𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
What Could Cause The Headlights On Your Porsche 911 To Stop WorkingLancer Service
Discover why your Porsche 911 headlights might flicker out unexpectedly. From aging bulbs to electrical gremlins and moisture mishaps, we're delving into the reasons behind the blackout. Stay tuned to illuminate the road ahead and ensure your lights shine bright for safer journeys.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
2. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 217 9813/6950-3 15 - 217
00 - General
Introduction .................................................. 15-217
Component Identification ............................. 15-218
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-219
Introduction
Flywheels are used to provide continuous energy in
systems, where the energy source is not continuous.
In such cases, the flywheel stores energy when
torque is applied by the energy source, and it
releases stored energy when the energy source is
not applying torque to it.
In a reciprocating engine, a flywheel is used to
maintain constant angular velocity of the crankshaft.
The flywheel, which is mounted on the crankshaft,
stores energy when torque is exerted on it by a firing
piston, and it releases energy to its mechanical loads
when no piston is exerting torque on it.
4. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 219 9813/6950-3 15 - 219
Remove and Install
Before Removal
1. This procedure requires service parts. Make
sure you have obtained the correct service parts
before you start. The flywheel is installed with a
crankshaft position sensor target disc. DO NOT
remove the target disc. If the disc is defective the
flywheel must be replaced.
2. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
3. Get access to the engine.
Removal
1. Remove the bolts and withdraw the flywheel from
the crankshaft hub. The bolts MUST NOT be
reused. Discard the bolts.
Figure 330.
1
213
T3
1 Flywheel 2 Flywheel fixing bolts (x8)
3 Flywheel location dowel Y Angle tightening mark
5. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 220 9813/6950-3 15 - 220
Installation
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Make sure that all items are clean and free from
damage and corrosion.
3. Align the flywheel location dowel.
4. Renew the fixing bolts. Tighten the new bolts to
the correct torque value in three stages.
Tighten the bolts in sequence in diagonally opposing
pairs. As a visual check, mark the bolts to the
flywheel before you start. When the bolts have been
angle tightened the marks will appear as at 120°.
Table 111. Torque Table
Item Torque Value
(Nm)
Angle (de-
grees)
2 (Ist Stage) 40
2 (2nd Stage) 120
2 (Final Stage) +120
6. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 221 9813/6950-3 15 - 221
03 - Housing
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Description Part No. Qty.
Template for Sealant
Flywheel Housing to
Gear Case (4 Cyl Elec )
892/12349 1
Before Removal
The flywheel housing is integral with the drive gears
front case. When the housing is removed the drive
gears will be exposed. DO NOT attempt to remove
the camshaft and the drive gears. Removing the
camshaft with the engine in the upright position will
cause the tappets to dislodge, requiring the engine
block to be dismantled.
1. This procedure requires service parts. Make
sure you have obtained the correct service parts
before you start.
2. Remove the flywheel. Refer to (PIL 15-54).
3. Remove the starter motor. Refer to (PIL 15-75).
Removal
1. Remove the flywheel housing fixing bolts and
then separate the flywheel housing from the gear
case.
2. If required, undo the bolts and remove the access
cover.
3. Remove and discard the crankshaft rear oil seal.
Take care not to damage the seal bore in the
housing.
7. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 222 9813/6950-3 15 - 222
Figure 331.
4
2
5
1
7
6
3
X2 YT4
YY
Z
1 Flywheel housing 2 Dowel - 12 mm
3 Dowel - 10 mm 4 Flywheel housing fixing bolts (x6) M10
5 Flywheel housing fixing bolts (x12) M8 6 Access cover
7 Access cover fixing bolts (x2) Y Fixing point
X Flywheel housing mating face Z Alternative fixing holes
T3 Alignment pins T4 Sealant template
Before Installation
1. Carefully remove all traces of the old sealant
compound from the flywheel housing mating
faces.
2. Use a suitable degreasing agent to clean the
inside of the flywheel housing.
3. Carefully inspect all gears, bearings and shafts
for signs of excessive wear or damage. If wear
or damage is evident, the components must be
renewed.
8. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 223 9813/6950-3 15 - 223
Installation
Anaerobic sealant will not start to cure whilst it
is open to the atmosphere, however when air is
excluded (for instance when the two parts are
put together) it will immediately start to harden.
Make sure that all the necessary tools, bolts
etc. are readily available prior to assembling the
components. The parts must be installed and torque
tightened within5min with a maximum permissible
time of 15min
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Make sure that all items are clean and free from
damage and corrosion.
3. Make sure that the dowels are installed to the
mating face of the flywheel housing.
4. Install the sealant template T4 on the housing.
Locate the holes in the template, use the dowel
and three fixing bolts in the fixing points.
Special Tool: Template for Sealant Flywheel
Housing to Gear Case (4 Cyl Elec ) (Qty.: 1)
5. Use the template T4 as a guide, apply a
continuous bead of sealant around the flywheel
housing mating face
Length/Dimension/Distance: 1.5mm
5.1. Some engines feature a flywheel housing
with a different fixing hole pattern. Use the
template to apply the sealant but apply
sealant manually in the position shown at Z.
6. Remove the three fixing bolts at positions.
Remove the template T4, make sure not to
smudge the sealant. Discard the template.
7. Locate the flywheel housing on the alignment
pins T3 on the crankcase and install the fixing
bolts. Progressively tighten the bolts to the
correct torque value.
7.1. Remove the alignment pins to install the last
two M10 fixing bolts.
7.2. The parts must be separated, thoroughly
cleaned and fresh sealant applied if the
parts have not been torque tightened within
the maximum time period.
Duration: 15min
8. Install the access cover and use the bolts to
secure. Tighten the bolts to the correct torque
value. Refer to Table 112.
After Installation
1. Install a new crankshaft rear oil seal.
2. Install the flywheel.
3. Install the starter motor.
Table 112. Torque Values
Item Nm
4 47
5 24
7 24
9. 15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
09 - Gear Ring
15 - 224 9813/6950-3 15 - 224
09 - Gear Ring
Remove and Install
CAUTION Wear eye protection when you drive
the gear ring off the flywheel.
If the flywheel gear teeth are damaged or excessively
worn, the gear ring can be replaced with a new one.
Before Removal
1. This procedure requires service parts. Make
sure you have obtained the correct service parts
before you start.
2. Remove the flywheel from the crankshaft hub.
Figure 332.
1
2
X
1 Flywheel
2 Gear ring
x Position of hole
Removal
1. Note that the gear teeth have a lead-in chamfer
on one side to assist the starter motor pinion to
engage. Note which way around the gear ring is
installed to make sure that the new gear ring is
installed the same way on assembly.
2. Place the flywheel flat on a firm surface. Drill a
hole through the gear ring below the root of one
of the gear teeth as shown. Drive a chisel into the
adjacent tooth to spread the gear ring apart. Take
care not to damage the flywheel or the position
sensor target disc.
Installation
1. Make sure that all items are clean and free from
damage and corrosion.
2. Heat up the new gear ring, preferably in an oven
to make sure that the heat is applied evenly
around the circumference. Do not heat the gear
ring above
Temperature: 200°C (391.7°F)
3. When sufficiently heated, install the gear ring into
position over the flywheel. Make sure that the
gear ring is installed the correct way around.
After Installation
1. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft hub.
10. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 227 9813/6950-3 15 - 227
00 - General
Introduction .................................................. 15-227
Component Identification ............................. 15-228
Check (Condition) ........................................ 15-230
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-231
Introduction
The oil pump is a rotor type pump located inside the
timing gear case. The pump is driven by gears via
the crankshaft.
The pump consists of two rotors, one running inside
the other. The outer rotor has one more lobe than the
inner rotor and turns on a different axis.
When rotated the gap between the inner and outer
rotor lobes increases, drawing oil in through the
inlet port. After a half rotation the gap reaches a
maximum, the inlet port is closed and the outlet port
opens.
Further rotation causes the gap between the lobes to
diminish, forcing the oil out through the outlet port.
