Jcb 5 cx backhoe loader service repair manual sn from 2442701 and up

SERVICE MANUAL
BACKHOE LOADER
3CX, 4CX, 5CX
EN - 9813/6950 - ISSUE 3 - 01/2018
This manual contains original instructions, verified by
the manufacturer (or their authorized representative).
Copyright 2018 © JCB SERVICE
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any other means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without prior permission from JCB SERVICE.
www.jcb.com
Foreword
The Operator's Manual
You and others can be killed or seriously injured
if you operate or maintain the machine without
first studying the Operator's Manual. You must
understand and follow the instructions in the
Operator's Manual. If you do not understand
anything, ask your employer or JCB dealer to
explain it.
Do not operate the machine without an Operator's
Manual, or if there is anything on the machine you
do not understand.
Treat the Operator's Manual as part of the machine.
Keep it clean and in good condition. Replace the
Operator's Manual immediately if it is lost, damaged
or becomes unreadable.
Contents
01 - Machine
03 - Attachments, Couplings and Load
Handling
06 - Body and Framework
09 - Operator Station
12 - Heating, Ventilating and Air-
Conditioning (HVAC)
15 - Engine
18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
21 - Cooling System
24 - Brake System
25 - Steering System
27 - Driveline
30 - Hydraulic System
33 - Electrical System
72 - Fasteners and Fixings
75 - Consumable Products
78 - After Sales

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 217 9813/6950-3 15 - 217
00 - General
Introduction .................................................. 15-217
Component Identification ............................. 15-218
Remove and Install ..................................... 15-219
Introduction
Flywheels are used to provide continuous energy in
systems, where the energy source is not continuous.
In such cases, the flywheel stores energy when
torque is applied by the energy source, and it
releases stored energy when the energy source is
not applying torque to it.
In a reciprocating engine, a flywheel is used to
maintain constant angular velocity of the crankshaft.
The flywheel, which is mounted on the crankshaft,
stores energy when torque is exerted on it by a firing
piston, and it releases energy to its mechanical loads
when no piston is exerting torque on it.

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 218 9813/6950-3 15 - 218
Component Identification
Figure 329.
2
1
1 Flywheel
2 Flywheel gear ring

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 219 9813/6950-3 15 - 219
Remove and Install
Before Removal
1. This procedure requires service parts. Make
sure you have obtained the correct service parts
before you start. The flywheel is installed with a
crankshaft position sensor target disc. DO NOT
remove the target disc. If the disc is defective the
flywheel must be replaced.
2. Make sure that the engine is safe to work on. If
the engine has been running, let it cool before
you start the service work.
3. Get access to the engine.
Removal
1. Remove the bolts and withdraw the flywheel from
the crankshaft hub. The bolts MUST NOT be
reused. Discard the bolts.
Figure 330.
1
213
T3
1 Flywheel 2 Flywheel fixing bolts (x8)
3 Flywheel location dowel Y Angle tightening mark

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
00 - General
15 - 220 9813/6950-3 15 - 220
Installation
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Make sure that all items are clean and free from
damage and corrosion.
3. Align the flywheel location dowel.
4. Renew the fixing bolts. Tighten the new bolts to
the correct torque value in three stages.
Tighten the bolts in sequence in diagonally opposing
pairs. As a visual check, mark the bolts to the
flywheel before you start. When the bolts have been
angle tightened the marks will appear as at 120°.
Table 111. Torque Table
Item Torque Value
(Nm)
Angle (de-
grees)
2 (Ist Stage) 40
2 (2nd Stage) 120
2 (Final Stage) +120

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 221 9813/6950-3 15 - 221
03 - Housing
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Description Part No. Qty.
Template for Sealant
Flywheel Housing to
Gear Case (4 Cyl Elec )
892/12349 1
Before Removal
The flywheel housing is integral with the drive gears
front case. When the housing is removed the drive
gears will be exposed. DO NOT attempt to remove
the camshaft and the drive gears. Removing the
camshaft with the engine in the upright position will
cause the tappets to dislodge, requiring the engine
block to be dismantled.
before you start.
2. Remove the flywheel. Refer to (PIL 15-54).
3. Remove the starter motor. Refer to (PIL 15-75).
Removal
1. Remove the flywheel housing fixing bolts and
then separate the flywheel housing from the gear
case.
2. If required, undo the bolts and remove the access
cover.
3. Remove and discard the crankshaft rear oil seal.
Take care not to damage the seal bore in the
housing.

