCOM Sept. 15th
Final JWAG Oct. 21st
Final Distribution to Field Nov. 30th
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81
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= Milestone
= JWAG (Joint Warfare
Advisory Group)
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV
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JCOP Chapter Outline
(Draft)
1. INTRO
2. JCOP RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
3. ANALYZE MISSION
4. SITE SELECTION
5. IDENTIFY and LIST JCOP VULNERABILITIES
6. ANALYZE and ASSESS THE THREAT
7. DEVELOP CONTROLS/ CONOPS
8. MITIGATE RISK-RISK REDUCTION
9. JCOP CHECKLIST FOR SUCCESS
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TESTINGTESTING
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• Vehicle Barrier data
•Department of State Certified Anti-Ram Vehicle Barriers
•U.K. Transportation Research Lab tests of soil bins and
concrete barriers
•USAF Force Protection Battle Lab tests of soil bins
•Manufacturer tests of soil bins
• Blast tests of Perimeter Walls
•Department of State (DOS) perimeter wall tests (data, reports)
•Army Engineer R&D Center (ERDC) tests of soil bin walls
(Hescos, Metalith, CBP)
•Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) test of soil bin wall (Metalith)
•U.K. test of soil bin wall
• Blast tests of building walls and retrofits/upgrades
•ERDC and AFRL test of polymer retrofits for masonry walls
•DOS tests of embassy wall retrofits
•Database program on blast tests of masonry wall response
(various agencies)
Example Existing Data
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Damage to buildings from truck bomb at COP Inman,
Mosul, 23 March 2008
Modeling Blast Effects
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Example Test Issue
• Can the perimeter wall and building upgrade
designs provide protection from a double
VBIED attack?
• MOE: Level of Protection for personnel inside
building
• Data – Building internal blast pressure
• Data – Building wall failure (Yes/No)
• Data – Building wall debris (mass, velocity, distribution)
• MOE: Level of Protection for exposed personnel
(external to building)
• Data – External blast overpressure
• Data – Debris from perimeter walls and dump truck
(mass, velocity, distribution)
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Test Concept
• OBJECTIVE: Evaluate design concepts for mitigating
the effects of a double vehicle bomb attack against a
JCOP
• TEST ARTICLES:
• Perimeter barrier wall system
• Blast upgrade system for building wall
• Conduct two sequenced static detonations of 4000 lb
(TNT EQ) in dump trucks
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Test Concept (cont.)
Double wall perimeter for stopping
double attack
Upgraded building for
blast protection
Retrofit Walls
Blast
ShieldsStandoff
5 ton dump truck with 4000
lbs pulls up to first wall and
detonates
Standoff
Second dump truck
attempts to ram second
wall and detonates
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5’-50’ 3’-5’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT A – Low Wall/Low Wall
5’-50’ 3’-5’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT C – High Wall/Low Wall
5’-50’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT B – Low Wall/High Wall
5’-50’
9’-15’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT D – High Wall/High Wall
9’-15’
9’-15’
3’-5’
Basic Concepts for Double Wall
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16’
60’
20’-30’
40’ - 50’
5’ 7’7’
Concept for testing two different
wall configurations with first
detonation
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First barrier
marks edge
of perimeter approach
zone and serves
as warning line
(Hescos, Metalith,
Jersey)
Second barrier
provides capability to stop
second vehicle attack
and seals approach around
crater (Hescos, Metalith, top
container may not be
desired or necessary)
4’
20’ – 30’
40’- 50’
7’
4.5’
9’
3.5’
(?)
~16’
Second barrier provides
stopping capability. Test
will provide data for
decision and placement
(Hescos, Metalith), top
container may not be
desired or necessary)
4’
12’
9’
First barrier
marks edge
of perimeter
approach
zone and stops
fragments from
truck
EXAMPLE
CONCEPT A
EXAMPLE
CONCEPT B
Concept for testing two different
wall configurations (cont)
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Charge
1
Charge
2
CraterfromCharge1
Site Layout
Free Field Pressure Gages
Internal Pressure Gages
Reaction Structure
for Masonry Walls
Reaction Structure
for masonry walls
Deflection Gages
Hard Mounted Accelerometers
FF1 FF2 FF4 FF5
FF3
Reflected Pressure Gages
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Masonry Wall Response
Wall Size: (h x w)
Bay 2 – 112” x 176”
176"
112"
136"
Std CMU block 7.625" x 7.625" x 15.625"
0.375
1.25
88 88
4.0625 16
0.375 1"
136”
192”
BAY 4
IPB
PC PE
DB AB
Hard Mounted Accelerometers
Internal Pressure Gages
Blast Pressure Gages
Deflection Gage
TYPICAL INSTRUMENTATION
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Definition: Levels of Protection
High – Minimal building damage, facility
immediately operable, only superficial injures
are likely
Medium – Minor building damage, could be
repaired, facility operable after cleanup and
repair, minor to moderate injuries, fatalities
unlikely
Low – Moderate building damage, facility
unusable, moderate to severe injuries,
fatalities unlikely
Very Low – Heavy building damage, facility
unusable, serious injuries, potential fatalities
Corresponding wall damage
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Modeling of Blast Effects of existing
COP using AT Planner Software
350 Foot Contour– Onset of wall
collapse for typical building
Truck bomb inside perimeter
Typical building, walls blown in,
partial collapse
Single perimeter wall
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Truck bomb outside perimeter
140 Foot Contour – Onset of wall
collapse for upgraded building
Double perimeter wall
Building with
protective upgrades,
moderate to heavy damage
Modeling of Blast Effects for upgraded COP using
AT Planner Software
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Example Data Collection
High-speed camera for measuring
perimeter wall debris velocity and distribution
Collection of mass and distribution of debris
310 fps
High-speed camera behind building wall
(inside test structure)
Time, msec
Pressure,psi
Impulse,psi-sec
Measurement P1-W2
0 30 60 90 120 150
-15 -0.06
0 0
15 0.06
30 0.12
45 0.18
60 0.24
75 0.3
Data from blast overpressure gauge
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Final Product
1. Test data to continue
improvement of force protection
initiatives.
2. Distribution of initial handbook
for theater
3. Incorporate as a chapter in JCOB
in future publications
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Summary
Develop and test optimized defensive TTP’s to reduce
the risk to forces occupying JCOPs.
The psychological benefit includes increased morale
for soldiers knowing that their location is safer than it
was previously.
The expected benefits to the warfighter are a
survivable combat outpost with protective construction
that reduces the risk of combat injuries and death.
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Questions