A pressure relief valve assembly is integral with the
pump body. As oil pressure increases it acts on a
spool to overcome the pressure of the spring. As the
spool moves it uncovers a port allowing pressurised
oil directly back to the inlet port. In practice the
spool is continually opening and closing to maintain
the correct oil pressure value. The valve is not
adjustable.
11. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 228 9813/6950-3 15 - 228
Component Identification
Figure 333.
1
1 3 2 4
49
6
1
7 7a
8 8a
5
5
1 Oil pump 2 Outer rotor
3 Inner rotor 4 Inlet port
5 Outlet port 6 Relief valve assembly
7 Relief valve spring 7a Relief valve port (return to inlet port 4)
8 Relief valve spool 8a Relief valve pressure port (connected to port 5)
9 Oil pump connecting ports (engine bed plate)
12. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 229 9813/6950-3 15 - 229
Figure 334.
10
10 CCV Anti drain back valve
13. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 230 9813/6950-3 15 - 230
Check (Condition)
1. Check the oil pump internal parts for signs of
damage and excessive wear.
2. Use feeler gauges to measure the inner and
outer rotor clearance, and the rotor end float to
confirm they are within service limits.
Refer to: PIL 15-12-00.
14. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 231 9813/6950-3 15 - 231
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Description Part No. Qty.
Torque Wrench
(10-100Nm)
993/70111 1
The illustrations show the engine inverted. If the
oil pump is being removed prior to crankshaft or
camshaft removal, the engine must be inverted. If
the oil pump only is being removed (for inspection or
renewal) then the engine need not be inverted.
This procedure requires service parts. Make sure
you have obtained the correct service parts before
you start, refer to Parts Catalogue.
Before Removal
1. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
2. Drain the oil from the engine, refer to (PIL 15-21).
3. Remove the starter motor, refer to (PIL 15-75).
4. Remove the flywheel, refer to (PIL 15-54).
5. Remove the flywheel housing, refer to (PIL
15-54).
Figure 335.
X
Y
2
1
34
1 Oil pump 2 Oil pump fixing bolts (x4)
3 Flywheel hub 4 Flywheel hub fixing bolt
X Crankshaft gear Y Oil pump location dowel
15. 15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 232 9813/6950-3 15 - 232
Remove
1. Remove the flywheel hub fixing bolt.
2. Remove the flywheel hub. DO NOT remove the
crankshaft gear.
3. Remove the oil pump fixing bolts and lift the oil
pump away from the timing gear case.
The oil pump is a non-serviceable item. If the oil
pump is damaged or worn it must be renewed as a
complete assembly.
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Make sure that all parts are clean and free from
damage and corrosion.
3. Lubricate the pump rotor with clean engine oil.
4. Make sure that the oil pump location dowel
locates into the hole in the gear timing case.
5. Install the flywheel hub into the crankshaft gear,
locating on the dowel. Tighten the bolts to the
correct torque value.
Special Tool: Torque Wrench (10-100Nm) (Qty.:
1)
After Replacement
1. Install the flywheel housing, refer to (PIL 15-54).
2. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft hub, refer to
(PIL 15-54).
3. Install the starter motor, refer to (PIL 15-75).
4. Fill the engine with engine oil, refer to (PIL
15-21).
Table 113. Torque Values
Item Nm
2 24
4 47
16. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
09 - Knock
15 - 289 9813/6950-3 15 - 289
Remove and Install
The following procedure is for one knock sensor. The
procedure for both sensors is identical.
Before Removal
1. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
Remove
1. Get access to the engine.
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the knock
sensor.
3. Remove the bolt and remove the knock sensor
from the crankcase.
The knock sensor is a non-serviceable item. If the
sensor is defective it must be replaced.
Figure 366.
A
B C
A Knock sensor
B Electrical connector
C Bolt
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Make sure that the sensor mates fully with the
adjacent face on the crankcase.