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 222 9813/6950-3 15 - 222
Figure 331.
4
2
5
1
7
6
3
X2 YT4
YY
Z
1 Flywheel housing 2 Dowel - 12 mm
3 Dowel - 10 mm 4 Flywheel housing fixing bolts (x6) M10
5 Flywheel housing fixing bolts (x12) M8 6 Access cover
7 Access cover fixing bolts (x2) Y Fixing point
X Flywheel housing mating face Z Alternative fixing holes
T3 Alignment pins T4 Sealant template
Before Installation
1. Carefully remove all traces of the old sealant
compound from the flywheel housing mating
faces.
2. Use a suitable degreasing agent to clean the
inside of the flywheel housing.
3. Carefully inspect all gears, bearings and shafts
for signs of excessive wear or damage. If wear
or damage is evident, the components must be
renewed.

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
03 - Housing
15 - 223 9813/6950-3 15 - 223
Installation
Anaerobic sealant will not start to cure whilst it
is open to the atmosphere, however when air is
excluded (for instance when the two parts are
put together) it will immediately start to harden.
Make sure that all the necessary tools, bolts
etc. are readily available prior to assembling the
components. The parts must be installed and torque
tightened within5min with a maximum permissible
time of 15min
steps.
3. Make sure that the dowels are installed to the
mating face of the flywheel housing.
4. Install the sealant template T4 on the housing.
Locate the holes in the template, use the dowel
and three fixing bolts in the fixing points.
Special Tool: Template for Sealant Flywheel
Housing to Gear Case (4 Cyl Elec ) (Qty.: 1)
5. Use the template T4 as a guide, apply a
continuous bead of sealant around the flywheel
housing mating face
Length/Dimension/Distance: 1.5mm
5.1. Some engines feature a flywheel housing
with a different fixing hole pattern. Use the
template to apply the sealant but apply
sealant manually in the position shown at Z.
6. Remove the three fixing bolts at positions.
Remove the template T4, make sure not to
smudge the sealant. Discard the template.
7. Locate the flywheel housing on the alignment
pins T3 on the crankcase and install the fixing
bolts. Progressively tighten the bolts to the
correct torque value.
7.1. Remove the alignment pins to install the last
two M10 fixing bolts.
7.2. The parts must be separated, thoroughly
cleaned and fresh sealant applied if the
parts have not been torque tightened within
the maximum time period.
Duration: 15min
8. Install the access cover and use the bolts to
secure. Tighten the bolts to the correct torque
value. Refer to Table 112.
After Installation
1. Install a new crankshaft rear oil seal.
2. Install the flywheel.
3. Install the starter motor.
Table 112. Torque Values
Item Nm
4 47
5 24
7 24

15 - Engine
54 - Flywheel
09 - Gear Ring
15 - 224 9813/6950-3 15 - 224
09 - Gear Ring
Remove and Install
CAUTION Wear eye protection when you drive
the gear ring off the flywheel.
If the flywheel gear teeth are damaged or excessively
worn, the gear ring can be replaced with a new one.
Before Removal
before you start.
2. Remove the flywheel from the crankshaft hub.
Figure 332.
1
2
X
1 Flywheel
2 Gear ring
x Position of hole
Removal
1. Note that the gear teeth have a lead-in chamfer
on one side to assist the starter motor pinion to
engage. Note which way around the gear ring is
installed to make sure that the new gear ring is
installed the same way on assembly.
2. Place the flywheel flat on a firm surface. Drill a
hole through the gear ring below the root of one
of the gear teeth as shown. Drive a chisel into the
adjacent tooth to spread the gear ring apart. Take
care not to damage the flywheel or the position
sensor target disc.
Installation
2. Heat up the new gear ring, preferably in an oven
to make sure that the heat is applied evenly
around the circumference. Do not heat the gear
ring above
Temperature: 200°C (391.7°F)
3. When sufficiently heated, install the gear ring into
position over the flywheel. Make sure that the
gear ring is installed the correct way around.
After Installation
1. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft hub.