3. Tighten the bolt to the correct torque value.
Torque: 22–26N·m
17. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
14 - Exhaust Manifold Temperature
15 - 290 9813/6950-3 15 - 290
14 - Exhaust Manifold Temperature
Introduction .................................................. 15-290
Operation ..................................................... 15-291
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-291
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-292
Introduction
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor is screwed
directly into the top of the exhaust manifold between
cylinder 3 and 4 exhaust outlet ports.
Figure 367. Exhaust manifold
temperature sensor location
18. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
14 - Exhaust Manifold Temperature
15 - 291 9813/6950-3 15 - 291
Operation
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor measures
the exhaust gas temperature from the engine, before
it reaches the turbocharger. The analogue voltage
signal is 1–4.5V.
Check (Operation)
For the full inspection and testing procedure, refer to
the help files in ServiceMaster.
19. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
14 - Exhaust Manifold Temperature
15 - 292 9813/6950-3 15 - 292
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Description Part No. Qty.
Deep Socket 892/12351 1
Before Removal
1. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
Figure 368.
NA
A Exhaust manifold temperature sensor
Remove
1. Get access to the engine.
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the
exhaust manifold temperature sensor.
3. Use the special tool to remove the sensor from
the exhaust manifold.
Special Tool: Deep Socket (Qty.: 1)
4. Discard the sealing washer.
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor is a non-
serviceable item. If the sensor is faulty or damaged
it must be renewed.
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Renew the sealing washer.
3. Tighten the exhaust manifold temperature
sensor to the correct torque value.
Table 138. Torque Values
Item Nm
N 45
20. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
16 - Exhaust Manifold Pressure
15 - 293 9813/6950-3 15 - 293
16 - Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Introduction .................................................. 15-293
Operation ..................................................... 15-294
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-294
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-295
Introduction
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor also known
as the manifold absolute pressure sensor is a device
that is used to calibrate the fuel delivery on an ECM
(Engine Control Module) Controlled engine.
The sensor is mounted in the rear section of the
rocker cover.
Figure 369.
C
C
C Exhaust manifold pressure sensor
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22. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
16 - Exhaust Manifold Pressure
15 - 294 9813/6950-3 15 - 294
Operation
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor informs
the ECM (Engine Control Module) of the exhaust
manifold pressure. To attain an accurate and stable
reading the take-off point is piped from the exhaust
manifold between cylinders 3 and 4. This is fed
to a sample chamber in the corner of the rocker
cover where the sensor is screwed directly into the
pressure path.
The sensor produces an analogue signal from
1–4.5V which informs the ECM of the exhaust
manifold pressure. The voltage output proportional to
pressure is 0.5–4.5V.
Check (Operation)
1. For the full inspection and testing procedure,
refer to the help files in ServiceMaster.
23. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
16 - Exhaust Manifold Pressure
15 - 295 9813/6950-3 15 - 295
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Description Part No. Qty.
Deep Socket 892/12351 1
Before Removal
1. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
Figure 370.
1
P1
2
1 Exhaust manifold pressure sensor
2 Electrical connector
P1 Sealing washer
Remove
1. Get access to the engine.
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the
exhaust manifold pressure sensor.
3. Use the special tool to remove the sensor from
the exhaust manifold.
Special Tool: Deep Socket (Qty.: 1)
4. Discard the sealing washer.
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor is a non-
serviceable item. If the sensor is faulty or damaged
it must be renewed.
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Renew the sealing washer.
3. Use the special tool to tighten the exhaust
manifold pressure sensor to the correct torque
value.
Table 139. Torque Values
Item Nm
1 22.5
24. 15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
17 - Temperature and Manifold Air Pressure (TMAP)
15 - 296 9813/6950-3 15 - 296
17 - Temperature and Manifold Air
Pressure (TMAP)
Introduction .................................................. 15-296
Operation ..................................................... 15-297
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-297
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-298
Introduction
The TMAP (Temperature Manifold Air Pressure)
sensor is mounted in a port on top of the inlet
manifold. It measures the inlet manifold boost air
pressure and temperature. The sensor incorporates
a piezo-resistive element and resistor.
Figure 371.
D
D
D TMAPsensor