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 227 9813/6950-3 15 - 227
00 - General
Introduction .................................................. 15-227
Component Identification ............................. 15-228
Check (Condition) ........................................ 15-230
Introduction
The oil pump is a rotor type pump located inside the
timing gear case. The pump is driven by gears via
the crankshaft.
The pump consists of two rotors, one running inside
the other. The outer rotor has one more lobe than the
inner rotor and turns on a different axis.
When rotated the gap between the inner and outer
rotor lobes increases, drawing oil in through the
inlet port. After a half rotation the gap reaches a
maximum, the inlet port is closed and the outlet port
opens.
Further rotation causes the gap between the lobes to
diminish, forcing the oil out through the outlet port.
A pressure relief valve assembly is integral with the
pump body. As oil pressure increases it acts on a
spool to overcome the pressure of the spring. As the
spool moves it uncovers a port allowing pressurised
oil directly back to the inlet port. In practice the
spool is continually opening and closing to maintain
the correct oil pressure value. The valve is not
adjustable.

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 228 9813/6950-3 15 - 228
Component Identification
Figure 333.
1
1 3 2 4
49
6
1
7 7a
8 8a
5
5
1 Oil pump 2 Outer rotor
3 Inner rotor 4 Inlet port
5 Outlet port 6 Relief valve assembly
7 Relief valve spring 7a Relief valve port (return to inlet port 4)
8 Relief valve spool 8a Relief valve pressure port (connected to port 5)
9 Oil pump connecting ports (engine bed plate)

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 229 9813/6950-3 15 - 229
Figure 334.
10
10 CCV Anti drain back valve

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 230 9813/6950-3 15 - 230
Check (Condition)
1. Check the oil pump internal parts for signs of
damage and excessive wear.
2. Use feeler gauges to measure the inner and
outer rotor clearance, and the rotor end float to
confirm they are within service limits.
Refer to: PIL 15-12-00.

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 231 9813/6950-3 15 - 231
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Torque Wrench
(10-100Nm)
993/70111 1
The illustrations show the engine inverted. If the
oil pump is being removed prior to crankshaft or
camshaft removal, the engine must be inverted. If
the oil pump only is being removed (for inspection or
renewal) then the engine need not be inverted.
This procedure requires service parts. Make sure
you have obtained the correct service parts before
you start, refer to Parts Catalogue.
Before Removal
2. Drain the oil from the engine, refer to (PIL 15-21).
3. Remove the starter motor, refer to (PIL 15-75).
4. Remove the flywheel, refer to (PIL 15-54).
5. Remove the flywheel housing, refer to (PIL
15-54).
Figure 335.
X
Y
2
1
34
1 Oil pump 2 Oil pump fixing bolts (x4)
3 Flywheel hub 4 Flywheel hub fixing bolt
X Crankshaft gear Y Oil pump location dowel

15 - Engine
60 - Oil Pump
00 - General
15 - 232 9813/6950-3 15 - 232
Remove
1. Remove the flywheel hub fixing bolt.
2. Remove the flywheel hub. DO NOT remove the
crankshaft gear.
3. Remove the oil pump fixing bolts and lift the oil
pump away from the timing gear case.
The oil pump is a non-serviceable item. If the oil
pump is damaged or worn it must be renewed as a
complete assembly.
Install
steps.
2. Make sure that all parts are clean and free from
3. Lubricate the pump rotor with clean engine oil.
4. Make sure that the oil pump location dowel
locates into the hole in the gear timing case.
5. Install the flywheel hub into the crankshaft gear,
locating on the dowel. Tighten the bolts to the
correct torque value.
Special Tool: Torque Wrench (10-100Nm) (Qty.:
1)
After Replacement
1. Install the flywheel housing, refer to (PIL 15-54).
2. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft hub, refer to
(PIL 15-54).
3. Install the starter motor, refer to (PIL 15-75).
4. Fill the engine with engine oil, refer to (PIL
15-21).
Item Nm
2 24
4 47

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
09 - Knock
15 - 289 9813/6950-3 15 - 289
Remove and Install
The following procedure is for one knock sensor. The
procedure for both sensors is identical.
Before Removal
Remove
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the knock
sensor.
3. Remove the bolt and remove the knock sensor
from the crankcase.
The knock sensor is a non-serviceable item. If the
sensor is defective it must be replaced.
Figure 366.
A
B C
A Knock sensor
B Electrical connector
C Bolt
Install
steps.
2. Make sure that the sensor mates fully with the
adjacent face on the crankcase.
3. Tighten the bolt to the correct torque value.
Torque: 22–26N·m

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
14 - Exhaust Manifold Temperature
15 - 290 9813/6950-3 15 - 290
Introduction .................................................. 15-290
Operation ..................................................... 15-291
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-291
Introduction
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor is screwed
directly into the top of the exhaust manifold between
cylinder 3 and 4 exhaust outlet ports.
Figure 367. Exhaust manifold
temperature sensor location

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
15 - 291 9813/6950-3 15 - 291
Operation
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor measures
the exhaust gas temperature from the engine, before
it reaches the turbocharger. The analogue voltage
signal is 1–4.5V.
Check (Operation)
For the full inspection and testing procedure, refer to
the help files in ServiceMaster.

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
15 - 292 9813/6950-3 15 - 292
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Deep Socket 892/12351 1
Before Removal
Figure 368.
NA
A Exhaust manifold temperature sensor
Remove
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the
exhaust manifold temperature sensor.
3. Use the special tool to remove the sensor from
the exhaust manifold.
Special Tool: Deep Socket (Qty.: 1)
4. Discard the sealing washer.
The exhaust manifold temperature sensor is a non-
serviceable item. If the sensor is faulty or damaged
it must be renewed.
Install
steps.
2. Renew the sealing washer.
3. Tighten the exhaust manifold temperature
sensor to the correct torque value.
Item Nm
N 45

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
16 - Exhaust Manifold Pressure
15 - 293 9813/6950-3 15 - 293
Introduction .................................................. 15-293
Operation ..................................................... 15-294
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-294
Introduction
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor also known
as the manifold absolute pressure sensor is a device
that is used to calibrate the fuel delivery on an ECM
(Engine Control Module) Controlled engine.
The sensor is mounted in the rear section of the
rocker cover.
Figure 369.
C
C
C Exhaust manifold pressure sensor

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15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
15 - 294 9813/6950-3 15 - 294
Operation
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor informs
the ECM (Engine Control Module) of the exhaust
manifold pressure. To attain an accurate and stable
reading the take-off point is piped from the exhaust
manifold between cylinders 3 and 4. This is fed
to a sample chamber in the corner of the rocker
cover where the sensor is screwed directly into the
pressure path.
The sensor produces an analogue signal from
1–4.5V which informs the ECM of the exhaust
manifold pressure. The voltage output proportional to
pressure is 0.5–4.5V.
Check (Operation)
1. For the full inspection and testing procedure,
refer to the help files in ServiceMaster.

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
15 - 295 9813/6950-3 15 - 295
Remove and Install
Special Tools
Deep Socket 892/12351 1
Before Removal
Figure 370.
1
P1
2
1 Exhaust manifold pressure sensor
2 Electrical connector
P1 Sealing washer
Remove
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the
exhaust manifold pressure sensor.
3. Use the special tool to remove the sensor from
the exhaust manifold.
Special Tool: Deep Socket (Qty.: 1)
4. Discard the sealing washer.
The exhaust manifold pressure sensor is a non-
serviceable item. If the sensor is faulty or damaged
it must be renewed.
Install
steps.
2. Renew the sealing washer.
3. Use the special tool to tighten the exhaust
manifold pressure sensor to the correct torque
value.
Item Nm
1 22.5

15 - Engine
84 - Sensor
17 - Temperature and Manifold Air Pressure (TMAP)
15 - 296 9813/6950-3 15 - 296
17 - Temperature and Manifold Air
Pressure (TMAP)
Introduction .................................................. 15-296
Operation ..................................................... 15-297
Check (Operation) ....................................... 15-297
Introduction
The TMAP (Temperature Manifold Air Pressure)
sensor is mounted in a port on top of the inlet
manifold. It measures the inlet manifold boost air
pressure and temperature. The sensor incorporates
a piezo-resistive element and resistor.
Figure 371.
D
D
D TMAPsensor

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